Streletsky ukuvukela (1682): izimbangela, imiphumela

Ngo 1682, abacibisheli eMoscow BakaJehova baye okuhleliwe isiphithiphithi, okuholela amandla UZandile A. - omdala izikhulu abasha Ivan noPetru. Lokhu ukuvukela kwaphawulwa eziningi zokubulala boyars nezikhulu.

izimfanelo

Famous strelets kokuhlubuka kwase-1682 kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama-ke sidalwe emashalofini kohlelo olusha, okuyinto kakhulu ushintshe oda yempi. Ngaphambi abacibisheli babe umgogodla impi, amayunithi yayo elite. Njengoba sekunama-the regiments sokupheleliswa kwezinto empeleni yaphenduka unogada edolobheni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi nje kokuba iholo kwavukelwa streltsi banika okungajwayelekile ngenxa yengcebo awunalutho. Kube kule stratum futhi hazing lapho izinduna igcinwe amaholo ababeholwa futhi bahlukunyezwe ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga ngesikhundla yabo. Konke lokhu wadala ukungezwani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi-ke kwadingeka ukuba ujike ku umbhikisho evulekile. Konke okwakunikelwe kwesondlo kulesikhungo - ngezinye izikhathi zangaphandle. Wafumanana.

indlalifa inkinga

April 27, 1682, wafa esemncane yinkosi uTheodore A .. ukufa kwakhe kwaholela ukudideka dynastic. Ngesikhathi oshonile cha fanele ntwana. Throne okufanele idlule komunye wabafowabo abancane - amadodana ka-Alexei Mikhailovich. Ivan noPetru babephakathi namanje ingane. Ngu isiko, esihlalweni sobukhosi bekumele uthole owokuqala. Nokho, u-Ivan eseyingane bexhwalile, futhi ezibiyele babekholelwa ukuthi wayezokufa ekuseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazalwane uyise omama ezahlukene, kulandele emi imibango Knights alwayo. Lapha kule isizinda zezombusazwe edidayo wathatha uthuli strelets 1682.

Umama ka-Ivan eyishumi nesithupha kwaba Maria Miloslavskaya - kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu umndeni ephezulu ozalwa futhi enamandla. Washona phambi komyeni wakhe, ngakho kwakunabazalwane omalume nezinye izihlobo ngemuva ingane. Ngonyaka-Ten uPetru iyindodana Natalia Naryshkin. Streletsky ukuvukela 1682 kwakubangelwa udweshu phakathi imindeni emibili lapho ukhetha senkosi entsha.

Tsarevich Petr

Ngokomthetho, indlalifa kwaba ukunquma Boyar Duma. Esekhokha ukuthi kakade ukufa uTheodore A. yayilungiselela ngithi goodbye ekuphileni. Ezicukuthwaneni wakhetha uPetru. Lo mfana kwaba impilo umzalwana wabo, okusho ukuthi abalandeli bakhe babengeke banovalo ngekusasa yabo uma kwenzeka enye lezivakashi amandla ushintsho.

Omunye umlingisi lomcoka endzabeni wayengudadewabo omdala ka-Ivan noPetru Sophie Alekseevna. It wayengadlali owaqala Musketeers ukuhlubuka. Princess kwaba ngonyaka 25 th, yena wayeyindoda esikhulile nge ezinkulu. UZandile wafuna ukudonsa ngamandla ingubo ngakuyena. Kwenze wayezothola, kuqala, nge anganeliseki ngesikhundla sabo abacibisheli, futhi okwesibili, ngenxa ukusekelwa labo ababencishwe amathuba ngaphambilini Duma Miloslavskys. Princess futhi wencike izikhulu ezinamandla Ivana Hovanskogo futhi Vasily Golitsyn. La madoda omkhulu nawo neze ukuphakanyiswa ujabule Naryshkins ongaphakeme kuzalwa.

