Lapho etholakala Emirate laseGranada?

Iberia Peninsula - isikhala lezizwe ezihlukahlukene amaningi lapho ngokuthula ukuhlangana uthi ezimbili ezinkulu yesimanje European - eSpain nasePortugal. Lezi yizindawo colorful kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ngokuya abomdabu, kodwa loke nje lidume ngokuthunga izinhlelo zayo zemvelo. Umlando eminyaka ubudala ushiye izibazi yayo izakhiwo kanye ezingqondweni izakhamuzi.

Rise and Fall

Lapho etholakala Emirate laseGranada? Granada umuzi ngokwawo itholakala khona phansi zokhahlamba lwaseSierra Nevada, ngohlangothi esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. Ingxenye Emaphethelweni, okuthiwa "ubudala", esisogwini kwamagquma amathathu: Sabika, Sacromonte futhi Albayzin.

Granada Modern esikhathini esidlule lalakhiwe ngezizwe Yase-Iberia. Bakha isiphetho, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizuziwe amaRoma base okuthiwa Illiberis.

Ngemva kokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma, le izigangi waya Granada esifundeni, kodwa 534, isimo sokugcina beqiniso lashabalala, futhi endaweni yathathwa yi baseByzantium. Kodwa kakade ekhulwini VII kusayithi eqala ukukhuluphala isimo Yase-Iberia.

Uphawu kakhulu ukubukeka yesimanje laseGranada eziphoqelelwe amaMoor. Balithatha edolobheni e 711, ngisho uqambe kabusha ke e Kalat-Gartata. Ngesikhathi ukuhlala kula mazwe we amaMoor edolobheni sashintshwa ngokuya izakhiwo, wayengumuntu uhlobo kugasela kwamasiko nendlela yawo yokuphila. Granada muzi waba isikhungo angokwesayensi nolwazi, lapha yazalwa ukukhiqizwa kasilika futhi ephezulu izikhali.

Ngo 1012 Granada Berbers ashaqe nombusi walo zincike Ibn Ziri, owenza edolobheni lombuso Zirids lwamakhosi, kwadingeka ahambe esihlalweni sobukhosi. edolobheni Eminyakeni eyikhulu kokubusa kwayo ezinwetshiwe imingcele futhi IGranada yaba idolobha elicebe Andalusia. Omude kunayo yonke owake ala mazwe uye ophethe amandla Nisridov lwamakhosi lapho bakha Emirate laseGranada. Kuze 1492 e Granada, uquqaba esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, okuyinto zihlobene kwesikhathi Arab.

Ngu ekupheleni xv ekhulwini Emirate laseGranada kwaba siphephelo inkolo yamaSulumane namasiko.

Reconquista awuzange lost on lawa mazwe, ngaphansi kwengcindezi zamakhosi Spanish yomuzi yawa. Lo mcimbi kwaholela ukwehla edolobheni kuhle, ke sekuvame edolobheni yesifundazwe Spanish. Kushintshwe futhi ukubukeka kwangaphandle imigwaqo, izakhiwo futhi wonke umuzi.

Life Emirate laseGranada

Emirate laseGranada wawusegunjini lapho? On lokho enhlonhlweni wayengomunye walaba zibuswa omdala inkolo yamaSulumane? I last isimo Muslim eYurophu wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1492. Nakuba endaweni yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia endaweni enezintaba-Mediterranean, kwakunzima ukufinyelela isitha, kwakunzima ahaqe kwabanye. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukubaluleka isimo.

Emirate laseGranada eyayikhona endaweni yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia iminyaka engaphezu kuka-250. Futhi ngaphezu kunenzuzo isikhundla ezindawo nomthelela lokhu kanye nezinye izici.

