Izimbangela empini Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) Futhi nemiphumela yaso

izimbangela eziningi empini Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) Kwaholela ekuqaleni zinqobe phakathi imibuso emibili ku iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan. Wayefanele unemixhantela izizwe lenqaba esifundeni.

ngxabano zisetshenziswa

Uma ucabangela izimbangela impi Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.), Kumele ukuthi ukungqubuzana la mandla ezimbili esemdala kangaka futhi ezijulile ukuthi zonke ngxabano njalo ahlomile waba ukuqhubeka esinengqondo ye umbango eminyaka ubudala naphakathi kwenkosi Sultan. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ekhulwini XVII, lezi uthi babe umngcele ezivamile, bahlalele alwa phezu komhlaba kanye nemithombo.

Kulesi umbango Turkey yanqotshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, enika Romanov isifundazwe entsha - .. asemaqeleni Ukraine, i-ubukhulu eMoldavia njll okuhlukile e neMpi YaseCrimea 1853-1856, lapho uMbuso WaseTurkey asekelwe obala amandla Western Europe, niyesabe oluqinisayo ngokweqile yeRussia. . Nicholas ngafa kwesikhathi ngezindlela eziningi ezivela inhlokomo okungokomzwelo okuhlobene ukunqotshwa yawo yezempi.

Indodana yenkosi oshonile, u-Alexander II wakwazi ukuqeda impi ngosizo imizamo ezinkulukazi zamanxusa, kwenzekani ezivuna ezinkulu ukuze umfelandawonye isitha. Kodwa ngisho iSivumelwano 1856 wabanika isiqiniseko sokuthi igazi ngeke uphinde uqale. Izimbangela empini Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) U-Alexander kamuva futhi wenza iminyaka eminingi ukuya ngxabano ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Ukucindezelwa lwamaSlav Balkan

Ngemva kokuphela iMpi YaseCrimea, kwelinye amaphuzu Paris Ukuthula Treaty, Turkey uqinisekisa ukulingana sabantu namaKristu yezwe. Kwakungesinye kuwukuphikisana acute kakhulu phakathi koMbuso WaseTurkey futhi lonke elaseYurophu.

I-Turks babe amaSulumane, kodwa ezindaweni Balkan isimo wahlala iningi Slavic - namaSerbia, eCroatia, eMontenegro futhi baseBulgaria. Bonke laba bantu zizibiza ngamaKristu. Ngakho, le mpi phakathi kwawo isizwe titular egqoka hhayi kuphela uhlamvu kazwelonke, kodwa futhi confessional.

Izimbangela empini Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) Ingabe ngokuqondile isikhundla ngokungalingani le baseBulgaria. Bonke abantu Balkan Slavic sabuka yinkosi Petersburg njengoba welungelo izithakazelo zayo njalo futhi ngicela usizo lwakhe.

Asinakusho ukuthi Sultan nakuhulumeni wakhe ayesezithendeni udlame olubhekiswe amaKristu. Nokho, isimo uye wabhekana ezimpini ezinjalo ngaphakathi ezweni ngokusebenzisa iminwe yakhe futhi akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa amaSulumane bacindezele baseBulgaria nezinye anabambalwa ngokohlanga.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX kusuka Turkey "ukuhlukanisa" Greece. Izwe ithola uzibuse kwalo ngemva kweminyaka engu empi wezimpi ezalandela. Kodwa ngo emashumini eminyaka alandela yoMbuso WaseTurkey baqhubekile nokulawula ukutheleka kwabantu ezindaweni ezithile lapho basekhona amaGreki wahlala.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-the 1860s esiqhingini saseKrethe kwakusho ukukhululeka lokho kuvukela, okuyinto ngesihluku ukuyiveza. Ngakho, izimbangela zezinkumbulo empini Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878. Ihlala ngokungenaphutha yokuthi uMbuso WaseTurkey lalingekho emikhawulweni sangaphambilini, kuyilapho ayelidelela amalungelo kwezizwe eziningi Balkan.

