Impi Eighty Iminyaka '

Ngo historiography yesimanje eyaziwa ngokuthi iMpi, Eighty Engamashumi Yeminyaka Eighty neMpi (1568 - 1648) - ukulwa Seventeen Wezifundazwe (inyunyana siqu uthi khona emaZweni Asezansi) sokuzibusa ngokumelene amakhulu eYurophu, uMbuso Spanish ngaphansi iNkosi uPhilip II.

Thina lapha asikhulumi ngama-impi isikhathi eside. Kuyo yonke le minyaka engu-80, yena uvele yokuvukela abaningi nazo kuthula iminyaka eminingi (eminyakeni 1609 -1621). Umzabalazo sokuzibusa kwaholela ukuhlukana kwazo amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu yeNetherlands futhi ukwakheka Republic of Provinces United yeNetherlands.

Umbono ezivamile kubhekwa ukuthi iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Eighty 'owaqala ngokuvukela kuphangwa kwamasonto convents ngo-1566.

Izimbangela kwavukelwa ngenxa yesimo esibi sabantu somnotho, intela ephakeme, ngicindezelwe inkolo entsha bakaCalvin.

Ukudabuka of ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaKatolika inkosi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakolunye bakaCalvin isandla nabakhulu abebengeneme ngubani yafuna Inkululeko yokukhulekela, kwaholela ekuvukeleni. Umholi bakaCalvin baba Vilgelm mina Oransky.

Ukuze ayodambisa ukuvukela, uFiliphu ithunyelwa Amazwe Eliphansi owayengumbusi omusha eJerusalema, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, iNkosana Yase-Alba, okuyinto bazisa kakhulu kuqalile ukubhekana abangababi bemisebenzi yaso. Ngosuku efikile e Brussels ekuqaleni kwazo amabutho elite ayamukelayo iziyaluyalu Board - kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi Ibhodi Bloody ngenxa abaningi babulawelwa. UMkhandlu yadalwa ukuze ajezise abangobhongoza zezinkinga kwezombusazwe nakwezenkolo eNetherlands. Sekukonke, ngesikhathi iNkosana Yase-Alba kusukela eminyakeni 1567 kuya 1573, babulawa abantu mayelana 18 000 e-Netherlands.

Impi Eighty Iminyaka 'owaqala ngokuvukela Ukuhlasela amabili ehlulekile 1568 futhi 1572, ngokulandelana, Vilgelma Oranskogo enempi abaqashwa ulwandle gozov, umhlaba Dutch okungajwayelekile namabutho asolwandle. Ngenxa kwezimali futhi ibutho elincane ukuthi ukwesekwa umphakathi ayehlasela lalizobhujiswa kusukela ekuqaleni.

Kodwa ngempela kungalindelekile ashaqe edolobheni intombazane geuzen Apreli 1, 1572, lapho kwaba komba likaCalvin ezifundazweni eHolland Zeeland livuke.

ngokuvamile abaseSpain ngaphumelela, kodwa neMpi Iminyaka Eighty 'alahlekelwe omkhulu imali outlays. Kule ndaba, izinkulumo ukuthula ziye okuqalwe Nokho, ngokushesha baqalaza kuhlulekile. Khonamanjalo iNkosana Yase-Alba, ababengawathandi Asezansi, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa kunomswakama, wabuza izikhathi eziningana Philippe ngiyamkhulula emisebenzini yakhe ukuba abe ngumbusi. UPhilip, ngo-ukuphela, wavuma, kwathi ngo 1573 umbusi omusha waqokwa Luis De Rekezens. Kodwa ngo-1576 wafa ngokuzumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi yayingekho owalandela izinyanga eziningana Amasosha awuzange zikhokhelwa imali, namabutho Spanish kwadingeka izikhalo sina, okwakunginika isiqalo ukuba bavukele, akubiza ngokuthi "ukufutheka Spanish". Amasosha wabhubhisa esiphangiwe nesiphundliwe Antwerp, kwashona 10,000 kwezakhamuzi zawo.

Revolution eNetherlands baqhubeka njengoba lezi zimo nakakhulu ukuzimisela Abashokobezi lethu lithole inkululeko wezwe.

8 Novemba 1576 sasayinwa pacification iGhent. Holland, Zeeland kanye eningizimu (Catholic) isifundazwe sivuma ku ukubekezelelana enkolweni nasezindabeni mutual co-operation sokuxosha abaseSpain bevela ezweni Dutch. YaseGhent wajoyina isivumelwano kanye nezinye izifundazwe enyakatho.

6 Januwari 1579 inyunyana u buthaka lo kokuhlubuka we Walloon izifundazwe yaseGhent sivumelwano Abasayine Arras union, okuyinto babonisa ubuqotho babo inkosi yaseSpain. Besabela kuleso simemo, January 23, 1579 e Utrecht inyunyana sidalwe ngokumelene yokubusa iSpanishi, ekuhlanganiseni izifundazwe eziyisikhombisa enyakatho yeNetherlands futhi kubeke isisekelo sokuba esizayo Republic ezimele.

Ngu 1588 Spanish, lapho umbusi Netherlands Alessandro Farnese, iNkosana Parma, reconquered amazwe eningizimu aphansi. Ukuzalwa kuka-Dutch Republic enyakatho lahlaselwa. Kodwa Spain parallel kwaholela emkhankasweni wempi ngokumelene naseFrance, esangenza Netherlands ukuqala esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo

Ngesikhathi kuthula engu-nambili (nge 1609) kwemingcele Dutch State bagcina isilungisiwe.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, Netherlands wobunxiwankulu revolution ihlanganisa neminyaka yokuqala ayisihlanu ukulwa phakathi eSpain-Netherlands (1568 -1618). Phakathi nezinyanga zokugcina koleminyaka engamatshumi amathathu langaphezulu (1618 -1648) ukungqubuzana Spain neNetherlands, waba ihlanganiswe ne nempi eYurophu, eyaziwa ngokuthi iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu '.