Inani labantu base-India neChina: idatha esemthethweni futhi izibikezelo. inqubomgomo iChina neNdiya elimelela

Inani labantu base-India neChina liyakhula ngokushesha njalo ngonyaka. Okwamanje, isibalo sabantu abahlala Umhlaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 7.2. Nokho, njengoba ochwepheshe UN ukubikezela ukuthi ngo 2050, lesi sibalo kungenzeka ukufinyelela $ 9.6 billion.

Amazwe zomhlaba labantu elikhulu kunawo wonke lilinganiselwa ngo-2016

Cabanga angu-10 lapho abantu likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, njengoba of 2016:

1. China - yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 1,374.
2. India - yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 1,283.
3. United States - 322 694 000.
4. Indonesia - 252.164.000.
5. Brazil - 205 521 000.
6. Pakistan - 192 million.
7. Nigeria - 173.615.000.
8. Bangladesh - 159.753.000.
9. Russia - 146 544 000.
10. Japan - 127,130 mln.

Njengoba singabona ohlwini, labantu, iNdiya neChina yiwona eziningi kakhulu, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-36% we umphakathi wonke jikelele. Kodwa-UN ochwepheshe umbiko, isithombe lokubala ubuningi babantu e 2028 zizoshintsha kakhulu. Uma manje isikhundla okuholela kungokwalabo China ke emva kweminyaka 11-12, abantu India kuyoba ngaphezu e China.

Ngemva konyaka, lapho kuwo ngamunye kula mazwe Kubikezelwa isibalo sabantu ngaphakathi 1.45 billion. Kodwa ijubane zokwenyuka kwenani labantu eChina izoyenqaba, kuyilapho e-India, ukwanda kwabantu uzoqhubeka kuze kube-yalolucwaningo 50 Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka.

Iyini inhlanganiso labantu eChina?

Inani labantu base-China ngo-2016 abantu 1.374.440.000. Naphezu indawo enkulu yezwe, China akuyona ezinabantu abaningi. Ukuthola abantu Chinese engalingani ngenxa eziningana ezindawo. Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu 1 square kilometre abantu 138. Cishe ukusebenza olufanayo amazwe asethuthukile European ezifana Poland, Portugal, France ne-Switzerland.

labantu baseNdiya for 2016 lingaphansi kuka eChina, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-90, kodwa ukuminyana salo 2.5 ephakeme izikhathi futhi abantu mayelana 363 per 1 square kilometre.

Uma insimu yamaShayina is hhayi ixazululwe ngokuphelele, kungani kunokuhlupheka ukukhuluma ngemiphumela engase ibangelwe ukwanda? Ngempela, le idatha isilinganiso ayikwazi ukubonisa yonke okushiwo inkinga. EChina, kukhona izindawo lapho kwabantu bakhona 1 square kilometre ezinkulungwaneni, isibonelo: e-Hong Kong bangamaphesenti 6.500, kuyilapho e-Macau - 21 000. Siyini isizathu salokhu mkhuba? Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi babo:

• izimo zezulu;
• indawo insimu ethile;
• Uphiko kwezomnotho lezifunda ngabanye.

Uma Ukuqhathanisa iNdiya neChina, futhi insimu ka isimo yesibili likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa ingxenye asentshonalanga nasenyakatho yezwe empeleni engahlalwa muntu. Kulezi izifundazwe, iyiphi i-akhawunti cishe 50% yonke insimu yezwe, iyikhaya% 6 kuphela abantu. Cishe eyihlane kubhekwe ezintabeni zakwa-Tibet kanye Takla Makan futhi Gobi.

Kubantu baseChina ngowezi-2016 inani elikhulu bagxila ezindaweni ezivundile ezweni lonke, okwakuhilela sandile North China Plain, futhi eduze nemifula emikhulu - umfula iYangtze futhi Pearl River.

Nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e China

emadolobheni omkhulu Ezigidini zezakhamuzi kuyinsakavukela eChina. I izindawo ngobukhulu wedolobha yilezi:

• Shanghai. Kulomuzi, kukhona izakhamuzi eziyizigidi 24. Itholakala port esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
• Beijing - iyinhloko-dolobha yase-China. Nansi uhulumeni wombuso kanye nezinye izinhlangano yokuphathwa. Lo muzi inabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-21.

