Ukwahlukanisa nezindawo ezingase zibe yingozi ku PUE. Injongo Ukwahlukaniswa umlilo noma ukuqhuma ingozi esishintshashintshayo

Dangerous ngombono ukuqhuma nomlilo, endaweni endawo ezimbonini noma ishede luhlobo. Lapha ngaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza ejwayelekile ekhaya i admixture yamagesi oluvuthayo noma evala. ngezigaba Special ezindaweni eziyingozi ukucacisa uhlobo imishini kagesi nezinye. Futhi ukhetha izinga lokuvikeleka ukunciphisa ingozi ukuxhumana ingxube fuel emoyeni sparks imishini kanye namadivayisi. Amagadango la efanele kuphela ukuvikelwa olunzulu umsebenzi ezimweni ezivamile. Ekhuluma Esimweni esiphuthumayo, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuqapha kukhona lutho.

I izinkomba eyinhloko ingozi

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthungela is etholwe nokuxhumana izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• fuel ekhona ukungaguquguquki umusi, uthuli, noma igesi;
• umoya-mpilo eziqukethwe emoyeni;
• igniter, ezivela ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza.

Ukwahlukaniswa oluvuthayo kanye alufakwa esishintshashintshayo - delineate umkhawulo lokuhlushwa imikhawulo aphansi kanye engenhla ukuthungela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwabelana isikhala degree of ingozi, okuyinto libhekene imingcele ethile. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Temperature embundwini ukwanele ukuthungela.
2. Ijubane omlilo nelangabi esiphelweni.
3. Inani kulencane oksijini, okuholela ukuvuvukala.
4. Ukuzwela yezingxenye samanje ukungezwani vibration.

Le ngozi kuholele osikweni ukuqhuma futhi ukushaqeka nomthelela ngaphambili wave. Ukubhebhetheka umlilo ngokuya ngesivinini ebhubhisa zokuxhumana, ukwakhiwa, amandla umugqa. ukwa amandla futhi neqhaza ukuvela isinqamu ekushayweni enobungozi ekuphileni komuntu, ukukhululwa kwe izinto eziyingozi futhi ezinobuthi ungcolisa imvelo.

Umqondo izigaba

Ukwahlukanisa esishintshashintshayo alufakwa Ngcono izigaba umoya uzimisele nesenzakalo yokuqhuma kusukela ukuxhumana inhlansi noma arc. endaweni enobungozi therein zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo Izingxube empikiswaneni evuthayo ngokuya isikhala isethi eyodwa ehambisana nemibandela ukukhiqizwa. Kulokhu ehlukile ukuthungela lokushisa ngezigaba uyazicabangela umphumela ukuxhumana surface ashisayo. Ngamunye igesi, umusi noma uthuli impahla ezivuthayo has autoignition lokushisa yayo mkhawulo. Ukuze impumelelo yayo, ukubukeka ilangabi.

Ukwahlukanisa izindawo umlilo ingozi

Izindawo eziyingozi ukuze uma kucishwa umlilo mayelana zihlukaniswe amakilasi alandelayo:

• Objects P-mina. Defined emkhakheni kokuba lokuhlushwa yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula nge umngcele inkomba flashpoint ngenhla 61 ° C.
• Izindawo II-II. ezindaweni zabo isehlane nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu zesivikelo uthuli zobuchwepheshe emoyeni nophethiloli nemvelo.
• Territories P-IIa. ngezigaba zabo ezindaweni eziyingozi echazwe zazisebenza njengezindawo lapho izinto eziqinile oluvuthayo ngomlilo ingcindezi ethile ezingaphezu kuka 1 MJ ngalinye 1 m2.
• Izindawo II-III. Ingabe ngemva izindonga egumbini kanye nabo zigcinwa ukudla okuqinile ezivuthayo, uketshezi futhi uketshezi alufakwa Izingxube gaseous.