Ukungahlaliseki eMoscow

Ngokushesha nje ngemva ngesinqumo sesiKhulu Boyar Duma kukhethwa owalandela eMoscow aqala ukusakaza amahemuhemu mayelana sokwephulwa kwe oluzayo ngenxa yabacibishelayo. Lezi zingxoxo zisekelwa inethiwekhi ebanzi abasekeli Miloslavskys. Streletsky ukuvukela 1682 kwaba ngenxa yokuduma omkhulu emabuthweni ahlomile. Amacala yokungalaleli abaphathi siqu.

Amaviki amabili e-dolobha, isimo sishubile kakhulu futhi akuqinisekile. Ekugcineni ngo-May 15 wasondela UZandile waqala ukwenza okwengeziwe esiwujuqu. Ivan Miloslavsky noPetru UTolstoy waya Musketeers District futhi kukhona abacibisheli esidlangalaleni waqala ukubiza le ezibiyele, kusolakala ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi Naryshkin wabulala usana Tsarevich Ivan. Kwafika isixuku sabantu ahlomile empeleni waya emakamelweni inkosi sika. Elapho, wabe afuna ukuba lezi boyars ababemelene UZandile futhi Miloslavskys nalabo zinecala ngokufa kwengane.

Disaffected sihlangabezane Queen Natalia Naryshkin. Ukufunda imbangela yokungezwani, uye waholela kompheme lwesigodlo Ivan noPetru, okubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi izingane kulungile. Izizathu Musketeers uthuli sasihlanganisa amahemuhemu okuye alikaqinisekiswa. Ngakho, isenzo okungagunyaziwe Ungasavele njengesinikeziwe ukuvukela umbuso.

Qala zokuchitha igazi

Isimo ezibiyele safinyelela ukuvala abacaphuni. Isixuku wayengazange bahlakazeka, lapho kuvulandi efanayo resurfaced Naryshkins umsekeli Boyar Mikhail Dolgorukov. Lokhu wohlanga olukhulu amemeza ngesikhathi Musketeers, zithi uvukela umbuso futhi esesongelwa eziphuthumayo. Ngawo lowo mzuzwana ukuyaluza abahlomileyo ekugcineni bamthola umuntu owayezothatha uzokhukhula intukuthelo yakhe. Dolgorukova ngisuka kompheme kwesokudla imikhonto ka amasosha imi phansi. Ngakho igazi lokuqala elachithwa.

Manje kwakukhona ndawo ashona. Ngakho-ke, izenzakalo uthuli Musketeers zenzeka ngokushesha, futhi ngisho abagqugquzeli nezinsolo yezinxushunxushu ukusakaza amahebezi angamanga okuthi ayekile ukulawula isimo. Ezihlubukini asebenzelana ngayo nezinye Naryshkins eseduzane, kuhlanganise umholi party yabo Artamonov Matveev. Ngo esigodlweni Indlovukazi amasosha wagwazwa umfowabo Athanasius. Ukubulawa yaqhubeka usuku lonke. Abacibisheli olawule Kremlin. Ukuqala kanye Imiphumela izigodlo namagumbi esiqashwe amavukelambuso. Eqinisweni, umkhaya wasebukhosini baba abathunjwa.

Ingcindezelo ngokumelene Naryshkins

strelets Okokuqala ukuvukela kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise nezinxushunxushu ephelele emzini. Amandla sasishwabene. Ezihlubukini ngentshiseko ngokukhethekile wafuna omunye umfowabo Queen - Ivan Naryshkin. Ngosuku wokuchithwa kwegazi, alibeke ngasesitha Emakamelweni angaphakathi amakhosi abo, ngaleyo ndlela ngasinda. Nokho, kamuva ngosuku abacibisheli yabuyela ezibiyele zabuzwa ukukhululwa Ivana Kirillovicha. Kungenjalo, bathembisa uhlele nezinxushunxushu ngaphezulu.

Natali Naryshkin waba manqikanqika. UZandile Alekseevna mathupha wamphoqa futhi wayichaza wokuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugwema nezinxushunxushu olwengeziwe. Ivan yakhishwa. Yena wahlushwa futhi ibulawa. Uyise ka-Ivan kanye Natalia - usekhulile futhi uyagula uCyril Naryshkin - wathunyelwa esigodlweni sezindela.

