Historiography - a historiography Russian ...

Ungakwazi yini ukukhumbula lapho sifunda ngonxantathu umlando esikoleni noma ekolishi? Ngakho kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba ezithakazelisayo? Kungenzeka impendulo yakho kuzoya indlela indaba uvezwa uthisha wakho. Uma nje ekwenza ngekhanda ngosuku oluthile, akumangalisi ukuthi indaba yayibonakala inakho "isithukuthezi ukufa." Nokho, mhlawumbe kwakungenjalo, futhi uthisha wakho kungenzeka ukuphefumula nokuphila ku isayensi zomlando. Lapho ekhuluma ngokuphila eGibhithe lasendulo noma ezikhathini Sparta eyibhalela zomlando ngokoqobo liphile ezingqondweni abafundi yonke into eziyibonayo. Ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi lo muntu zomlando ngokoqobo saphila engqondweni yakho? Nokho, uma kwakunjalo. Yin'indaba? Kungani uthisha indlela eyodwa ingaba zihluke kangaka eyomunye? Umehluko phakathi kumfundisi omuhle nasesibonelweni umlando omubi kuyafana umehluko phakathi umlando elomile historiography. It kuvela, historiography izigaba bavame ukuchaza izenzakalo kuyinto livelier kakhulu. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani.

Kuyini historiography?

Historiography - is, uma sikubeka kalula, ukutholakala kolwazi ephelele ehlelekile owembula okushiwo umkhuba ikakhulukazi emlandweni. Unganikeza isibonelo esilula. historiography Biblical - iqoqo ulwazi oluqoqiwe ngabantu samaJuda ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli, ukutholakala izifundo olufanele emkhakheni wemivubukulo, nesilulumagama ngolimi lwesiHebheru futhi iyatholakala okutholwe yisayensi; uhlelo iyacaca zomlando amaqiniso ngqo noma ubufakazi ahlotshiswe thematically.

Uma sikhuluma lolu hlobo lokucwaninga, njengoba isayensi, kuyilapho historiography - isiyalo ukuthi ufunda umlando nokuhamba kwawo. Historiography uqaphe izinga ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi umklamo ecacile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekiswa ukuhlobana ulwazi abacwaningi, okuyiwona yena laligcwele. Ngokusho isichazamazwi Ozhegova, historiography - isayensi ukuthuthukiswa elwati wokuxovela umlando we izindlela zocwaningo zomlando.

historiography Umsuka

Historiography - indlela ucwaningo zomlando, isihambile Croce, lapho ungase ubone umlando ubuhlobo uju kanye nefilosofi. Kungani kunesidingo salokhu isayensi? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphezu ukuqapha kanye okuqoshiwe amaqiniso, kukhona njalo isidingo ukunikeza incazelo izenzakalo. Futhi ukubukwa zaziwa ukuba abantu abahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bathi umbono efanele ngokoqobo kumele ngempela yini ukuthonya indlela izindaba ukuchaza umbono wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Croce enamathiselwe ukubaluleka okukhulu kuze kube manje.

Njengoba izincwadi zomlando - ngokuvamile nje kokwethula Ngokombono subjective umbono wombhali, okungase kuhluke kakhulu kusukela ngokoqobo, kubalulekile njengoba iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo, kanye cwaningo indlela efanele. Nokho, imiqondo emibili ayikwazi ngokuthi bahlukene. Kunalokho, iphuzu ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele umbono. Uma kubalwa izikhathi kusuke inikeza kuphela amaqiniso, kuyilapho indaba - lokho ekuphileni. Chronicle elahlekile esikhathini esidlule futhi umlando yesimanje ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iyiphi indaba okungenanzuzo liphenduka umlando banal. Ngokusho Croce, indaba ayikwazanga uvela zemihla ngemihla, kanye eziphilayo akusho kuvela kwabafile.

