Njengoba Russia baba Russia? Njengoba Russia isibe izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke olulodwa?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Yaroslav Mudry, ngendodakazakhe Anna seNkosini French wamupha isipho wencwadi ezibhebheni zokhuni, okuyinto okukholelwa ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Kunoma yikuphi, ingabe wayekade sisukile ephepheni. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "The Book of Veles" futhi usitshelani-ke ngamaphathi izikhathi phambi Rurik lwamakhosi. Kusolwa ukuthi ngokuthumela le ncwadi waya eYurophu, Yaroslav wayefuna ukutshela impucuko YaseYurophu umlando ERussia yasendulo. Ngokwencwadi ethi ka Veles, eRussia kudala kwakukhona uhlanga Bohumír, ababenezingane ezinhlanu, kuhlanganise nabantwana bakwa-Seva futhi Rus, okuvela kulo waya northerners futhi Rusich. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa ekuqaleni ukuthi iRussia baba Russian, njengoba legend has igama wesilisa kusukela empandeni "Rus", okuyinto ke kwakheka isisekelo igama "Rus" isimo.

Izinyunyana eRussia ayehlaselwa izizwe futhi Rurik

"The Book of Veles" ngokuphindiwe waveza ukuthi Russia njengoba inyunyana ye Slavic (cishe nezinye) izizwe yayikhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kulesi umsebenzi wokubhala has izixhumanisi izenzakalo lwasendulo lapho izizwe protorusskie waya eGibhithe, wahlala phakathi kweziNtaba ZaseCarpathos, safinyelela insimu banamuhla China, kanye nabanye. Ngakho-ke, cabangela umbuzo kanjani Russia baba Russian, awukwazi kusukela ezinsukwini Rurik, kodwa ekuqaleni .

Noma kunjalo, emlandweni wanamuhla ukholelwa ukuthi umholi kubaqaphi Varangian waba ngowokuqala ngubani united izizwe lwamaSlav esikhathini izimpi zemibango nezingxabano ekuhlaseleni izitha angaphandle (e 862 AD). Kusolwa ukuthi wayenguKristu umzukulu Novgorod Prince (indodana yendodakazi kwesikhulu), owacela ukuba abuse eNovgorod ngokuqondene nesimo esinzima futhi yabo yokuguga. Ngakho-ke, inkolelo-mbono yokuthi Russia wadala Scandinavians abaqondanga mkhulu kakhulu. Uma siphendukela "Encwadi Veles", ungathola inkomba yokuthi abalobi basendulo abazange cabanga Rurik Rusich, babekholelwa ukuthi amandla akhe wabonisa ngokusebenzisa ubudlova. Mhlawumbe abalobi bencwadi ethi kungokwalabo izizwe Slavic, alwayo nge Novgorod, lapho Rurik amandla, naye okukholelwa labhapathizwa ngokwesiko Christian, engafiseleki.

Njengoba Russia isibe amandla zasolwandle?

Ekuqaleni isimo isiRashiya kwakuwulimi iqoqo ezindaweni ezingasemifuleni yemizila yohwebo "kusukela amaViking namaGreki", okwasiza ukulawula Rurik futhi retinue yakhe. Maphakathi lokhu athi babeyizinkulungwane Kiev futhi Novgorod. Cishe 8-9 eminyaka ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu uqalile ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni emaphakathi neRussia (phakathi iVolga kanye Oka), okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka wayekade kuqhathaniswa azungeze Kievan Rus. Ngemva amaMongol Ukuhlasela (ngekhulu le-13), ukubaluleka izwe yanda, futhi kukhona isikhungo esisha - Moscow, azungeze olwaqala esigabeni esisha sokuhlanganiswa ezindaweni Duchy of eMoscow. Izakhamuzi isimo imfundo nengxenye kokutholakala emazweni amasha, kuhlanganise sifinyelela engenhla Kama River, Umkhawulo wama-Pechora, Northern Dvina, White Sea. Singasho ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku Nokho isimo Russian yayinamandla ulwandle, emanzini kungekho ukuhweba asebenzayo kwemizila ngamazwe.