Ukwahlukanisa ezindaweni eziyingozi ngokuvumelana FZ-123

Lolu hlobo ngezigaba senziwa kuncike ubude khona Izingxube esiyingozi endlini kanye nokuvama okuvela lokuhlala efanayo:

1. Zero ekilasini. Uma ucabangela igumbi ukuvela njalo ingxube ezivuthayo ngaphakathi ihora elilodwa.
2. Isigaba sokuqala. Kuhlanganisa izihlalo ngokuhlukaniselwa lapho inqubo in the mode evamile evala kalula ezivuthayo bese kuthi amagesi, umoya ukwakha izingoma enobungozi.
3. A nekilasi lesibili. Saba uphawu endaweni ngaphandle ukukhulula amagesi enobungozi, evala futhi okuqinile uthuli ifu nge yokukhiqiza inqubo ejwayelekile. Kodwa kukhona ingozi lokuhlala zabo eziyingozi kule ngozi.
4. ekilasini izindawo Twentieth. Inikeza okuhlushwa njalo eliphansi ukungcola enobungozi emoyeni nge ukuthungela umkhawulo ongaphakeme.
5. ekilasini amabili nanye. Lapha kuchazwa izakhiwo kanye ukwahlukana inqubo ukukhiqizwa okwesikhashana uthuli noma fibrous izinto eziningi eziyingozi.

Izindlela ukunquma izinkomba zokulawula ukucacisa Igumbi ekilasini ihanjiswa e imibhalo kanye ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe ukuphepha umlilo.

Ukwehlukanisa izindawo ku PUE

Ukwahlukanisa ezindaweni eziyingozi ngenxa amakhodi kagesi lihlanganisa division elandelayo izakhiwo:

• Class B-1. Ngcono uchaza izindawo lapho imlalile kumalungu ezivuthayo ngo imali yokuthi kwakheka umoya Izingxube eziqhumayo inqubo evamile yokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho wokuhlanza imishini noma ushintsho of izinto zokusetshenziswa.
• Class B-1a. Ngo ababhemayo nge umjikelezo ovamile ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezivuthayo hhayi eyingozi esabiwe. Umbala wawo lihlotshaniswa kuphela nesenzakalo isimo esiphuthumayo.
• Class B-1b. It esihlanganisa zone zitholakala ezindaweni lapho imithi enobungozi zikhishwa kuphela ukuphahlazeka. Ngakho babe iphunga okubabayo, ongaphakeme umkhawulo ukuthungela bagxila phezulu isitshalo.
• Class B-1g. Liqukethe uhlu izakhiwo ongaphandle kwendawo. Lesi sigaba akubandakanyi ammonia compressors kukhethwa ezithile imishini.
• Ikilasi-II. Izinhlu nge ejection isikhala phakathi ukukhiqizwa eliningi uthuli ezivuthayo yemisipha uyakwazi ukwakha ingxube nge air, okuholela ukuqhuma.
• Ngo Class-IIa. Lichaza ezindaweni lapho i izimo ingozi ukuqhuma ezichazwe isigaba odlule, ngesikhathi operation evamile imishini azisenzeki. ekushayweni yabo engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma ingozi noma ukulimala insimbi.

Zone amamitha amahlanu kusukela umshini noma, nendawo futhi zibheka, okuyinto iyingozi kusukela umbono komlilo noma ukuqhuma esifundeni, ukukhiqizwa idinga i ilangabi evulekile noma izingxenye ashisayo ngezigaba obhubhisayo umlilo ingozi esishintshashintshayo ngoba Sae akacabangi njengoba amakamelo eziphuthumayo. iqembu labo ukwenza Ukwahlukaniswa izakhiwo kuye kwezobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kulesi sigaba zokukhiqiza. Zone ezitolo kanye ekamelweni lapho izinto gaseous, liquid okuqinile asetshenziselwa Ukushisa lushiswe boilers noma ilahlwe ovuthayo, ababhekwa ibe yindawo eyingozi. Futhi Ukwahlukaniswa nezindawo ezingase zibe yingozi ku PUE kubo asihlobene.

Ukwehlukanisa NBA esishintshashintshayo

izakhiwo eziyingozi ngezigaba esishintshashintshayo oluvuthayo kanye kuqhume libhekisela eqenjini "A", ukusetshenziswa uketshezi ezahlukene umkhawulo ukuthungela of akazidluli 28 ° C noma ejection. Igagasi ingcindezi akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 5 KPA. Lokhu kusebenza izitolo, okuyizinto izingxenye alufakwa. Tibangela flash uma nabo emoyeni uquqaba.

Izakhiwo bohlanga "B", libhekene usebenzisa inqubo ukukhiqizwa noma umlilo nezinto ezinokuvutha ekushayweni uthuli yemisipha. Ukuzikhohlisa kwawo ukuthungela kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa ngenhla 28 ° C. shock wave ingcindezi inkomba ezimweni ezinjalo ingaphezu 5 KPA.

