Bobani Gauls eRoma yasendulo?

Ukuze uqonde ngobani Gauls, kwanele ukuba ubheke ebandla emlandweni waseYurophu lasendulo. Lezi izizwe wahlala endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi France e V-mina eminyaka. BC. e. Ngu umsuka babengamaqhawe amaCelt, okubenza babe ne-ke abanikazi UK nase-Ireland. I Gauls abangu eyanqotshwa amaRoma, noma kunalokho, Yuliem Tsezarem. Khona-ke kancane kancane Romanized futhi walahlekelwa nezimpande zawo phansi.

umsuka

AmaCeltic - lokho ngobani Gauls ngomqondo ebanzi uhlanga lwabo. Ukuba yingxenye amasiko ezivamile wamaqaba yeYurophu kuya enyakatho eRoma bona, kwadingeka zonke izici isici leli qembu. Gauls njengesizwe kwakheka BC VII leminyaka. e. esifundeni phakathi Rhine kanye Upper iDanube. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bagcina emazweni asentshonalanga futhi sazinza banamuhla France.

I IV ekhulwini BC. e. Gauls wenza imikhankaso eziningana nodlame olubhekiswe omakhelwane babo. Ngonyaka 397 BC. e. bahlasela Etruscans, ahlala lomfula Po, futhi 390 BC. e. bahlasela ngisho eRoma, nakuba umzamo wabo umuzi, kushabalele. Umhleli noMphefumleli yomkhankaso e-Italy wayebhekene umholi Brennus.

Rise and Fall

Empumalanga, esifundeni yokuhlala LabeZizwe safinyelela yaseBohemia iDanube. Ngo III ekhulwini BC. e. alwa Macedonia, buthaka emva uchungechunge izimpi zombango. Bobani Gauls? Bamangala nalapho amasosha ezibalulekile. amasevisi abo esetshenziswa waseCarthage jikelele uHannibal iminyaka eminingi walwa emelene Republic wamaRoma. I Gauls baba nendima enkulu impumelelo ibutho ZabaseCarthage e Battle of Cannae e 216 BC. e.

Izimbali yaleli qembu bawela izizwe III ekhulwini BC. e. Ngesikhathi isimemo umbusi waseBhithiniya Nicomedes mina we Gauls, ngisho ngathuthela e-Asia Minor. Zafika lapho, zatholana seyaziwa ngokuthi amabhisikidi, eyasungulwa isimo omusha obizwa ngokuthi yeGalathiya. Phakathi II ekhulwini BC. e. AmaCeltic baqala ukuhlupheka ukunqotshwa by omakhelwane babo. buhlungu double ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka eGaul. Kolunye uhlangothi amaRoma ekugcineni enqoba yesimanje eningizimu yeFrance. Kukhona isifundazwe entsha republic of Narbonne eGaul yadalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi on the amaCelt, enyakatho nasempumalanga ehlaselwa izizwe German (Teutons futhi Cimbrians). Bashisa ezolile phambi eGaul. Kancane kancane, amaCelt babexoshwa eYurophu Ephakathi naseJalimane.

ukuphendula

Yingozi Gauls kwaba ukunqotshwa ekulweni amaRoma eminyakeni 59-51. BC. e. Army weRiphabhulikhi elaliholwa Yuliy Tsezar. Umkhuzi benqoba zonke eGaul wakwenza kwaba ingxenye isimo esisodwa. Nokho, uKhesari waqaphela ukuthi lo rush kuya sokunqoba kokugcina ngeke kukusize ngalutho kuso. Okokuqala, eGaul akazange ngokushesha waba isifundazwe saseRoma. Okwesibili, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu izizwe zakwa wathola isimo sizana of republic, noma abantu nje mahhala. Yilokho ngobani Gauls eRoma yasendulo.