umlando philological

Uyini umlando philological? Le ndlela, lapho, isibonelo, imisebenzi zomlando eziningana, noma izincwadi ungathola omunye. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ngesiRashiya ulimi sokuhlanganiswa - union zocwaningo angaphandle kanye imibono ngaphandle self-ukucutshungulwa imithombo eyinhloko. Ekusebenziseni le ndlela yomuntu asikho isidingo ukucinga ngokusebenzisa entabeni izincwadi, kodwa umphumela etholwe ngenxa cwaningo, has kancane iyize. Sithola amaqiniso oluze, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, okuthembekile, kodwa silahlekelwa into ebaluleke kakhulu - umlando ophilayo. Ngakho, indaba kusekelwe kolimi, okungenzeka kuyiqiniso, kodwa akukho qiniso. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ungase uthande ukuba bakwazi ukuqinisekisa abanye kanye ngokwabo nokuthi iyiphi idokhumenti - kuba nengxabano obungenakuphikwa esivuna iqiniso. Ngakho, ababona nje umlando compilers, ukufuna iqiniso ngaphakathi kubo, kodwa ageje lokho into ebaluleke kakhulu. indlela enjalo akakwazi omubi ekukhuleni historiography kweqiniso.

Into eyodwa kabanzi mayelana umsuka historiography

Uma sikhuluma lokho historiography Soviet, noma yimuphi omunye, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba le nkulumo isho ukuthi lokho kusho, okungukuthi, "indaba le ncwadi" (Graphos - incwadi). Nokho, kamuva, izinto zishintshile, futhi namuhla, ngoba le nkulumo ukubona umlando ngomlando ngokwawo. Phakathi kwalabo amela umsuka historiography kungenziwa ngokuthi S. M. Soloveva, V. O. Klyuchevskogo futhi P. N. Milyukova. Bona, njengabantu abathile abanye, ehlola ukuthi ezicatshangwayo ezisekelwe emaqinisweni, futhi uhlelo Sekuvele kufakazelwe. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ososayensi baye basungula lonke Palette yesayensi ucwaningo zomlando. Ngaphezu ucwaningo ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuba igama kanye nabanye elicwengwé ukubaluleka historiography njengoba isayensi, futhi ubani wachaza indlela okwenzeka ngayo ukwakha ukutadisha esidlule, usebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, historiography philological ngaphezu imibono ewumngcingo zomhlaba. Kunalokho, kungamandla ngomzamo kabusha izwe njengoba lalinjalo kwamakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule, nesifiso iso yokucabanga ngalezo zikhathi zasendulo ngisho nasezindabeni okuvusa ekuphileni nokuhlangenwe nakho zabantu ababephila kudala.

mlando Meaning

Injongo eyinhloko yawo historiography kuyinto ukuqonda okuphelele yesikhathi esidlule neyamanje, umlando njengoba isayensi. Ngenxa wakhe, kungenzeka ukunquma indaba ozokhula ohlangothini, futhi wenze ucwaningo esinembile. Ngenxa historiography kungenzeka ukulungiselela ochwepheshe abanolwazi kakhudlwana emkhakheni emlandweni.

Eqinisweni, phakathi kwesayensi ukuzijayeza kuyoba a gap omkhulu, uba babengabakithi ayixhunyiwe le historiography of imfundiso liphenduka ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma mlando professional uyazi umsuka isayensi, yena abacwaningi kanye lifundisa, kuyasiza ukuba ube uchwepheshe omkhulu ensimini yakhe.

imizamo Modern ukuthi kwandiswe isibalo umbono historiography

Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa adlule, ke benza imizamo emikhulu ukuze alethe ukubukeka okusha ngesikhathi emlandweni wesayensi zomlando. Phakathi kungenzeka ezincwadini ezinyatheliswa okukhulunywa ikakhulukazi iqoqo "historiography namaSoviet", edition 1996, kanye incwadi "Patriotic isayensi ngokomlando nenkathi yamaSoviet" (2002). Akufanele kusimangaze unesithakazelo esikhethekile ku historiography zamuva, kusukela isivulela ngokujulile yomlando.

