Standard zomlando namasiko emlandweni waleli zwe. Izimiso kanye nezidingo standard zomlando namasiko

Ukuthuthukiswa isayensi zomlando emhlabeni kanye ukunqwabelana ulwazi olusha emkhakheni umlando, kanye, kwakhulisa isithakazelo umphakathi ezenzakalweni esedlule nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo ukudala ngesiRashiya umlando yephuzu ngefomethi entsha. Wadala ejwayelekile zomlando namasiko kuhlanganisiwe ukuhlolwa ngokuyinhloko entsha yonke imicimbi ukhiye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda yabonisa izindlela ezahlukene efundisa esikoleni yesimanje yomlando kazwelonke, umise uhlu esiyisibopho imigomo, izihloko, imiqondo, ubuntu kanye nemicimbi. "Imibuzo Kunzima", uhlu okuyinto kuhambisana namazinga zomlando namasiko, kanye babasa izihloko eziningi okufanele kuxoxwe ngakho, okubangelwa izingxoxo evuthayo kuwo wonke amazinga emphakathini. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya timvo letehlukene kule ndaba.

isiqondiso

standard zomlando namasiko kufanele ngcono ikhwalithi yefundo umlando esikoleni, ukuthuthukisa ucwaningo kwekhono abafundi ukwakha isikhala ezivamile zamasiko nezomlando eRussia. With ukuqaliswa standard okufanele ukulungiselela yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi yemfundo namanje Udinga ukwakha Syllabus, izincwadi, iziqondiso, izincwadi othisha, isethi lamakhadi bese izicelo electronic. Lo mcimbi obaluleke kuzodinga eziningi, imizamo eziningi ukuze ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele inqubo yemfundo.

Okokuqala, nguthishela uzodinga ukushintsha ngokuphelele indlela eyisa izifundo yomlando esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, okuyinto nobunzima undoubted. Ukufakwa ku manuals, futhi izincwadi ezengeziwe ukuze abafundisi abafanele inkomba izinto ezihlobana yonke amaphuzu yesiteleka kakhulu umbono izenzakalo lafundvwako eRussia, kubalulekile ukuze balukhulume kahle "imibuzo esinzima emlandweni," ngemva kokwamukela izimpendulo.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Sidinga ukudala izimo esifanele ulwazi umsindo ngendaba abafundi abasanda kuphothula umatikuletsheni. amazinga zomlando namasiko kufanele yakha umbono ocacile of the izigaba eziyinhloko yentuthuko sezizwe isimo Russian.

Kuyadingeka ukubonisa wonke umlando Russia kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo global futhi embule okushiwo ndawonye imizamo zonke izizukulwane zabantu baseRussia. standard zomlando namasiko kwaba inhloso yombhali njengoba panorama ezibanzi, okuyinto kufanele kubhekwe umlando wawo onke amazwe abantu kuyo yonke i-nsimu, okuyinto kwaba ingxenye yeRussia ne-Soviet Union esikhathini esifanele.

tutorials

Lapho ulungiselela umugqa omusha wombhalo izincwadi secondary school ejwayelekile kufanele ngempela isetshenziswe. Izinzuzo kumele zisekelwe postulates elandelayo.

• Zonke izinqubo kanye izenzakalo zomlando Russian kumele izithombe ezinemibala ezazihambisana nekhasethi inqubo zomlando womhlaba wonke.
• Kufanele kusetshenziswe indlela entsha umlando isiko Russian, ngoba kuyinchubo lechubekako okuholela ukuzuzwa kutati kungaphezu ukudluliselwa impumelelo zokudala namagama, kodwa ukuthi uhambisane ukuthuthukiswa yezwe - kanye kwezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho, kanye nezombusazwe.
• ukuphikisana Yangaphakathi nekuhumusha engqubuzanayo zezenzakalo ezingokomlando kufanele isikhishiwe, noma ngabe inani elithile ukuze ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zenhloko-Russia.
• Ulimi Izihloko kufanele okwenyanga, isethulo kufinyeleleke.

