Fedor Alekseevich Romanov. Phakathi nokubusa

Alexis kwaba kwande "ezithule" - kusuka imishado emibili waba nezingane 16. Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo zihlanganisa yokuthi ayikho amadodakazi ayisishiyagalolunye ungashadile, kanti abafana ababezalelwe umshado wokuqala nge Miloslavskaya, kwakubuhlungu kakhulu. Kuphela omunye wabo, u-Ivan V, kokuba bamangala bonke izifo (ephethwe yisifo sezinsini ukuba ukukhubazeka), yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-27. Waphenduka ubaba onamadodakazi amahlanu, esinye sazo asibiza - Anna - wabusa eRussia iminyaka 10.

Umuntu othile ewela

Native umdala umzalwane Ivan, uTheodore A., waphila ngokuvumelana ngokugcwele iminyaka engu-20, okuyinto azibonela yona inkosi zeminyaka 6 - kusukela 1676 kuya 1682. umshado wakhe wokuqala wazalelwa indodana, u-Ilya, owafa kanye unina ngokushesha nje ngemva kokubelethwa. Ifa wahlala, Ngakho-ke wathola isihlalo sobukhosi wabafowabo abancane - Ivan nonina uyise uPetru, umama wakhe kwaba Naryshkin. Waba umbusi omkhulu yeRussia.

Young kodwa kunqunywa inkosi

UTheodore A. yena kwakuyinselele eyizibulo sobukhosi kuze ngemuva kokushona kwakhe abafowabo ababili abadala - Dmitry (isakhasa) kanye Alex (engu-16).

Indlalifa kayise yenkosi wamemezela kuye ngo-1675, futhi ngemva konyaka eba inkosi. Fedor Alekseevich kwaba isihloko eside kakhulu, ngoba iRussia azikakwazi isimo esisodwa, futhi efakwe ohlwini yonke principalities khanates ngaphasi kwegunya layo.

Inkosi yathukuthela ingane. Ngokwemvelo, singaveli nalabo abafuna ukungena abaqeqeshi ashona. Nokho, abaningi asebeqedile "ngokuzithandela" hhayi ireferensi. Naryshkin Usingamama wadingiselwa wokuguqulwa kukaJesu isimo noPetru. Mhlawumbe ngenhlanhla? Phela, ukuPhila Guards ibutho Preobrazhensky zivela lezo zenzakalo. Maphakathi 1676 e isixhumanisi uthunyelwe futhi A. S. Matveev, isihlobo kayise, Russian "waseNtshonalanga" kuqala, sinegunya ngaphambilini cishe angenamkhawulo kuleli zwe.

Ikhono lemvelo kanye uthisha omkhulu

UTheodore A. kwaba onobuqambi o-creative - wabhala izinkondlo, zomculo ephethwe futhi bacula kahle, owayeyisazi art. Ngokusho besikhathi, e delirium esezokufa wayefunda inkumbulo Ovid. Akuwona wonke amakhosi, ezifayo, wakhumbula zabuna. Personality kusobala oluvelele.

Fedor waba nenhlanhla nathishela. USimeyoni ka Polotsk, Belarussian owazalelwa nesazi semfundiso yenkolo, elikhulu isibalo somphakathi yeRussia, wahlanganyela ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe. Ukuba umeluleki izingane zasebukhosini, akazange ashiye umsebenzi womphakathi nokulotshwa - eyasungulwa indlu ukuphrinta eMoscow, ivule isikole, ngabhala nenkondlo kanye nemidlalo, azibhala netinkondlo. UTheodore A. ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe elihunyushwe rhymed ezinye amahubo Psalter. Fedor Alekseevich Romanov wafundiswa kahle, wayazi Polish, zesiGreki nesiLatin. Ikakhulukazi onobhala bakhe eholwa Simeona Polotskogo yayilungiselela uhlobo Uhlolojikelele izenzakalo ngamazwe.

nabulungisa zomlando

Ngenxa yokuthi wokubusa kwakhe yaba ngeyesikhashana (akwanele ngenyanga seminyaka engu-6) kubemhloshana phakathi nenkathi elikhanyayo abalulekile (kubusa uyise wakhe, u-Alexei Mikhailovich "ezithule" futhi umfowabo uPetru mina Elikhulu), yena Fedor Alekseevich Romanov wahlala eNgophezukonke usithe . Futhi abameleli lwamakhosi abo hhayi ozibongayo. Nakuba ayenazo ingqondo intando ithalente. Yena ngiko wezinguquko enkulu futhi inverter, umbhali wokuqala yokwakha kabusha Russian. Futhi waba inkosi ukhohlwe.

Ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, wonke amandla bagxila kule izandla Miloslavskys kanye nabasizi babo. Fyodor III kwadingeka intando, kodwa ngoba esakhula, ukusunduza kubo ku ithunzi, kanye ukuletha abantu kuye akuyona yizicukuthwane kakhulu, kodwa smart, esebenzayo, bezentengiselwano - I. M. Yazykova futhi V. Golitsyna.

Tsar-wezinguquko

Yokubusa Fedor Alekseevich imakwe kugucuka abalulekile.
Wazalelwa 1661, kakade 1678 uyala ekuqaleni lokubalwa kwabantu futhi wethula kaZuma intela, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi uMgcinimafa ziqala ukumila. Qinisa isimo ngokusebenzisa toughening we ukuqedwa serfdom nomthelela isimemezelo kayise hhayi lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze umbaleki abalimi kuncike kokuthola kubo empini. Lawa kwakungamadodana kuphela izinyathelo kuqala. Yokubusa Fedor Alekseevich yabeka isisekelo ezinye kuthathwe ngu-Peter mina kabusha. Ngakho, ngo-1681, uchungechunge lwezenzakalo Owadala isisekelo bese uvumele Petra ukubamba kabusha yesifundazwe, futhi ngonyaka odlule yokuphila Fyodor III okulungiselelwe iphrojekthi, esekelwe okuyinto kaPetru "Uhlu Amazinga" zadalwa.

Umuntu wokuqala elinegama elifanayo emkhayeni Romanov kwaba Fedor Cat - omunye wokhokho ngqo lwamakhosi. Owesibili kwaba yilona Umbhishobhi Filaret (Feodor Nikitich Romanov). Esesithathu wayeyiNkosi Fedor Alekseevich Romanov - i ubuntu engavamile, eqinile futhi ngokungafanele athola ukhohlwe. Ngaphezu ezinzima esiwufuzo ehlupheka ekulimaleni - eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-13-ke ngesikhathi samaholidi washukumisela lo isihlibhi, okuyinto waxosha odade. Times babe ezinjalo - washona ngo umama nokubeletha nginakekela usana ukhwekhwe ikhambi kwakungenakwenzeka (wathatha uhlobo isifo), yasibamba esihlalweni ibhande le isihlibhi wasebukhosini cha. It kuvela umuntu nakanjani ukufa ekuseni nokungakwazi uqedele ukuguqulwa. Ngenxa yalokho, sikhohlwe ngalo, nenkazimulo waya abanye.

Konke igama lezwe

inqubomgomo Domestic Fedor Alekseevich yayihloselwe okuhle isimo, futhi ukuthuthukisa isimo esikhona wadinga unya futhi despotism.
Washintsha le Duma likwazi ukuhlalisa inani elandayo amalungu ayo ukuba abantu 99 (esikhundleni 66). I inkosi yakubeka umthwalo oyinhloko ezinqumweni zikahulumeni. Futhi kwaba nguye, hhayi uPetru, ngaqala ukuba akhale abantu abathobekile, kodwa abafundile asebenzayo, wakwazi ukukhonza ngenxa ezinhle kuleli zwe. Wabhubhisa simiso umphakathi izikhundla, encike ngqo kwi ukuhlonipheka imvelaphi. localism uhlelo lashabalala e 1682 ngqo emhlanganweni woMkhandlu wesiFundazwe. Lokho lo mthetho akazange ahlale kuphela ephepheni, Fyodor III ngaphambilini ekubhujisweni kwabo bonke bit yencwadi, okuyinto wavunyelwa ngokomthetho ukuthola izikhundla obulungu zamaKhosi. Lokhu waba unyaka wokugcina wokuphila kwakhe, inkosi engu-20 kuphela ubudala.

kabusha Wide isimo

Politika Fedora Alekseevicha iqondiswe lwehlise, uma ukuchitha unya lwezikhulu bemangalelwa ngamacala obugebengu nesijeziso. Yena waqeda ukugawulwa off izandla icala lokweba.

Ingabe kangifanele wonder ukwamukelwa Umthetho owenqabela okunethezeka? Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, sekunqunyiwe ku ukusungulwa the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba evulekile, futhi isikole zenkolo. Kuyini okurarako, uTheodore A. lokuqala luqala ukuba ameme othisha abavela phesheya. Ngisho aphuce intshebe nezinwele mfushane kwaba ngaphansi Tsar Feodor.