Inqubo isiroma kwaba kancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wabiza izintela ezimba iphansana nokubuthelwa ngokuba Gauls. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukushweleza amaCelt ukuvimbela zabhikisha ahlomile. Kodwa akazange asijabulele ukubuswa amaRoma zisabalulekile. Ekhulwini mina eGaul waphula olwathatha eziningana. Nokho, babengaliqondi iqhutshwe ngamaqembu amancane noma ayebandlululwa noma ngehlazo lempi nokuthi kwakungafanele jikelele uhlamvu kazwelonke. Gaelic ekugcineni wafa cishe ngekhulu VI. It esikhundleni Latin ezikhulunywayo, elaba kwandulela French yesimanje.

Ubugqila ukuze eGaul

Ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo ukuthi angobani la galls, kubalulekile ukubheka isakhiwo yomphakathi wakubo. Njengezinye izizwe eziningi zasendulo, bona zahlukaniswa amadoda khulula nezigqila. isikhundla sabo sasifana nesama okwakusemzini izinceku iMedithera. Namuhla, izinto enokwethenjelwa kakhulu phezu galls eziqukethwe amanothi lomthumbi Yuliya Tsezarya. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi wacishe akazange ukuchaza ubudlelwane babantu khulula nezigqila, njengoba lezi oda zazifana wamaRoma.

Lapho befa wohlanga olukhulu, ku ethuneni fresh ashisiwe izinceku zakhe. Izigqila kulesisizwe bekulokhu obuncani, njengoba iningi kwezinye iziboshwa ezazikanye bawahlabela onkulunkulu bamaqaba, ayengamakhulu iqembu eyinhloko wezinceku wathatha entsha.

Yazi nokuthi umpofu

labantu Mahhala ka eGaul lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu amathathu: druids (abapristi) bazi nabantu abavamile. Esigabeni yezwe umphakathi wayengekho phakathi. INhlangano yayisisebenzisa kakhulu wakubo ngokuvumelana inhlalakahle yabo. Inzuzo kuphela abantu elula babe abalimi abampofu eziningi yakhe. Ezinye izindaba zika-isimo sabo saphela okuningi okufanele oyifunayo.

Bobani Gauls ubuzwe? Bakhandwa le amaCelt, imiyalo yabo kazwelonke babe yokuthi abantu abavamile kukuthinte nezindaba zomphakathi, ngokungafani kuya Roma efanayo, lapho kwakukhona tikhungo tentsandvo yelinyenti. Ayikwazi ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo abavamile balandela ukusekelwa umuntu ihloniphekile futhi iletha empeleni bawa izigqila.

isinyathelo okunjalo kungenza push izikweletu eGaul, kobukhulu izintela, kanye nokuhlukumeza abanye nabo zasebukhosini. abavamile Mahhala kungenzeka sibe izigqila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikheshi nomphakathi umsebenzi wezempi phambi kwabo kwaba ihlale ivulekile. Anamandla futhi ubuqhawe ngokuvamile alizange livunyelwe ukuba libuyele inkululeko kuphela, kodwa futhi abe ingxenye yezikhulu. Abantu babebaleka abakhulu umkhandlu, eyakhiwa abamele imindeni ovelele nezinethonya.

Ibutho Gauls

Ngesisekelo ibutho gallic kwaba nalawo agibela amahhashi. AmaCeltic belahla ukusetshenziswa izinqola. Isevisi kula mabutho endabeni ukuvelela, kwamane kwaphumela ekuweni kwabo amalungu elibusisekile umphakathi. Ukuzama ukuchaza ngobani Gauls futhi Thracians nezinye izizwe eziningi zasendulo, izazi-mlando ngokuvamile abhekisela ku-ukuhlaziywa wezempi. Kuyinto lifana ncamashi umphakathi. Bathandekayo amacebo abakhwele amahhashi abangu kuhlasela okusheshayo bamkhulumela sivale izikhala phakathi nabagibeli. Izitha zivame eningawugcinanga inhloko Friend nobumbene enjalo babaleka.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, elihamba gallic alwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho isandla iye kwesinye. I Melee lase lithengwe isihlangu, owawusedolobheni ekhanda isakhiwo obukhulu ukuhlaselwa ukucabangisisa imicibisholo sokudubula. Bobani Gauls, futhi lapho behlala? Imizana yabo besakazeke kulo lonke France yesimanje kanye Belgium. Lapho uya izidlamlilo uma izimpi ezinkulu (isibonelo, endabeni amaRoma kuhlasela), kule impi akuzona kuphela abameleli ezindaweni ezindawo ezahlukene kanye amakilasi social, kodwa futhi abantu ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukufuya ubuciko amasosha. Njengomthetho, aba maningi ibutho kuswelekile kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinqolobane, kancane professional kwaba elihamba yakhe.