Isimiso esikhulu

Izimiso amazinga zomlando namasiko kufanele banamathela ngokuqinile. Ubuchwepheshe Professional futhi ingxoxo yomphakathi izotholakala Yiqiniso, kubalulekile e ukuphothulwa yayo. Lona umcimbi obalulekile futhi isinyathelo sokuqala ekunqobeni igalelo feuds bokusungula kabusha njengoba ukutolika ngemibono kakhulu nokwehluka okungenangqondo Izincazelo ezingenziwanga ezihlobene eziyimbangela kweqiniso.

Ukuqonda izinqubo zomlando kumele igcile elwatini okuyisisekelo olulodwa logic, embili, kuzo zonke ubudlelwano kanye phambili. Ukuze ukufunda izenzakalo eRussia kufanele kube nenhlonipho sine kuwo wonke amakhasi ngaphandle kokukhetha, ezakha zalo zesikhathi esidlule. Ukunemba nolwazi lwesayensi eziqukethwe zesikole - umsebenzi oyinhloko, futhi akunzima kakhulu, ngisho nalapho uthinta nezikhathi eyindida kunazo zonke emlandweni-Russian. amazwi ahlabayo Kufanele akuzwakali, kulapho kufanele kungabi kokuqagela kancane, amaqiniso nje futhi izibalo hlanguzo noma ukulahlwa babo, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokuphatha kabi abanye umuzwa nezomphakathi.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokufunda

Sibheka umbono yokudala izincwadi standard futhi enwetshiwe lapho kutadishwa umlando Russia kanye nezinye izinto zezenhlalakahle. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu aqukethe njengesisekelo namazinga zomlando namasiko esifanayo, njengoba nohlu lwezincwadi efanayo. Futhi eyaqhubeka - isisekelo egcwele, hhayi ngokwesivumelwano ngenkambo "upheka izingane". Bona izokwakhiwa futhi electives, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi kuyinzuzo ngokwengeziwe esifundweni.

On ngempi nomlando ulungiselela kakade incwajana abafundi, ke ishicilela Russian umphakathi samasosha zomlando. Isihlobo ohlwini lwezincwadi yolwazi zomlando kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yokufuna ingqondo namagugu ayisisekelo, kunokuba revolution hhayi populism. Ukwethulwa kwezincwadi zokufunda entsha egadiwe izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye namaqembu professional abathanda ngempela umphumela futhi nginikeze izimpendulo ezakhayo.

izifundo sivunyiwe

Kakade ngo-September 2015 abafundi babe izincwadi ezintsha sibonakalisa ejwayelekile zomlando namasiko yomlando wezwe. amasethi amathathu sivunyiwe njengoba mahhala kusuka zonke izinhlobo ngokubikezela izinto ezididayo nezingathembekile stylistically kushintshwe. abamemezeli abathathu babehilelekile udaba izincwadi ezintsha abafundi emabangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi, "izwi Russian", "bustard" futhi "Ezemfundo". Ngokwesibonelo, ibanga lesikhombisa, ungakhetha yimiphi izincwadi ezintathu ivume abaxhasi amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. Torkunov Danilov, Lewandowski, Arsenyev.
2. Lyashenko, Volobuev, uSimoni.
3. Zagladin minako, Petrov.

Ukuqedela ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba standard zomlando namasiko entsha kuzodinga cishe emibili noma emithathu.

Izibuyekezo kwetheminoloji

Igama elithi "ukubekezelelana", mnogazhdy okwenzeka izincwadi ezintsha, wakhuluma okuningi mayelana nomgomo zomlando namasiko e-website ye-Ministry of Education and Science kubhekwa ngempela ezingafaneleki, ukunikezela esikhundleni salo ibinzana "ubungane abantu" noma yimuphi omunye. Ubufakazi sokungalandeli umthetho lihumusha esiqondile gama kanjengoba ogulayo.