Iguqula uhlelo intela futhi apharathasi yempi. Izintela babe abalinganiselayo, kanye labantu waqala ukukhokha kubo ucishe njalo, ukugcwalisa igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini. Futhi, eziningi ngokumangalisayo, yena iphele amalungelo ebandleni, kungagcini kakhulu kokungenela yayo ezindabeni isimo nowezwe waqala inqubo ekucwileni ezikweletini kwayo esigungwini sabefundisi abakhulu. Funda futhi uyamangala ngoba konke lokhu neyaseNtshonalanga kanjani lokho uPetru! Ngokusobala, naphezu kwakho konke izingobe zasebukhosini, wayemthanda umfowabo omdala, ngakwazi ukuqonda kwaqala kabusha izinguquko futhi ngokwanele uziqede.

kabusha ukwakhiwa

inqubomgomo Feodor Alekseevich Romanov ihlanganisa zonke imikhakha yezomnotho kazwelonke. ukwakhiwa Active nokuhlobisa amathempeli nezakhiwo zomphakathi, kwakukhona izigodi entsha, emingceleni ezinezivikelo eziqinile, wasihlephula izingadi. Izandla okufinyelele uhlelo amapayipi we Kremlin. Kubafanele amazwi ekhethekile ekhaya, eklanyelwe ngomyalo wakhe, eziningi zazo isasekhona namuhla. UTheodore A. wakwazi kabusha cishe ngokuphelele eMoscow wokhuni itshe. Wanikeza Muscovites imali engenanzalo ukuze kwakhiwe emakamelweni ejwayelekile. Moscow sashintshwa phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ezakhiwa izinkulungwane zemizi, ngaleyo ndlela axazulula inkinga izindlu yenhloko-dolobha. Kwabanye kunzima wacasuka, inkosi usolwa ngokunukubeza kokusaphaza yengcebo. Nokho, uma Russia Fedor yaphenduka amandla ezinkulu, futhi inhliziyo yakhe, Red Square, isibe ubuso yezwe. Ukusetha kwaba engengaphansi isimanga - engumthengisi, abantu abafundile kusuka amagama ovamile wasebenza naye ngenkazimulo Russia. Lapha, uPetru ngalandela ezinyathelweni zakhe.

I zenqubomgomo angaphandle

kabusha kwangaphakathi inqubomgomo isimo angaphandle sigcwalisa futhi Fedor Alekseevich. Wayeke wazama ukubuyela ezweni lethu oLwandle iBaltic. Bakhchisarai ukuthula sivumelwano ngo 1681 abaseBrithani basithatha lesi Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine silibangise eRussia. Ngamtshela ukuthi imizi emithathu Kiev baba yingxenye Russia njengoba ekuseni njengoba 1678. South okuthunyelwe okusha wabonakala eduze edolobheni Izyum, ngakho iningi evundile ukuthi lebhalwe Russia - amakhilomitha square angaba yizinkulungwane 30 kuso futhi kwakhiwa ezinye izigodi entsha enikeziwe izicukuthwane ezazikhonze ibutho. Futhi kwaba nemiphumela emihle ngokuphelele - Russia nekazuzelwa aphakeme yakhe izinombolo kanye imishini yempi Turkish.

Lapho uTheodore A., hhayi ngaphansi uPetru, ngokusebenzisa ibutho asebenzayo njalo babekwa, ukwakha isimiso esisha ngokuphelele. regiments zadalwa Lefortovo futhi Butyrsky abangazange ekhashelwa ke uPetru Narva impi.

nihewule amahloni

Ofuna ukuphumela obala amahloni kokufaneleka yenkosi, ngoba uma ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala eRussia liye laphindeka kathathu. Enhloko-dolobha - ngehora lesihlanu. Imibhalo ibonisa ukuthi ngaphansi uTheodore A. Romanov izinkondlo yaqhakaza ngaphansi kwakhe, hhayi ngaso Lomonosov waqala ukuthatha ukuma ODE kuqala. Akunakwenzeka ukubala yokuthi wakwazi ukwenza inkosi esencane. Manje eziningi inkulumo mayelana sokunqoba kobulungisa zomlando. Bekungaba kuhle uma ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo ukuba ikhokhe intela enkosini, hhayi izinga izifushaniso, futhi ekhuthaza igama lakhe amakhasi omlando izincwadi, ukuba konke kusuka ebuntwaneni wazi ngalokho kwaba umbusi omkhulu.