impumelelo Kwesine John (Ivan le Kubi) endaweni ukubusa

Ngo 1380 ibutho eMoscow wahlulwa amaMongol, futhi iminyaka eyikhulu kamuva emfuleni Ugra gidi ngokuphelele umhlaba Russian kusukela ijoka angaphandle. Kuleli qophelo, omunye umhlaba Russian kakade emananini Rzhev, Tula, Nizhny Novgorod, Veliky Ustyug nabanye. Lena yindlela Russia isibe ezifana ezweni elikhulu isivele ngalezo zinsuku. impumelelo endawo esasisandulele kwaqinisa kanye umbusi Rus - Okwesine Ivan (i-Kubi). Wahlanganyela eMoscow zwe elikhulu Holdings Kazan bese Astrakhan Khanate. Washiya ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela manustkript lapho, mhlawumbe okokuqala igama "Russia" sasisuke ngolimi isiSlavonic Esidala. Lo mbhalo umyalezo wokuqala ku-internet Ivana Groznogo ngokumelene Prince Andreya Kurbskogo, obhalisele ngokuthi "sakhiwa emzini umbuso umkhosi Russia, eMoscow, Wesine July 7072, ehlobo lika-yonke." Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela Russia baba Russia egameni layo. Nakuba-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isihloko incwadi yesibili enkosini Kubi Kurbsky livela njengelive lelitimele, Grand Duke "BCEAO Rousseau," okungukuthi, njengoba isihloko sezifundo kwaba "Russia" futhi "Russia".

Izwe ngobukhulu emhlabeni

Esikhathini esizayo, isimo Russian amakhulu eminyaka laqhubeka lenyuka ngokuyinhloko zensimu. tsars Russian phambi u-Ivan IV ephethwe ukunamathisela ezintweni ezikhona Pskov futhi Ryazan umhlaba. Ngesikhathi Grand Duchy of Lithuania abakhethelwa zawo abuyela sifinyelela engenhla Oka futhi Vyazma. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka engxenyeni engenhla Muscovy wangena Dvina Western futhi lonke indishi emfuleni Desna, futhi sekuyinto zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke ngalezo zikhathi futhi kuba kube yilolu suku. In the 80s kwekhulu le-16 waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo yeSiberia. Ayemaningi wasungula idolobha saseTomsk, Tobolsk, Tyumen futhi Mangazeya, kodwa ensimini, okuholela aseBaltic ngenxa yeMpi Livonian, baye balahlekelwa ekupheleni wokubusa uJohane Kubi.

Njengoba Russia isibe izwe elikhulu? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu ezweni elisha ugcwele obunokuthula, ngoba amazwe laseSiberia kwakwakhiwe ngu ayeyivelakancane, nabantu khona emva ukufika Cossacks waqala ngenkuthalo ukuthatha, isibonelo, uboya esenana impahla ezingeni eliphakeme impucuko (izikhali, njll .. ). Kodwa umlando wezwe lethu ligcwele izibhelu lempi ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni okwande entshonalanga awuthumbe Kwamanye amazwe empumalanga. Ekhulwini lesikhombisa, Russia Nokho, balahlekelwa ezimpini izwe Smolensk futhi Chernihiv wathola, in the 50s kwekhulu elifanayo Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine futhi Zaporozhye. Ngo 1620-50-yalolucwaningo kwenziwa i eqa okwakungakaze kube khona ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia - Russian wafika kuqala ogwini loMfula i-Yenisei, bese oLwandle Okhotsk. Nokho, abaningi banesithakazelo umbuzo kanjani Russia waba umbuso.