Ukuxoxa ngazwi linye baphikisa ngokuthi iphuzu mayelana Gulag njengoba iwuphawu Stalinism ubukeka shabby nje. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi isifinyezo luyingxenye imidwebo angaveli kahle Standard, izazi-mlando kuyabacasula ukuthi angeke kube uhlamvu ukubonisa le nkathi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ikakhulukazi kuyindida sipho ongakhetha: cross - uphawu Tsarist, uPetru noPawulu Fortress - uphawu authoritarianism Petra Velikogo. Liphinde kakhulu okuxoxwe uhlobo abathukuthele ibinzana "omkhulu-amandla izifiso of uStalin." Okungenani - izingane abaqondi.

Izibuyekezo mayelana Ukusabalala zezenzakalo ezingokomlando

Ngokuphathelene isigaba ngemisebenzi Smersh inthanethi ikakhulukazi eziningi izinkulumo ezithakazelisa, kanye nakothisha-mlando zithi kuyoba nzima ukuba ngokwanele sisebenzise lokhu kwaziswa, eqondiswa yokuthi izidingo okuhlongozwayo ejwayelekile zomlando namasiko. Lapho ubona "quacks" okungalungile journalism izigidigidi esingu, futhi umsebenzi wenhlangano ukubonakalisa sipho lesifanele, ezifana encwadini Bogomolov, "I Izikhathi zeqiniso. Ngo-Agasti, amane nane." Kuyaxoxwa kukhona izincwadi esemthethweni ingobo yomlando FSB ne izincomo othisha ukufundisa.

Ongaziwa nezithembiso ezingasebenzi mayelana ukugxekwa Gorbachev, Yeltsin, eyaphawula ukuthi kwaba ukugxekwa ngakwesokhohlo, kuyilapho Liberals mayelana Socialists ngisho Social Democrats kwakuyobe kulungile ukwenzenjalo njalo. besambathekile yabangela imigomo eminingi futhi imiqondo yethulwa kuleli ejwayelekile zomlando namasiko zomlando Russian. Ngokwesibonelo: umphakathi yasebukhosini, umuzwa civil wobulungisa, tinhlangano temmango, imizamo izakhamuzi '(! Konke lokhu - ngegama elithi "civil" - libhekisela yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye), babhekane nezinga elikhulu Komphakathi, isizukulwane salabo bantu; ukukhanyiselwa, i-post-yimpi GULAG akuxhomekile - konke musa uhlu.

Izibuyekezo ngemibandela

Umqondo ejwayelekile zomlando namasiko ezicini eziningi zibangelwa yokungathembani phakathi kothisha ezikoleni ahlukene of Russia. Kababoni kuhambisana entsha nezimfuneko izincwadi GEF. Sazi kanjani buyisana lezi ezimbili ejwayelekile yamaSoviet, methodological esemthethweni - umbuzo akekho ozokwazi ukuphendula. standard zomlando namasiko sivunyiwe, kodwa ngenxa nje othisha esisebenzayo ungazi indlela ke.

Gxila imfundo yokushisekela izwe of bonke cabanga ilungile, kodwa inkinga ngale ndlela ilungiselelwe Akucaci, ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi ezinganembile nokushintshashintsha. Umlando - isayensi. Ngakho, kufanele wonke amaqiniso enikelwa abafundi akhethiwe ngomqondo ovulekile, lapho yokushisekela izwe isisekelo yokushisekela izwe kubalulekile kakhulu. Le ndlela yokwenza ukukhethwa nokugcinwa ayiyinhle. Kungani umsebenzi oyinhloko etemibhalo yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye ngokuthi "Maye kusukela Wit" Griboyedov, ngolwamashumi amabili - "One Day ku-internet Ivana Denisovicha," uSolzhenitsyn? "Lokhu kuyakwenzeka kanjani?" - ucela uthisha.

