Isifunda sonozungezilanga. Ubukhulu sonozungezilanga

Solar System - isakhiwo encane e esikalini universe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bawo komuntu ngempela enkulu: ngamunye wethu ophilayo emhlabeni lesihlanu ngobukhulu sekunzima ngisho ukuhlola isikali Zomhlaba. Usayizi indlu yethu nesizotha, cishe wazizwa kuphela uma ubuka it kusuka window mkhathi. kuphakama nomuzwa ofanayo ngesikhathi upheqa Telescope izifinyezo "Hubble": Umkhathi wethu omkhulu nesimiso sikanozungezilanga ithatha ingxenye encane yawo. Nokho, kwaba wakhe singafunda futhi uhlole, besebenzisa imininingwane nokuchazwa isikhala imihlola ezijulile.

izixhumanisi jikelele

Indawo Solar System, ososayensi kunqunywa ubufakazi bezimo, njengoba singamboni bebona ukuma ingxenye galaxy. Umkhathi wethu ucezu etholakala omunye izingalo Kuvunguza kuyi-Milky Way. Orion emikhonweni, ibizwa kanjalo ngoba sidlule eduze umlaza eponymous ubhekwa egatsheni main imikhono Galactic. Ilanga itholakala eduze emaphethelweni disk kunase isikhungo: Ibanga kuya wesibili lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 26 iminyaka ukukhanya.

Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi indawo ucezu umkhathi wethu has omunye inzuzo phezu kwezinye. On wonke Umthala we Solar System, i-Milky Way enezinkanyezi ukuthi ngenxa yemvelo ukunyakaza kwabo kanye nokuxhumana nezinye izinto ezinhle abangene bagamanxa izingalo Kuvunguza, it kuvela kuzo. Nokho, kukhona encane esifundeni esibizwa corotation ububanzi lapho ijubane izingalo Kuvunguza kanye iphuzu inkanyezi. Lapho esebekwe ukuba abe lapha umzimba cosmic is bangaveziwe izinqubo enobudlova ngqo imikhono. Ngu corotation umbuthano libhekisela ilanga namaplanethi. Leso simo ubhekwa omunye izimo ezibe nomthelela ukuvela lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Isifunda sonozungezilanga

Umzimba emaphakathi wanoma imuphi umphakathi kwamaplanethi - liyinkanyezi. Igama sonozungezilanga inikeza impendulo oluphelele yombuzo uhamba ukukhanya emhlabeni Umhlaba nomakhelwane balo. Sun - isizukulwane sesithathu izinkanyezi phakathi nokuphila yayo umjikelezo. Likhanya iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.5. Cishe inani elifanayo abaphendukela emhlabeni.

Isikimu sonozungezilanga namuhla siqukethe amaplanethi eziyisishiyagalombili: Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, i-Uranus ne-Neptune (okwenzeka Pluto, ngezansi). Basuke kunemibandela ngamaqembu amabili: amaplanethi eliwumhlaba negesi imidondoshiya.

"Izihlobo"

Uhlobo lokuqala amaplanethi, njengoba leli gama lisikisela, ihlanganisa Earth. Ngaphezu kwalokho nalokho it fanele Mercury, Venus ne-Mars. zonke zibe iqoqo izici ezifanayo. amaplanethi Terrestrial aqukethe ikakhulu silicates nezinsimbi. Basuke izimpawu a kwabantu eliphezulu. Bonke babe isakhiwo esifanayo: i core yensimbi zihambisana nge admixture nickel silicate isiphuku, le topsheet - amagxolo, ehlanganisa i-elibona nxazonke Silicon elementi engahambelani. Sakhiwo efanayo sinqamukile kuphela Mercury. Emincane kakhulu futhi iplanethi eziseduze Sun akanawo uqweqwe: kuba bombardment ubhujiswe.