Ukuze megacities kukhona Harbin, Tianjin futhi Guangzhou.

Abantu Chinese

The main ingxenye abakhileyo Ephakathi uMbuso Han ubuzwe (91.5% abantu sebebonke). Futhi ensimini ka China iyikhaya 55 anabambalwa ngokohlanga. Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu lezi:

• Chuang - 16 million.
• IsiManchu - abayizigidi ezingu-10.
• NabaseTibet - 5 million.

abantu Small Loba ayinakho abantu abangaphezu kuka-3,000.

Inkinga software umkhiqizo

Inani labantu base-India neChina yiwona eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni, yingakho kukhona esiphuthumayo inkinga ukudla ilungiselelo kulezi zindawo.

EChina inani umhlabathi olimekayo cishe 8% endaweni ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, ezindaweni ezithile umhlaba kungangcoliswa imfucuza kanye engafanele kulinywe. Phakathi inkinga ukudla wezwe ayikwazi ixazululwe ngenxa yokuntuleka omkhulu ukudla. Ngakho-ke, abatshalizimali Chinese bathenga up inqwaba imisebenzi yezolimo kanye ukudla, futhi uthathe rent evundile kwamanye amazwe (Ukraine, eRussia, eKazakhstan).

inselelo isinqumo lobuholi republic sika ngqo iqhaza. Kuphela ngo 2013 etshaliwe bhiliyoni 12 zamadola ukuthengwa yokudla emhlabeni wonke.

Inani labantu base-India ngo-2016 kudlulwe 1.2 billion, futhi kwabantu isilinganiso luyanda abantu 363 per 1 square kilometre. Lezi zibalo ukwandisa umthwalo cropland. Kunzima kakhulu ukuze bathole ukudla okuningi abantu, futhi inkinga wawuhlanganisa unyaka ngamunye. Inani elikhulu labantu baseNdiya uhlala ngaphasi kwelizinga lebuphuya, uhulumeni kumele yente inqubomgomo labantu ngandlela-thile nomthelela isimo. Imizamo anqande ukukhula okusheshayo labantu kwethulwa esuka phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule.

inqubomgomo kwedemografikhi of China neNdiya okuhloswe ngaso elawula ukukhula isibalo sabantu kula mazwe.

Izici Inqubomgomo lokubala ubuningi babantu e China

Nokwanda yaseChina kosongo umkhiqizo kanye bomnotho zaphoqa Uhulumeni ukuthatha amagadango ukuvimbela izimo ezifanayo. Kuze kube yimanje, sisungule uhlelo yokulawula lokuzalwa. It yethulwa ukugqugquzela uhlelo uma esekhulile ingane 1 kuphela umndeni, nalabo ababefuna ukukhokhela izingane 2-3 kwakudingeka akhokhe inhlawulo eningi. Akuwona wonke umuntu kuleli zwe angakwazi ukukhokhela okunethezeka enjalo. Nakuba ezincane emisha ngeke ukusakaza. Babevunyelwe babe ezimbili kubuye ngasikhatsi tibe tintsatfu izingane.

Inani lamadoda e China obusa labantu besifazane, ngakho ukuzalwa amantombazane kuyakhuthazwa.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo zinyathelo ngofaka State, inkinga engase ibangelwe ukwanda okukhulu namanje uhlala ezingaxazululeki.

Ukwethulwa kwe-Inqubomgomo lokubala ubuningi babantu ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi "umndeni owodwa - nengane eyodwa" kuye kwaholela imiphumela engemihle. Kuze kube manje, China ubelokhu ukuguga zesizwe, okungukuthi, abantu abaneminyaka engama-65, kukhona cishe 8%, ngesilinganiso 7%. Njengoba kungekho kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo yempesheni, anakekele le mpophoma abadala emahlombe izingane zabo. Kuba nzima nakakhulu kubantu asebekhulile abahlala nalaba noma ungenayo izingane zabo ezikhubazekile.