Umbusi abusa umbuso

Kukholakala ukuthi lo mcimbi senzeka ngesikhathi kubusa uPeter Omkhulu, owathatha isihloko umbusi 1721 ngesicelo Senate ngemva kokunqoba ngo neMpi Northern. Ngokusho imiphumela emkhankasweni wempi, okwaqala ngo-1700 kuya ku 1721 ngo isimo Russian weza Karelia, Izhora, Estonia futhi Livonia, engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe Finnish ukuba Vyborg, wasungula edolobheni Petersburg. Peter isungule ubudlelwane zokuhwebelana kwamazwe aseYurophu futhi wenza amandla ulwandle yayo ezweni, kulokhu endaweni ekahle ezibalulekile.

isizwe amaChukchi kuhlulekile ukunqoba - bona azihlanganisa

Ngemva Russia waba umbuso, 'isifiso "yayo indawo kuphela ezikhulayo. Ukuze kwesikhathi kusukela ngo-1723 kuya ku-1732 ingxenye yayo yoLwandle iCaspian kukhona umhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqala ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba Altai emfuleni Yaik. Esikhathini eko kwekhulu, uMbuso Russian ngokuzithandela ujoyine izizwe amaChukchi (ngaphambili abakwazanga ukunqoba Russian Cossacks kathathu), khona-ke eKamchatka, le Kuril Islands. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili ngenxa yezimpi Russian-Turkish of the Empire, uthola oLwandle Azov, eCrimea, oLwandle Olumnyama esifundeni, futhi ngemva ukwahlukanisa of Poland - Lithuania, Belarus, Kurland futhi North-Western Ukraine. Ekupheleni kwekhulu engxenyeni Russian we ngokujoyina Kazakhstan Alaska naseNingizimu Altai.

Yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye - endaweni esiphezulu

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, iRussia yayinabantu kokubili wokwengeza kanye nokulahlekelwa izindawo. Njengoba Russia baba ERussia namuhla, uma kucatshangelwa izenzakalo? By "wenzuzo" langaleso sikhathi zihlanganisa wokukhushulwa Finland, Dagestan, eBessarabia, ingxenye Poland, entshonalanga Georgia. Khona-ke ezweni Russian kuhlanganisa Armenia, ingxenye amasimu Azerbaijan nomunye 'nesabelo' we Kazakh amazwe (isb. N. Senior Jousse). Engxenyeni kwekhulu lesibili leminyaka, uMbuso Russian ifinyelela ngezabelo wobuningi mlando - sifaka North eCaucasus, Central Asia, ingxenye Xinjiang (okwesikhashana 60s). Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMoscow seluthole protectorate phezu Insimu zaseTuva samanje (Uryankhay umhlaba), kwakuthiwa zigxilé Amur, Primorye futhi Sakhalin. Njengoba isinxephezelo okokugcina Japan won Kuril Islands (Sakhalin kuhanjiswe ku Japan futhi ngenxa empini ye 1904-1905., Kodwa kwakungokwesikhashana ngezindinganiso zomlando). Ngo-1867, i-Alaska lalahleka futhi ngokuqondene okwenzayo, esiphethwe United States.

Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, Russian Empire, esadaleka (futhi isihlakazeka ke) eSoviet Union futhi, kuvela, insimu elahlekile. Kuwufanele ukubalula ukulahlekelwa Ukrainian,, isiFinnish, isi-Polish, ezindaweni Bessarabian ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I futhi ukuthola ekupheleni Second Umhlaba Kuriles, South Sakhalin, Kaliningrad Oblast. Phakathi nempi nekhulu, iSoviet Union iye ngokusemthethweni langena Republic of zaseTuva. Futhi ngo-1991, ngemva ukwehlukana amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet, liphendukele Russia lanamuhla.

Omunye Umhlaba nezakhi zofuzo

Njengoba Russia isibe izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke olulodwa? Ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa amaqembu ahlukahlukene ezinhlanga amasimu abantu abahlala nabo (bese eza lezo zindawo), imifela-ndawonye commercial nakwezempi, kanye ukuphathana kwabashadile, okuyinto kuhilelani kuhlangana lokhu ngezakhi ezingamaqoqo. Namuhla, akuve kuvamile ukuba Russia uhlobo izakhi zofuzo R1a 1a, okuyinto massively basakaza futhi eRussia emaphakathi kanye iningizimu yeSiberia, okuyinto waphinda kugcizelela ubunye izizwe hhayi kuphela indawo kodwa futhi kwi ezakhini zofuzo.