Amazwana mayelana nesifundo yesimanje

standard zomlando namasiko ngokuyisisekelo aqede ukutadisha izenzakalo saleli shumi lokugcina leminyaka nesigamu. Endinyaneni 7 izincomo, kukhona kukhulunywa cwaningo yesimanje, okungukuthi, okusho into esanda langena 'emhlabeni Russia. " Othisha abaqondi ukuthi zilandise namazinga ndaba. Nokucabanga senziwa ukuthi indinganiso yakhelwe izikole zamabanga aphansi kanye eziyisisekelo, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme nayo izofakwa ukutadisha Yiqiniso "emhlabeni Russian".

Othisha ufuna ukwazi injongo ngokuvakashela ejwayelekile zomlando namasiko: ukuletha nokuziqhenya izwe lakubo noma cha ukukhulisa abadali abathengi, nge enengqondo? Yiziphi nenqubo kanye nokudidiyela uhlelo, othisha ongayiqondi. Babona ekuhloleni izinga yomlando wethu ngokombono imiqondo ovulekile aseNtshonalanga, lapho kuqala kunikezwa emakethe, emnothweni kanye nezinye izimfanelo zomhlaba impahla. Ukuqondiswa NguNkulunkulu ejwayelekile, akunakwenzeka ukuba amchazele ukuthi kungani Russian bekulokhu (futhi kuyoba) isizwe yimpumelelo, Kwathi kusuka emlandweni wethu omkhulu lapho.

Uphenyo Canon amaphutha

Kwakungesona umsebenzi lula - ukudalwa zindinganiso, okuyinto abalobi isicelo orientation ezithile sina methodological. Kodwa uhlelo methodological kuwo namanje lapho, futhi akukho ukulungisa (yamemezela - radical!) Okuqukethwe umlando indaba ethile esikoleni samabanga aphakeme. Kodwa namuhla kukhona amathuba intuthuko mlando emphakathini yesayensi: ngesikhathi sokugcina kwakukhona iqoqo imivubukulo (hhayi kuphela Novgorod).

Akukho izwi emgomeni Vedas, futhi eqinisweni nomqondo oda emhlabeni eRussia lezwakala ngokunembile amaVeda. Lapho imithombo ukuthi ukugcizelela bomdabu enkazimulweni Russian: umlando we Isigodlo lackeys, "Legend of Slovenia futhi Ruse" indaba ioachim, chronograph academician Tikhomirov, ucwaningo Gumilyov futhi Solonevich ... lapho kufihlwe, nakuba izazi ezaziwayo imicimbi - Azov esihlalweni impi ntsha? Uhlu ezibalulekile futhi akufakwanga indinganiso lide kakhulu.

ukumuncwa letindzala ka

Kanye ukugxekwa othisha engxoxweni ukhonza Abadali izindinganiso iziphakamiso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Vele isibonelo esisodwa kuyoba kanjani okudingekayo ukuze uhambise ulwazi ngendlela ehlelekile. Abafundi besikole samabanga aphakeme adinga ukwazi leyo Ivan Grozny kwakungelona "indoda-idla". Akukhona lokho kuphela, yena ikhuphukile insimu ka eRussia ngamaphesenti ayikhulu (!): Kusukela 2.8 ukuze ayizigidi ezingu-5,4 amakhilomitha square. Ngoba bonke kweminyaka engu amahlanu wazibulala abantu ezimbalwa kakhulu kweyodwa (!) Kuphela waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha St noBartolomewu, lapho amaHuguenot babulawa emahoreni ambalwa ngaphezulu.

Futhi Christian efanayo II izinsuku ezimbili (!) Kwegazi Stockholm kuphazamisekile izifundo ephindwe izikhathi eziyishumi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi eNgilandi hung abangenamihlaba kancane izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili (uMthetho vagrancy), kanye Dutch babulawa okungaka phakathi neMpi Iminyaka Eighty '. Futhi ekugcineni, esinye ngaphezulu Empeleni. Ngemva imidwebo, lapho inkosi ubulala indodana yakhe u-Ivan, IIya Repin wabuna isandla.