X-emisebeni

X-ray, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa physics, kuyinto emisebeni kagesi, kabani nombono siyahlukahluka basukela nanometer 0,001 ku-50. Kwatholakala e 1895 yi-physics V.K.Rentgenom German.

Ngokwemvelo, lezi imisebe zihlobene solar emisebeni yelanga. Ngo nomkhakha we ray solar omude kunayo yonke amaza omsakazo ukuphi. Ngemuva kwabo kuyinto ukukhanya infrared ukuthi amehlo ethu cha perceive, kodwa Siyakwazi yini ukuwuzwa njengoba ukushisa. Okulandelayo ukuza imisebe esuka obomvu violet. Khona - UV (A, B no-C). Futhi emva kwakhe -X-ray kanye gamma rays.

X- ngemisebe (X-ray) ingatholakala ngezindlela ezimbili: lapho unyathela amabhuleki asendabeni izinhlayiya icala futhi electron aphuma izingqimba ephakeme ngaphakathi lapho kukhululwa amandla Ukudlula therethrough.

Ngokungafani ukukhanya ebonakalayo, lezi imisebe abe obuphelele esikhulu kakhulu, ngakho bayakwazi ukungena izinto opaque, ngaphandle kokuba kubonakala, refracted, hhayi ngaphandle ukuqongelela kuzo.

Bremsstrahlung uthole lula. izinhlayiya icala ngesikhathi unyathela amabhuleki ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana emisebeni kagesi. Kukhula ukusheshisa we izinhlayiya nokuhlale unyathela amabhuleki, yingakho libukhali, aba maningi elakhiwe x-ray ngemisebe wavelength yayo iba ezincane. Ezimweni eziningi practice wenziwa ray isizukulwane ngesikhathi deceleration of electron ukudla okuqinile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule umthombo emisebeni, ukugwema ingozi njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye ngoba X-ray zinyamalale ngokuphelele lapho amandla kuvaliwe.

Umthombo ovame kakhulu emisebeni enjalo - -X-ray tube. It sasikhipha emisebeni akuyona iyunifomu. Kuyinto samanje futhi ezithambile (wave eside) futhi kube lukhuni (short-wave) evela ngaphandle. Soft libhekene yokuthi is ngokuphelele amuncwa umzimba womuntu, ngakho umonakalo ngemisebe ye-X ray kuletha kabili kunalokho ezinzima. Lapho ngokweqile ngemisebe kagesi ezicutshini womuntu ionization kungalimaza amaseli bese DNA.

Tube - ngamapayipi cleaner nge electrode amabili - cathode emibi engapheli yabezindaba anode omuhle. Lapho Ukushisa we cathode shabalala therefrom electron ke basuke kwadlanga kakhulu ngawo inkambu kagesi. Ebhekene nazo okuqinile anodes, sebengaqala okusithiyayo okuyinto kuhambisana ekushayweni emisebeni kagesi.

X-emisebeni kabani izakhiwo kabanzi imithi, kusekelwe ukuthola umfanekiso isithunzi into yokuhlola esikrinini ebucayi. Uma umzimba kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini kukhanye ugodo ray okufanayo, projection ethunzi ukuthi umzimba izodluliselwa ngaphandle ukuhlanekezela (kulingana). Ekusebenteni, umthombo emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni njenge-iphuzu, ngakho-ke sise ibanga kusukela kumuntu futhi kusukela esibukweni.

Ukuze uthole i-X-ray, umuntu ibekwe phakathi tube-X-ray kanye isikrini noma ifilimu, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi imitshina ngemisebe. Ngenxa yalokho irradiation e ithambo isithombe nezinye izicubu zomzimba obukhulu ziyabonakala ngesimo izithunzi okubeka obala bheka Ngokuphambene ngaphezulu ngokumelene isizinda ezindaweni ezingabalulekile ekhululekile awuchaza ngokunembile izicubu nge ukumuncwa kancane. On-X ray umuntu eba "lulwimi lutho".

Ukusabalalisa, X-ray ungakwazi kumelwe bahlakazeke, futhi ugxile. Ngaphambi ukumuncwa imisebe izophela amakhulu amamitha emoyeni. Endabeni obukhulu ke amuncwa umzimba ngokushesha okungaka. Biological izicubu womuntu kukhona heterogeneous, ngakho ukumuncwa imisebe incike kwabantu izidumbu izicubu. Bone izicubu ubamba imisebe ngokushesha kunokuba kwezicubu ezithambile, ngoba iqukethe into kokuba okusezingeni eliphezulu izinombolo athomu. Izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya (kuyizinhlayiyana olulodwa ray) esikuthola by kwezicubu ezihlukeneko zomzimba womuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuthola Ngokuphambene yesithombe-X-ray.