Umlando njengoba isayensi

Umlando - isayensi ekubhekaneni ekutadisheni imisebenzi othile ongumuntu esikhathini esidlule. Kwenza Singakwazi yini ukuthola izimbangela ezenzeka eside phambi kwethu, futhi ezinsukwini zethu. Iphathelene inqwaba eyala social science.

Umlando njengoba isayensi, akukho esingaphansi engu 2500. Umsunguli wawo kubhekwa isazi isiGreki Umlobi womlando uHerodotus. Endulo lesi isayensi kubaluleke futhi wayekubheka njengelungelo "umeluleki wokuphila." EGrisi lasendulo, nomvikeli wakhe unkulunkulukazi yena Clio, wahlanganyela ukukhazinyuliswa amadoda nonkulunkulu.

Umlando - lokhu akulona nje isitatimende ngalokho okwenzekile ngamakhulu ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Akukona ngisho nje ukutadisha izinqubo kanye izinto ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Empeleni, injongo yalo nangokujulile. It enganikezi abantu bayazi ukukhohlwa osekudlulile, kepha lolu lwazi iwukuba ufundelwe esebenzayo nesizayo. Lena - liyinqolobane yokuhlakanipha lasendulo nolwazi kwabantu, ezindabeni zezempi, nokunye okuningi. Khohlwa esidlule - kusho ukukhohlwa amasiko abo, ifa. amaphutha kanye yinoma zingeniswe, akufanele ilibaleke, hhayi ukuphinda nabo nesizayo.

Igama elithi "Umlando" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "uphenyo". Lena incazelo efanele kakhulu, lathathwa esiGrekini. Umlando njengoba isayensi ayaphenya ngalesi izenzakalo ezenzeka, kanye nemiphumela yabo. Kodwa le ncazelo namanje alibonisi wonke essence. Okwakushiwo ihlandla lesibili kungase kube ukubona komuntu, njengoba "indaba ngalokho okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule."

Umlando njengoba isayensi kubhekene kuyanda entsha e Yempucuko. Ikakhulu, i-Krug sefilosofi ekugcineni kunqunywa endaweni yakhe ezimfundisweni ohlelweni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, wakulungisa sazi French Naville. Yena isayensi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu, omunye eyayilinyazwe ngokuthi - "Umlando"; ke kwadingeka ukuba bafake wezitshalo, ngokuphila kwezilwane, ukufunda izinkanyezi, kanye nomlando wabo siqu njengoba isayensi esidlule kanye namagugu lwesintu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu ngezigaba usebhekene izinguquko ezithile.

Umlando njengoba isayensi izama ukhonkolo, kudinga ubufakazi ikhombe yena nezinsuku, kwezikhathi nezehlakalo. Nokho, ihlobene eduze nezinye izinto. Ngokwemvelo, phakathi yokugcina kwaba kwengqondo. Kule minyaka emibili kwekhulu lakhiwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuthuthukiswa lamazwe nezizwe, ikhumbula 'uvalo social "kanye nezinye izenzakalo ezifanayo. Ngo imfundiso ezinjalo nomthelela etshaliwe kanye abadumile Freud sasho. Ngenxa yalokho yalezizifundo, igama elithi entsha - psychohistory. Isayensi, waveza leli mqondo ukufunda isisusa yezenzo ngabanye esikhathini esidlule.

Umlando elihlobene ne-nqubomgomo. Yingakho-ke kungahunyushwa ngendlela evumelana nombono wazo, Wagcwalisa kanye zhivopisuya ezinye zezenzakalo futhi indiva ngokucophelela abanye. Ngeshwa, kuleli cala, zonke inani layo iphele.

Umlando njengoba isayensi has imisebenzi emine esemqoka: engqondweni yethu, yamaSoviet, ezemfundo kanye nama-practical. Eyokuqala ukunika inani ulwazi ngezenzakalo nama-epoch. Umsebenzi sempilo yalelozwe kuhilela incazelo izenzakalo ezidlule. Ingqikithi yalo umkhuba - ukuqonda ezinye izinqubo zomlando inhloso, "izimfundiso amaphutha abanye" futhi uyeke izinqumo subjective. umsebenzi Sikhungo kuhilela kumiswa izwe, ukuziphatha okuhle, nokuzwana umuzwa unembeza kanye nesibopho emphakathini.