Enye inkinga enkulu ubulili ukungalingani China. Kule minyaka edlule, inani abafana okusetshenziswe amantombazane. 100 Abesifazane zaba amadoda angaba ngu-120. Izizathu izinkinga ezinjalo zibangelwa ubulili umbungu ukunquma ubulungu senyanga yokuqala sokukhulelwa kanye izisu amaningi. Ngokwezibalo, kucatshangwa ukuthi 3-4 iminyaka inani Bachelors kuleli zwe uyofinyelela 25 million.

Inqubomgomo kwedemografikhi eNdiya

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule inani labantu baseChina neNdiya selikhule ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa okuyinto inkinga yokuhlela umndeni kula mazwe babehilelekile ezingeni wombuso. Ekuqaleni, uhlelo Inqubomgomo labantu kuhlanganisiwe zokuvimbela inzalo ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle imindeni. Emazweni amaningi asathuthuka India ingenye owokuqala wathatha umbuzo ocishe ufane. Uhlelo wethulwa 1951. Ukuze ulawule izinga lokuzalwa, indlela zokuvimbela inzalo futhi inzalo, okuyinto kwenziwa ngokuzithandela. Abesilisa uyavumelana eyohlinzwa ezinjalo, ukugqugquzela States ukunikeza umvuzo ukheshi.

labantu besilisa anda oqavile phezu insikazi. Kusukela lolu hlelo kwaba ingaphumeleli, ke some ngo-1976. Abesilisa abaye izingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, baphoqeleka inzalo.

In the 50s kwekhulu elidlule eNdiya bavunyelwa ukuba ashade nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-15 futhi amadoda engu-22. Ngo-1978, leli isilinganiso senyuselwa 18 no-23 iminyaka ngokulandelana.

Ngo-1986, nakho China pocherpnuv eNdiya izinga isethelwe izingane 2 umndeni ngamunye.

Ngo-2000, izinguquko eziphawulekayo Kwenziwa inqubomgomo emayelana. inkomba Main senziwa yokukhulisa ituthuko izimo zokuphila zemindeni ngokunciphisa isibalo sezingane.

India. izindawo amakhulu nobuzwe

Emadolobheni amakhulu yezwe iyikhaya cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomphakathi wamaNdiya. kuyinto ezindaweni ngobukhulu wedolobha:

• EBombay (15 ppm).
• Calcutta (13M).
• Delhi (11M).
• Madras (6 m).

India - ezweni elixube, iyikhaya zezizwe ezihlukahlukene ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 nezinhlanga. Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu yilezi:

• amaHindu;
• Bengalis;
• Marathi;
• Tamils nabanye abaningi.

Ukuze izizwe ezincane zihlanganisa:

• Naga;
• Manipuri;
• Garo;
• miso;
• tiper.

Mayelana 7% basonta zakwa emuva, okuholela endleleni cishe bakudala zokuphila.

Kungani inqubomgomo India elimelela ayiphumeleli kahle kuka China?

izici zenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho, iNdiya neChina zihluke nomunye. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehluleka futhi inqubomgomo lokubala ubuningi babantu ka amaHindu. Cabanga eziyinhloko ngenxa okungakwazi kakhulu ezithinta ukukhula sabantu:

1. Okukodwa abantu India ezibhekwa abe mpofu.
2. izinga lemfundo liphansi kakhulu kuleli zwe.
3. Ukuhambisana ngemibhedesho ezihlukahlukene.
4. umshado Early ngokuvumelana namasiko Kweminyaka.

ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi e saseKerala kwenani labantu aphansi kuleli zwe. Isifunda efanayo kubhekwa amaningi afundile. abantu abangakwazi ukufunda nokubhala 91%. Ngomuntu wesifazane ngamunye ezweni unezingane 5, kuyilapho izakhamuzi Kerala - okungenani ezimbili.

Ochwepheshe bathi iminyaka engu-2 labantu ngaphandle kwelaseNdiya neChina kuyoba bucishe bulingane.