Izindlela ze-ekuqedeni noma ukunciphisa ezindaweni eziyingozi

Ukwahlukanisa esishintshashintshayo obhubhisayo Sae Standard njengoba ezintweni eziphuthumayo ucabangela izinto ngabanye, ezifana umusi, igesi nothuli ukwakhiwa nabo uquqaba emoyeni noma nihlanganyele ku eziyinkimbinkimbi. Class noma isigaba isikhala kuye ngohlobo imbozwe ilangabi noma izingxenye ashisayo, kungenzeka okuvela esithweni kagesi avela ukushisa chemical ukusabela, vibration mechanical ukushaqeka khumuza ugongolo izinhlansi emisebeni yelanga, izinhlobo ezahlukene ngemisebe.

Kukhona amalungiselelo akhethekile bemvelo lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba ukuqhuma imililo ezindaweni zokusebenza. ukusetshenziswa kwabo kusekelwe indlela yezesayensi ukutadisha ukuziphatha izinto futhi izinto inqubo flash futhi amandla omlilo. Ukuze kuncishiswe engcupheni, imisebenzi elandelayo kwenziwe izitolo ukukhiqizwa, emafektri kanye nezinye izindawo:

1. assays ezithathwe njalo ukucacisa Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali Isikhala ezungezile.
2. Ukuze usebenze imishini kuyakhethwa ikhumbula kubekwa uphawu, kuthiwa ukuvikela.
3. Izingxenye ezivuthayo umkhathi kukhona okuphumayo nge ukupholisa ngenkani.
4. Kuyingozi Izinto Ukwakheka esuswa emkhakheni umlilo kungenzeka.

imishini kophawu, ukuqhuma-ubufakazi ngokuhambisana GOST

Amadivayisi amaningi ukusebenza ezimweni lapho abanye izinto okwazi ukuthungela, emkhathini ezizungezile idivayisi. Ukuvimbela i izimoto ingozi ngenxa arcing oxhumana nabo, Ukushisa izingxenye kanye nezakhiwo, zakha ngezinga elithile Ukuvikelwa. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye kophawu ezindaweni eziyingozi imishini ukuqhuma-ubufakazi ukuvumela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanele imishini, izinto zikagesi, amaziko kanye nabo bonke abanye imishini emakamelweni lamadigri ingozi obuhlukahlukene.

Amaqembu yokuqhuma-ubufakazi ezisebenza ngogesi

Ngu 1 iqembu uhlanganisa Snap isicelo ezimayini komhlaba, izimayini, izakhiwo emhlabathini, ukusebenza amagesi ayingozi noma ezivuthayo uthuli uquqaba. Iqembu II kuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi neze nge Ukuvikelwa umsebenzi kwendlu noma ngaphandle. Isebenza endaweni empikiswaneni evuthayo, kodwa hhayi izimo ezifanayo achazelwe iqembu lokuqala amadivayisi. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa imishini yezimboni inhloso jikelele.

izidingo Ukuvikelwa zomculo kanye nempahla kusuka ukuqhuma kulawulwa GOST R.51330.9-99. Ukwahlukanisa ezindaweni eziyingozi inquma uhlobo imishini kanye namadivayisi futhi amathuluzi igumbi ngalinye. Izidingo ezinqunyiwe maqondana nokwakhiwa kwezindlu okokusebenza umzimba, njengoba amanzi ikhebula, nokuxhuma ukulungisa izakhi, uphawu futhi uvala amadivaysi. Labelling ngokuhambisana isigaba ethile isetshenziswa isabelo izindlu kungukubonakala sigqamile. Upende sisetshenziswa ukuqina kanye ukumelana kuhlasela zamakhemikhali.

Mshini kwi imishini

Ukuze ukufakwa ezindaweni eziyingozi imishini abeka isiqu:

• I degree of ukuvikelwa zedivayisi kagesi kusukela ukuqhuma.
• Ukuvumelana ukukhwezwa kudivayisi kwamazinga amazwe ngamazwe.
• Ukuze yini ekhathaza ngohlobo lomshini Ukuvikelwa (i, o, n, q, d, s, e, et al.). Ukuze isigaba i kufanele sitjengise zenyathi (ia, IB, ic).
• Ukwahlukanisa lokushisa.
• Kubekwe ilitha - X noma U. Lezi ukumela, ngokulandelana, ukudala izimo noma ekhethekile insiza ingxenye Eks.