Iplanethi enkulu iqembu - kuba Earth, kulandele Venus ke Mars. Kukhona i-oda ezithile zesimiso sonozungezilanga: amaplanethi eliwumhlaba ezakha elingaphakathi yayo futhi abahlukene imidondoshiya yegesi ibhande elisemkhathini.

amaplanethi ezinkulu

Isibalo igesi imidondoshiya zihlanganisa Jupiter, Saturn, i-Uranus ne-Neptune. Bonke inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela izinto eliwumhlaba. Giants abe kwabantu aphansi, futhi ngokuphambene eqenjini odlule amaplanethi aqukethe e-hydrogen,-helium, i-ammonia ne-methane. Amaplanethi amakhulu baye njengoba ebusweni enjalo, kubhekwa ukwehlisa esinikelweko umngcele ungqimba umkhathi. Zonke izinto ezine ngokushesha okukhulu uphendukisa emhlabeni axis awo, abe izindandatho iziphuphutheki. Umxhwele kakhulu usayizi iplanethi - Jupiter. Yena kuhambisana ngenani elikhulu iziphuphutheki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emasongweni ewumbukwane - Saturn.

Izici igesi giant oxhumene. Uma kunjalo ngobukhulu Earth, kwakuyodingeka ube yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile. hydrogen Lokulingene ingagcina kuphela iplanethi kokuba mass ngokwanele ezinkulu.

amaplanethi yemifino

Sekuyisikhathi ukuhlola yini isimiso sonozungezilanga - Grade 6. Lapho abadala namuhla zazikhona ngalesi yobudala, ukucinga indikimba yendaba cosmic wabheka ngokuhlukile kancane kubo. Isifunda sonozungezilanga ngesikhathi kuhlanganisiwe amaplanethi ayisishiyagalolunye. Uhlu kokugcina Pluto. Kwaze kwaba 2006, lapho kuqala umhlangano IAU (International Astronomical Union) yokutholwa kwencazelo iplanethi, futhi Pluto saphela kuvumelane nalo. Elinye lamaphuzu yilesi: "Le planethi alawula orbit." I motion endleleni Pluto zaphazamisa ngamanye izinto esingeqile bangaphambili iplanethi Imininingwane lesishiyagalolunye isisindo. igama elithi "iplanethi yemifino" laqanjwa ngenxa Pluto nezinye izinto eziningana.

Kusukela 2006, zonke izindikimba zesimiso sonozungezilanga abangu-ke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• amaplanethi - izinto inkulu ngokwanele, ephethwe ukusula orbit;

• imizimba ezincane sonozungezilanga (asteroyidi) - izinto kokuba usayizi encane yokuthi abakwazi ukufinyelela yakhoibrium hydrostatic, okungukuthi, ukuthatha oyindilinga noma eseduze kuso yakha;

• iplanethi yemifino, bangazihluphi sesimweni Lesisemkhatsini phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili ezidlule: baye izuzwe yakhoibrium hydrostatic, kodwa akususiwe orbit.

Isigaba yokugcina manje ngokusemthethweni siqukethe izidumbu ezinhlanu: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, futhi Ceres. Lesi sakamuva libhekisela ibhande elisemkhathini. Makemake, Haumea futhi Pluto kungokwalabo Kuiper ibhande, futhi Eris - disc zihlakazeke.

ibhande elisemkhathini

A uhlobo umngcele esasihlukanisa amaplanethi eliwumhlaba kusukela igesi imidondoshiya, kulo ukhona wadalula Jupiter. Ngenxa yokuba khona iplanethi enkulu ibhande elisemkhathini enezinto eziningi izici. Ngakho, umfanekiso wakhe wanikeza umbono ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu mkhathi zone: umkhumbi kungenziwa kabana netshe elisemkhathini. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ngempela kuyiqiniso: umthelela Jupiter kwaholela yokuthi ibhande yinhlanganisela sasivumela kwaphela ka asteroyidi. Futhi umzimba lokho kumenza abe usayizi sasivumela nesizotha. Ngo inqubo ukwakha ibhande gravity Jupiter bathonya omise zemizimba esikhulu isikhala ukuthi isemanzini lapha. Ukungqubuzana njalo ezaholela ukubukeka izicucu. Ingxenye enkulu doti ngaphansi kwethonya Jupiter efanayo waxoshwa ngaphandle komthala.