Naphezu linye kwezenkolo Islam nobuKristu, izinkinga uphuthuma ngokwengeziwe emhlabeni medieval zazihluke kakhulu. Enhlonhlweni wahlala abantu aphuma emahlelweni ahlukene. Nokho, abazange baphile ngandawonye, emazweni Muslim kuhlale amaKatolika amaningi, noHezekeli. AmaSulumane nesikhundla Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo labantu. Esesithathu kumaJuda ezibalulekile kazwelonke babe. I heterogeneity ka eziphilayo kancane kancane ekuvaleni igebe elikhona phakathi abantu nezinkolo, futhi anikezwa ithuba ukudala uhlobo olukhethekile yokuphila namasiko ye-emirate.

impi

Wokulwa eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia ayengemaningi njalo inkolo wabashukumisa, kodwa ngenxa emzabalazweni endaweni entsha. Ngaphandle Granada has a amandla Muslim babe eNyakatho Afrika Marinids. Bona, njengazo zonke ezinye amabutho, imifela-ndawonye okwesikhashana nokubuyisana, abalahlekelwe ukuqondana abo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. NgeNkathi Ephakathi kukhona ngokucacile besahlukaniselwa imibuso emithathu eyinhloko Aragon, Castile ne-Portuguese. Ukwahlukana nokudala wokulwa buthaka kuphela kubo.

Isiko nenkolo

Uphi Emirate laseGranada manje? Granada idolobha elihle futhi eyingqayizivele, hhayi kuphela iphuzu zomlando umbono. Ezivuthiwe emhlophe izithelo liwuphawu heraldic kule ndawo yasezulwini ngempela. Emirate laseGranada itholakala empumalanga Andalusia, eningizimu yeSpain namuhla.

ukubekezelelana ngokwenkolo

AmaKristu, amaJuda namaSulumane kwesokunxele kwesokudla ukwenza namasiko abo enkolo emasontweni abo. Kuyinto kuphela ukubuya kufanele amukele imibuso yezwe ukukhokha izintela ezithile.

ulimi

Ngo nobukhulu emirate kwakungelona ulimi olusemthethweni. Ukuqhutshwa kanye nemibuthano ephakeme emphakathini esetshenziswa sesiphelele, njengenja Arabhu futhi isiLatini nesiHebheru. Lokhu kwakuhambisana nezinga amazinga aphezulu yamaSulumane aseSpain futhi khona e-apharathasi isimo kwakhiwa amaJuda namaKristu. Yonke labantu kwaba ngaphansi kwesivikelo umbusi jikelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuyiphi inkolo kanye nobuzwe.

ukuthuthukiswa komnotho

Inhloko-dolobha ye-emirate of Granada, Granada, iyona amaningi asethuthukile ngokuya kwezomnotho, yonke imizi emphakathini engaziwa Andalusia.

Labantu wahlanganyela ezolimo kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Mayelana nezinhlinzeko Qur'an kanye ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa yengulube athuthukile imvu.

Abanomoya sezulu saseMediterranean kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa ezokulima kanye nezokungcebeleka ngokuthi ukutshala okusanhlamvu kwalokho, kwakukhona ukulima evuthiwe futhi ukutshala izihlahla zomnqumo.

Ochwepheshe wathatha omakhelwane yonke emadolobheni amakhulu Islamic. Craft kwaba umsebenzi umndeni noma umsebenzi kwemiphakathi yonke. ukuphila Community ekhuthele ukuvikelwa abagibeli bayo kanye esitokisini babantu abampofu futhi ezikhathalela amalungu ogulayo.

ukuhweba

Isimo unomphela impi, ngokuphelele hhayi buthaka ukuhweba basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle kule nhlonhlo. Abathengisi phakathi lokho kuthula namanje uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela athuthukile izimakethe abaphikisi babo. The main kwezohwebo babe omakhelwane - ugu lweNyakatho Afrika nemibuso yobuKristu. Imikhiqizo eziyinhloko: amafutha omnqumo, uvolo, izikhali nezinto zokuhloba. Kusukela Afrika ukuba Emirate Granada alethwe izinyo lendlovu eyigugu, izinongo nokotini.

Alhambra ibe yinhle kangaka

Edumile emhlabeni Granada Luhambo iyona edume Alhambra ibe yinhle kangaka zesigodlo. Yakhiwa phakathi nokubusa namaMoor lwamakhosi Nisridov. Kuze kube manje, izindonga zawo phezu kwegquma eliphakeme futhi iyabonakala kuwo wonke amagumbi edolobheni. Lena akuyona nje luhlobo lempi, kodwa futhi wonke yokuhlala kubabusi Muslim.

Emirate laseGranada namuhla - kuyinto enhle kakhulu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, ihlanganisa ezifundazweni eziningana futhi inomlando omude futhi ecebile.