Izimfuneko Ukukhetha zikagesi

zikagesi, ikakhulukazi nge izingxenye isusa namayunithi, kokubili inquma Ukwahlukaniswa nezindawo ezingase zibe yingozi, imibhobho ngaphandle ezindaweni eziyingozi uma lungenayo kuhilelani izindleko ezingenasidingo futhi ngokweqile, akakubangeli nobunzima. Uma amadivayisi njenge zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa e workshop empikiswaneni evuthayo ke ukuba ukufakwa yabo futhi kukhethwa zimfuneko ezengeziwe. Lapho usebenza imvelo ngokuba yingozi kwezinkolelo-zone zezimboni ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zikagesi kagesi, ukukhanyisa kukhawulwe ezimweni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwawo kule ndawo ngenxa isidingo.

Isisetshenziswa ise indawo ye lenyuka ithonya nolaka uthuli uquqaba igesi, umswakama ivikelwe, njengoba Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu PUE alufakwa zone, lezi asebenzayo ezintweni eziphuthumayo. Izinamathiseli ukuba ukukhwezwa ezindaweni ongaphandle, kufanele avikelwe emathonyeni asemkhathini, umswakama kanye uqweqwe lukashukela. Uma imoto kagesi inikezwa lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ekubizweni "e", it ovunyelwe ukubeka kuphela imishini lapho ngeke usakubona kunyakaza futhi accelerations. Lezi amadivayisi kagesi zivikelwe ukufakwa edluliselwe nge kokucima uma okweqile.

imishini kagesi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ethile, kungase efakwe endlini kuba ngezimiso ezinjalo noma nge indices ezincane. Musa uyifake ngendlela izindawo nolaka. Uma ufuna ukufaka imishini ukuhlinzeka igobolondo ingashiswa ingcindezi, ohlelweni ukupholisa kuhlelwe namadivayisi control. Kulokhu, ukufakwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo GOST ngqo kulo mshini:

1. Lapho edala imigodi ngoba izisekelo abanayo avele izindawo zibuthuntu nge ezivuthayo izinto oluyingozi ngaphandle kokuba nokwenzeka ohlabayo.
2. Pipelines nomthofu-emoyeni mass ligeleze fan imibhobho ngaphandle ezindaweni eziyingozi.
3. namapayipi efanayo iqhutshwe ngaphansi phansi, uma isakhiwo yabo ivikelwe ingress izinto ezivuthayo.
4. Lapho umoya omncane iyunithi Sebenzisa kuphela uhlobo ukuthi is ebalulwe imiyalelo yokufaka, ukusetshenziswa nezinye izinhlobo akuvunyelwe.

umshini kagesi, lapho umsebenzi inikezwa uketshezi oily futhi izakhi akhona ndima zamanje kuvunyelwe ukusetha ngokungabi bikho ukudledlezela vibration, okuvumela uwoyela wachela.

Izinkomba ukukhethwa imishini kagesi

Ukwahlukanisa nezindawo ezingase zibe yingozi, ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye ukufakwa zikagesi ezonini zokukhiqiza zibe yingozi, voltage umkhawulo inikeza 10 kW. A level of isivikelo flammability ngokuhambisana GOST 17494-1987, uhanjiswe eziphakeme. Uma izakhi ngabanye isakhi nemishini esetshenziswayo nemingcele ezahlukene ukuvikelwa, le okungu zinqunywa ngokuhambisana amatafula.

Uma ufaka imishini endaweni Isigaba B-Ngithande, B-Mina, B-II ngezigaba esishintshashintshayo alufakwa GOST ulawula ukufakwa kagesi ngaphandle emagcekeni eyingozi udonga abayizithulu engangenwa umlilo futhi camera nge ukumelana umlilo asisikhulu kunenkosi 0.75 h. Ikamelo inikezwa esikhululekile eziphuthumayo phuma bese emoyeni isizinda owazenza ziphuzo zazihluzwa umthamo air ivolumu egumbini izikhathi eziyisihlanu ihora operation ngamunye. Through the actuator odongeni ahanjiswa kumzila ndlala uphawu.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukusebenza ezindaweni umlilo futhi onobungozi iba ngaphansi elimazayo futhi akabubangeli izingozi uma ukuphathwa kwenhlangano ukhathazekile ukugujwa zonke kwezinkambiso imithetho ukufakwa kwemishini for ukufakwa ezigabeni esishintshashintshayo ezinjalo. Okokuqala izimo isiba okubalulekile ekuphileni ukwandiswa nokugcinwa iminyango yezempilo kanye nabasebenzi.