Ukuhileleka Gorchakov sika

U-Alexander II, waba yinkosi lapho Russia ilahlekelwe iMpi YaseCrimea. Wayefanele ukuya ezweni okungekuhle. Nakuba izwe akalilahlile indawo, oLwandle Olumnyama imikhumbi labhujiswa, waphika ngokuvumelana inkontileka. Ukuze Petersburg lesi simo kwakuthobisa. Umbusi abasha abaqashwe okuthunyelwe UNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle wazibonela ohlakaniphile Alexander Gorchakov. Izazi-mlando eziningi ambheka njengomfundisi wawo "grey cardinal" inqubomgomo Russian angaphandle kwenkathi.

I Tsar futhi Gorchakov waqala ukulungiselela for ngenakugwemeka eziya ziba zimbi of ubudlelwano ne yoMbuso WaseTurkey kanye nempi ezayo. ERussia, ngesikhathi ukuthula isidlulile kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi: ukwenqaba serfdom, izinguquko emasotjeni emnothweni. Konke lokhu izinyathelo kuhlanganise kufanele zisize nesimanje yasekhaya amabutho ahlomile.

Prussia Union

Ngemva kwemibuso yaseYurophu obala asekelwe Turkey eMpini YaseCrimea, elidala enobudlelwane nabo yayingasekho nhlobo indlela yokubaleka. Ally kuphela Petersburg baba Berlin. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-King of Prussia ngokushesha united eJalimane, Efisa ukwakha umbuso owodwa kazwelonke. Imbangi yakhe kwaba Austria. Habsburg lwamakhosi, futhi iye yakhipha e Vienna, futhi ufune ubunye eJalimane ngaphansi umyalo wakhe, kodwa wahlulwa emzabalazweni ngokumelene Hohenzollern.

Ngo-1870, Prussia wahlulwa France e Impi Ye-Alsace kanye Lorraine. Le mpumelelo eye wavumela iNkosi yasePrussia ukumemezela ukudalwa of the Empire, isiJalimane, okuyinto sihlanganisa eziningi ubukhulu encane German. France wayengomunye walaba guarantors ubuqotho ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Russia nase eJalimane baye bayibuza umfela zamanxusa, efuna ukuphoqa Paris ukulahla ukuzibophezela kwabo Sultan. Loluhlelo wasebenza ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia seliphinde iwine ilungelo ukwakha imikhumbi e oLwandle Olumnyama.

kokubhikisha kwango Bulgarian

Ngokushesha osomaqhinga Russian ithole Blanche Carte iphikisana ne ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. isizinda athintekayo, izizathu empini Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.), Kanye isivumelwano kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Ngaleso sikhathi kazwelonke wenkululeko ukuvukelwa Bulgaria.

Janissaries kanzima asebenzelana asigcini nje ngokulalela okushiwoyo nabezempi, kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi. Lokhu kuyisizathu esenza ukuba kube iMpi Russian-Turkish (1877-1878). Imiphumela kwavukelwa abathintekayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Russia iqale impi ngo-yoMbuso WaseTurkey, wasekela baseBulgaria Orthodox owabuza usizo enkosini. Kule minyaka emibili edlule kwi lomfula iDanube wahambe kwegazi phakathi kwamaqembu kulawa mazwe.

umphumela ukungqubuzana

Ukwazi iziphi izizathu empini Russian-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.), Ungakwazi kalula ukuqagela ukuthi iphelile. Ibutho u-Alexander II wahlasela amaSulumane futhi wamesabisa ngokuthi Istanbul. Sultan kwadingeka iphendukele zezombusazwe.

Ngo-1878 San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano sasayinwa. Ngokusho kwakhe, Romania, iSerbia neMontenegro baba uthi ezimele. BaseBulgaria Uthole ukuzimela ezibanzi. Ngokushesha, de empeleni waba, nabo bephuma engaphansi kwe Istanbul. Russia ehlanganyela eBessarabia futhi Kars esifundeni eNingizimu eCaucasus.