Ukukhokhwa kwamaholo Musketeers

Udlame e Moscow owathatha izinsuku ezintathu. Enye yezintambo zokugcina ezinkulu izisulu ukwesaba baba ngemuva Ganden - udokotela angaphandle, badonsekela Fedor Alekseevich. Sagittarians baye bammangalela ushevu inkosi futhi abulawe. Ukubulawa kwenzeke naphezu ukuncenga yowesifazana umfelokazi, oshonile ingamthinti kudokotela. Tsarina Marfa wabonisa ukuthi lo wezizwe mathupha uzame wonke imithi kukhishelwa Fedor. Lesi sibonelo sikhombisa ukuthi isigelekeqe esinonya futhi abayizimpumputhe kwaba strelets ukuhlubuka. UZandile ngesikhathi esifanayo babenza konke okusemandleni ukuze athole ukwakha isizinda kuleli amandla.

Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba kufike amavukela-mbuso futhi uhulumeni baqala ukuxoxa Ngokuzayo zezombusazwe yezwe, lezi zihlubuki ngo-May 19 weza inkosi ezincane ugwayi katiki. Abacibishelayo bafuna ukukhokhelwa kwawo wonke amaholo imisiwe. Ngokusho izibalo zabo, yengcebo kwadingeka bakhokhe ama-ruble ayizigidi 240. Ngalezo zinsuku kwaba isamba cwe. Uhulumeni imali nje wayengekho lapho. Khona-ke, isinyathelo wathatha uSophia, okuyinto ngokomthetho namanje engenalo nelincane igunya, ngaphambilini ukwandisa kanye nentela yelevi esifundazweni bese uqale elicibilikile ezibiyele amagugu.

ezimbili isikhulu

Ngokushesha wathola izimo ezintsha, okwaholela strelets ukuhlubuka. Kafushane ukuhlola isimo, uSophia lihlukaniswe abacibisheli zonke ukuthi zifune ukuqondiswa bona amandla langempela. Kwakubukeka kanje. Kwangathi 23 ababhikishi sebefake sicelosikhalo egameni uPetru, okuyinto waphikelela ngokuthi yinkosi yesibili kwaba umfowabo u-Ivan. Ngemva kwesonto, le nhlanganisela iye yaqhubeka. Sagittarians futhi anikwa ukwenza UZandile Alekseevnu ibamba ngenxa ebuntwaneni co-ababusi.

Boyar Duma Metropolitan wavumelana lezi zinguquko. Kukhethwa abazange babe, njengoba izakhamuzi ezibiyele sika yayisalokhu iqhutshelwa kalowo ngamabutho. Wedding emcimbini Ivan V noPetru mina ngoJuni 25 at kweNyuka Cathedral. Yena asonga imiphumela Musketeers uthuli - amandla salandelwa kuleli zwe. Kunalokho, ematheni Russian Prince UPetru wayenenye co-ababusi-izingane ezimbili. Amandla langempela kwaba ezandleni udadewabo omdala UZandile Alekseevna.

Khovanshchina

Imicimbi emva Musketeers uthuli 1682 isikhashana ukuyaluza eMoscow. Lapho UZandile liqala ukubusa, uye waqoka inhloko ukwakheka wezempi Ivana Hovanskogo. Indlovukazi wayebala osizweni lwakhe ekudambiseni yabacibishelayo. Indlovukazi esesabela Isiphelo sakhe. Wayengafuni ukuba abe isisulu yokuhlubuka.

Nokho Khovanskii babengamaphesenti hhayi lesikahle lesi sikhundla esibalulekile. Prince hhayi kuphela wawungaphansi Musketeers e izimfuno zabo, kodwa wayesesendaweni ingcindezi ku Sofia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha elapha ezibiyele, echaza isinyathelo sakhe isidingo sokuvikela esigodlweni. Lokhu esifushane Kudume ukhunjulwa ngokuthi "Khovanshchina".

