Yayiyini inzalo kaPetru 1? UPetru 1: ubukhosi baseRomanov

Phakathi Nesikhathi Sezinkinga, inzalo yamaRomanovs yayimiswe ngokuqinile esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu ezayo, kuze kube yilapho kuqothulwa umbuso wezombusazwe, lesi sihlahla sobuzalo sakhula, kuhlanganise namagama aphezulu kakhulu kubusi baseRussia. I-Tsar Peter the Great ayizange ibe yinto ehlukile, eyanikeza amandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izwe lethu.

Umlando Omfushane

Isizukulwane sikaPetru 1 ekuqaleni sasingowomndeni wabafana. Kulotshwe ukuthi ukhokho walolu hlobo kwakungu-Andrei Ivanovich Kobyl, owayehlala phakathi nekhulu le-14. Umsunguli weRomanovs u-Nikita Romanovich Zakharin-Yuryev, owaba nguyise kaFyodor Nikitich. Umzila waqhutshwa nguMikhail Fedorovich Romanov, owakhethwa kuqala esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1613 eZemsky Sobor, waba ngumsunguli wobukhosi obusha. U-Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov wabhala ukubusa kwakhe ngo-1645-1676. Izinguquko ezibalulekile ezithinta amasimu ezenhlalo nezombangazwe. Inkosi kaPetru Omkhulu yaqhubeka noFyodor Alekseyevich Romanov, ongazange ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi isikhathi eside: kusukela ngo-1676 kuya ku-1682, emva kokufa kweTsar, abafowabo ababili baba ababusi bezwe: Ivan Alekseevich noPeter Alekseevich. Owokuqala wayengenakukwazi ukubusa umbuso, kanti umzalwane wesibili wayencane kakhulu kulo msebenzi obalulekile. Kulokhu, kuze kube ngonyaka ka-1689, udade wabo, uSofya Alekseevna, bathatha izintambo zikahulumeni. Ngemva kokufa komfowabo omdala ngo-1696, uPetru owokuqala waba ngu-tsar kuphela. Inkosi yaseRomanov ithole umuntu onguguquguquki oqinile, owavusa iRussia ngokoqobo "emilenzeni yaso emlenzeni".

Inqubomgomo yombusi wokuqala

Ngokuvamile, uPeter Alekseevich waqhubeka necebo likayise. Izikhungo ezindala zaqhekeka futhi zawa, futhi ezintsha zadalwa ngamanxiwa. Isikhathi sokubusa kwakhe yizo zonke izazi-mlando sibhekwa ngokuvumelana njengesikhathi esiyimpumelelo eRussia. Yile nkosi eyenza inqwaba yezinguquko ezinkulu ezithonya kahle ukuthuthukiswa kwezwe lakithi. Ubukhosi bukaPetru 1 kuya ku-1721 babizwa ngokuthi ubukhosi bobukhosi. Kodwa-ke, umcabango owawucatshangelwa ukuthi ungaphandle kwamanye amazwe kanye nasezindlini zasekhaya kaPeter Alekseevich waphendukela eRussia waba yizwe eliqine kakhulu phakathi kweYurophu, okwenza kube umbuso. Ubukhosi bombusi kusukela ngo-1721 kwaziwa ngokuthi umbusi.

Ifa lesihlalo sobukhosi

KuPetru 1 kwakukhona ingane eyodwa kuphela eyasinda eminyakeni encane. Babeyindodana ka-Emperor - Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. Kodwa-ke, yindlalifa yodwa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1718 isolwa ngokuphikisa izinguquko zikayise. UJuni 26 U-Alexei Petrovich wabulawa. Umndeni kaPetru 1 wawungekho nendlalifa eyindoda, okwamcindezela umbusi ukuba akhiphe isinqumo ngokulandelana kwesihlalo sobukhosi. Kulo dokhumenti, uPeter 1 wayenelungelo, ngokuqonda kwakhe, ukuba akhethe umlandeli, owayezoba umndeni womkhosi. Kodwa izinhlelo zeNkosi azizange zigcwaliseke: wafa, ngaphandle kokuqoka isahluko esisha. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umkakhe - uCatherine Alekseevna, owabusa kusukela ngo-1725 kuya ku-1727 - wenyuka esihlalweni sobukhosi. Indodana ka-Alexei Petrovich, uPeter II Alekseevich, yaba yinkosi entsha, kodwa ngo-1730 wafa. Lokhu kwakuwukuphela kobukhosi bukaPetru Omkhulu esizukulwaneni sesilisa.

Ukuqhubeka kohlobo

Ngemva kokufa kukaPeter II Alekseevich waqala ukubusa indodakazi ka-Ivan V, obizwa ngokuthi u-Anna Ivanovna. Ngo-1740, wafa, futhi isihlalo sobukhosi sakhuphuka okwesikhashana embusweni waseBraunschweig, sagunyazela u-Ivan VI Antonovich, owayengumshana womshana osemva.

Ummeli wokugcina wegazi we-genus

Ngo-1741, ibhodi lathuthela indodakazi kaPeter I- Elizabeth Petrovna Romanova, owayehlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi kuze kube ngu-1761. Ngokufa kwakhe (1761) ubukhosi bukaPetru Omkhulu buma emgqeni wesifazane. Abameli bayo abengeziwe babeyinzalo ye-Holstein-Gottorp, eyathatha igama elidumile nelalidumile lamaRomanovs.