ukubukeka

Ukungabi kolwazi okunokwethenjelwa kuye kwaholela iqiniso lokuthi isiko lanamuhla kwamiswa ngendlela ezivamile eGaul, okungadingi njalo uqondane iqiniso ngokomlando. Ngokwesibonelo, lezi angabeZizwe (kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi) ifanekiselwa abantu abade onezinwele ezimhlophe. Lezi zimpawu evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke northerners European. Ngala zici nazo enamathiselwe zamaJalimane kanye zaseScandinavia.

Kodwa ibaphi Gauls, nokuthi yini olufana? izinsalela lwamathambo eziye zatholwa abavubukuli esizeni yokupaka, ukubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka zabo ezingokwenyama kwakuhluke kakhulu. I Gauls zazingavumelani ngempela kuphela ubude futhi engenzeleli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abalobi wasendulo washo lokhu kwakuwumkhuba wabo jikelele ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokuhlanzeka eyabo.

Ngokuyinhloko, Gauls kwadingeka izinwele ezinde (kuhlanganise indoda), basuke ngamanzi lime (okuyinto ngenhlanhla kwaholela kancane siphungule Shag). bona alithanda zonke izinhlobo izindevu futhi amadevu. Ngokuvamile izesekeli like namasongo imigexo. Gauls izicathulo babe ematheni lokhuni. Evumelana usizo ezahlukene futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, kusukela lezi angabeZizwe ngobuciko nekhono esikhiqiza kwezicubu.

inkolo

Ukuqonda indawo kwemvelo emphilweni kwabezizwe kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi ubani lo Gauls. Life kanye inkolo yalesi sizwe ziye eduze munye. Ingxenye esibalulekile okholweni we Gauls kwadingeka cult bemvelo. Funda izihlahla, amahlathi, izitshalo imilingo. AmaCeltic bakhuleka amanzi - iziphethu, imifula, amachibi, imifula kanye nezilwandle. I Gauls ayekholelwa ebukhoneni neziphethu futhi wacabanga ngale ndawo, kufihlwe ekukhukhumaleni ezijulile, ungcwele.

Bobani Gauls eRoma yasendulo futhi lapho behlala, izazi-mlando zanamuhla ukwazi kuphela ngokusebenzisa ulwazi kusele izingxenyana nje ze. Kuyefana nasendleleni inkolo. Ulwazi mayelana izinkolelo yakhipha phakathi Gauls ngokuphinda alande ngomlomo. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokufa impucuko abashiyanga mibhalo inkolo amaqaba.

Druids

Class wabapristi babengafani Gauls izizwe, njenge-abantu abaningi endala. Nokho, kwaba abapristi izici alandisa. Okokuqala, isihloko yabo yayingaxhomekile ngofuzo, kumele it zuza ngokujulile ulwazi yokholo lwabo siqu. Okwesibili, Druids kwakungafanele kwabapristi kuphela. Benza njengabahluleli, abelaphi futhi izazi zezinkanyezi.

Ngo imikhuba yabo abapristi esetshenziswa Mistletoe. Kukholakala ukuthi le ehlathini anezakhi imilingo. Mistletoe lalisetshenziswa imithi kanye wawenzela inkatho, futhi ukubikezela ikusasa. Druids baye zazenza imihlatshelo. Ukuze emikhosini esinjalo esasenziwe "The Wicker Man" - iseli ifomu zomzimba womuntu, kulo abantu abashone ngezinhloso isiko. Lokhu ukwakha owenziwe Ababazi bakha. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Druids zazisekhona amazimuzimu.