Old Amakholwa injabulo

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kunesinye isici esisha ku nokuphikiswa Musketeers futhi kuhulumeni. Ziba Amakholwa. Lokhu inhlangano yenkolo yehlukana Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia phakathi nokubusa Alexei Mikhailovich. Ingxabano kwabangelwa izinguquko ka uMphathi weSonto Nikon, ezithinta okushiwo emikhosini zobuKristu ezibalulekile. Isonto schismatics waqaphela futhi ukuthi bayizihlubuki wasiphosela emaphethelweni lizwe eSiberia.

Manje njengoba uthuli senzeka e Moscow, Old Amakholwa waphinde enhlokodolobha. Bona wacela usizo Khovanskii. Esikhathini ezibiyele, waqala ukuvikela umbono isidingo ingxabano zenkolo phakathi abasekeli Amakholwa Old nebandla olusemthethweni. nenkulumo-mpikiswano ezinjalo wathatha ngempela indawo. Nokho, lesi senzakalo yaphela nezibhelu njalo. Manje umthombo zezinxushunxushu baba abavamile.

Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona okunye ukungqubuzana phakathi Sofya futhi Khovanskii. Indlovukazi waphikelela ngokuthi isidingo ukubuswa ku Amakholwa Old. Ekugcineni, abanye abaholi babo ziye zabulawa, nakuba Khovanskiy yibhange kubo nokuvikeleka. Esaba ekujezisweni konke okwakufunwa yiziphathimandla, abacibisheli bavumile aqaphele abangobhongoza schismatic for kokuhlubuka kwase esilandelayo.

Ukuhambisa egcekeni

Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo ubudlelwano Old Amakholwa phakathi Sofia no-Ivan Alekseevnoj Khovanskii ekugcineni sawohloka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo neziphathimandla uqhubeke esimweni sokuncika ngenxa yabacibishelayo. Khona ibamba abuthela uquqaba egcekeni futhi sasigijima kuye ngaphandle kwedolobha. Kwathi 19 Agasti.

Ngalolo suku, e emaphethelweni eMoscow kuhlelwe udwendwe. Sofia wasebenzisa leli ibhaxa bahoxe abacibisheli esifundazweni. Njengoba kwakuthatha futhi tsarevitches. UMbusi kungaba abize abezempi ezihloniphekayo, elaliyoba ibutho elisha uyakwazi ukuvikela amandla abacibisheli angesiwo agcwele. Yard ngasese yayiswa kahle ebiyelweyo Holy Trinity Monastery.

Sagittarians babeka phansi izikhali

Ayikwazanga esihambisana naye mayelana nalesi amandla iqhinga ukuza entsha strelets kuvukela? Izimbangela Nezingozi imiphumela igazi lokuqala basayikhumbula kahle Sofia, wanquma ukuqeda lokhu usongo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakungenzeka lokhu saba khona, futhi wafuna ukumisa kusengaphambili wakhe.

Khovanskiy ukuze ufunde mayelana indiza langempela ibamba nezikhulu nganquma ukuya ngqo UZandile ukuthi ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo ukuxazulula lolo dweshu. Endleleni wama Pushkin, lapho lathunjwa iziphathimandla izikhonzi ezithembekile. Ngobusuku esifanayo, 17 Septhemba, wabulawa ngamacala ukuhlela umbuso. Khovanshchina iphelile.

kwenzeka zokuchitha igazi Okwesibili. Sagittarians ufunde mayelana nokufa okuyihlazo komholi walo, abangu demoralized. Bona lacela umaluju, usule Kremlin. Esikhundleni isiKhulu amabutho Strelets wamiswa umabhalane umkhandlu Fedor Shaklovity. Waqala recreating kulezi izingxenye ngekubayala nangekubacondzisa oda. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-16 Abacibishelayo futhi wavukela, kakade phakathi nokubusa uPetru mina, ngemva bekene becindezela ngokuphelele, lamakhosi nempi yawo yahlakazeka.