historiography Russian

Nemizamo ukuqinisekisa bona ukuqonda kangcono umlando Russia - akukusha. Njengoba iminyaka yayihamba, abantu bashintshe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, washintsha futhi lisondela esifundweni. umlando Ngasekuqaleni wafunda ngaphezulu ngenhloso ukuthola izibonelo yesikhathi esidlule. Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi historiography Russian kwamiswa bedle ifilosofi izikhathi ayephila kuso umcwaningi. Providence, akuhlobene izimfundiso zemiBhalo kweqiniso, ngeNkathi Ephakathi wakhonza njengephayona injini eyinhloko isifiso ukuqonda indaba. Uma noma yimuphi umcimbi noma ingozi zibangelwa uNkulunkulu vmeshateltvu, ukungalinaki iqiniso lokuthi is ngokucacile okushiwo iBhayibheli: "Lo muntu obusa umuntu kwaba ukulimala kwakhe." Ngakho imiBhalo ibonisa ukuthi nganoma yisiphi zishintshile emlandweni wemfanelo wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke abantu abazikhiqizayo kubo. historiography Russian lase futhi aphethwe lawo ezisekelwe emaqinisweni, ukucabanga.

Isethulo lwamaSlav

Nakuba namuhla akuyona ncamashi aziwa imibono bonke abantu ezazikhona izikhathi Kievan Rus, kodwa kudingeka sihlole amaqiniso, kodwa ungabona ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona ezinganekwaneni eziningi nezingoma elitjengisa ukubukwa emhlabeni lwamaSlav lasendulo. imibono yabo mayelana nezwe ngokuphelele sihluke lanamuhla. Nakuba wokusanhlamvu qiniso, mhlawumbe, ukuthi bake baphila, ngokuvamile, akekho owayezobhekwa bayasethemba kwaneliswa nezifiso ezinjalo. Ungakwazi Nokho, lapho belalela amazwi omunye umbhali owakhuliswa okuthiwa nke iculo Slavic, epics, yezinganekwane netaga "isithunzi nokuhlakanipha abantu." Ngamanye amazwi, abantu owabhala kubo, wacabanga ngendlela efanayo.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leholele amaqiniso angokomlando entsha, futhi ukwanda kolwazi ku indlela ekutadisheni emlandweni wesayensi uqobo kwaba ngcono. With ukuvela nombono omusha futhi yakamuva yokubhala yesayensi sochneny indaba washintsha nezimiso ucwaningo yayo ku ngcono.

Long-ukuma ezama ukugcina kwezikhathi

Ukufunda imisebenzi yesayensi eminingi yasendulo ngomlando, uzophawula onentshisekelo isici sici - indaba ezinye izenzakalo ngokuvamile iqala ukuntwela isikhathi zakanichalas Okwamanje, lapho umtloli bekahlala. Ukuze ososayensi zanamuhla Imininingwane ezibaluleke kakhudlwana ukuthi mlando esithile sabhala mayelana izikhathi ayephila kuso, njengoba lolu lwazi yilona othembeke kunabo futhi eqotho. Ukutadisha imisebenzi abalobi ezahlukene abonisa ukuthi ngisho ke kwaba khona umehluko lokubukwa abantu ohlukile ezindabeni efanayo. Ngakho, abantu abahlukahlukene ngokuvamile unombono ohlukile kakhulu umcimbi ethize yomlando.

Yini esiyifundile?

Ngakho, sakwazi ugxumela Ephakathi futhi ubone ukuthi ephawulekayo izindlela ezahlukene ukuze ucwaningo, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sethu. Sasibona kafushane lokho inomthelela ukuthuthukiswa komlando njengoba isayensi kubhekwe kuka flat Indlela yesayensi lihlukile izifundo real bukhoma, lapho Umnyango uyavuleka izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda, namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi historiography. Ukusebenzisa lwati lolutfolakele isifundo somuntu siqu, uzokwazi ukwenza umlando yokufunda fun for wena nabanye. Historiography we Kievan Rus 'mlando Russian manje wena hhayi prolema.