Ungqimba Imininingwane yemizimba ezakha Asteroid Belt, ilingana% 4 kuphela mass of the Moon. Zakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo of izinsimbi namatshe. Umzimba ngobukhulu kule ndawo yiyona yemifino iplanethi Ceres, kulandele asteroyidi uPallas, Vesta, kanye gig.

I Kuiper ibhande

Isifunda sonozungezilanga futhi kuhlanganisa libe linye ugcwale asteroyidi. Kuyinto Kuiper Belt itholakala ngale emzileni Neptune. Izinhloso ezibekwe lapha, kuhlanganise Pluto, abizwa ngokuthi Trans-Neptunian. Ngokungafani ibhande asteroyidi phakathi Mars kanye Jupiter, zenziwe ice - amanzi, i-ammonia ne-methane. I Kuiper Belt izikhathi ezingu-20 ebanzi kuka netshe elisemkhathini futhi kakhulu okukhulu kakhulu kunalokho eliyikho.

Pluto e isakhiwo salo into evamile Kuiper Belt. Kuyinto endaweni elikhulu umzimba. Iphinde ibekwe kwamanye amaplanethi ezimbili yemifino: Makemake futhi Haumea.

idiski iyona

Ubukhulu sonozungezilanga akugcini le Kuiper ibhande. Ngemuva kuba okuthiwa disc iyona futhi esicabanga ukuthi kungaqhamuka Oort efwini. Eyokuqala ligamanxa ne Kuiper ibhande, kodwa asigcini kakhulu emkhathini. Lena ukuphela kwendawo lapho zizalwa iDemo-inkathi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila sonozungezilanga. Basuke izimpawu nesikhathi esemkhathini zeminyaka okungaphansi kuka-200.

Izinto zihlakazeke disk, kuhlanganise enomsila njengoba kusukela Kuiper ibhande umzimba sakhiwa ikakhulukazi ice.

I-Oort ifu

Isikhala lapho eside isikhathi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila zivela nesimiso sikanozungezilanga (nenkathi ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka), ebizwa ngokuthi i-Oort efwini. Kuze kube manje, abukho ubufakazi ngqo khona. Nokho wembula amaqiniso amaningi, ngokungaqondile eqinisekisa umbono.

Izazi zezinkanyezi bakholelwa ukuthi imingcele sangaphandle ngefu i-Oort asuswe Sun at ibanga 50 kuya 100,000 amayunithi yezinkanyezi. Ngokusho lingakanani, ke ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane izikhathi Kuiper ibhande disc zihlakazeke ndawonye. Umngcele elingaphandle Oort ifu, futhi ubhekwa umngcele zesimiso sonozungezilanga. izindawo etholakala lapha bavezwa izinkanyezi eliseduze. Ngenxa yalokho, bakha lezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezungeza okuyinto udabula ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi zesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele

Kuze kube manje, uhlelo solar - ingxenye kuphela aziwayo isikhala, lapho kunempilo khona. Okokugcina kungenzeka ivela khona oye wonakalisa Ukwakheka kohlelo kwamaplanethi futhi ukubekwa kwayo kumbuthano corotation. Izwe Itholakala "habitable zone" lapho elangeni iba ngaphansi elimazayo, kungaba njengokungathi ngifile njengoba omakhelwane bayo eliseduze. Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila evela ku Kuiper ibhande, disc nihlakazeke, kanye Oort ifu, futhi asteroyidi ezinkulu ozokugiriza hhayi kuphela Dinosaurs, kodwa ngisho kakhulu amathuba ophilayo ndaba. Kusukela kubo sisuke sivikelwe Jupiter omkhulu, Umdwebo ngokwayo izinto ezifana noma ukushintsha orbit yabo.

Phakathi nesifundo isakhiwo we isimiso sonozungezilanga-hard hhayi ukuba zithonywe anthropocentrism: kubonakala sengathi yonke benza konke kuphela ukuba abantu bakwazi ukuvela. Lena akunjalo, Nokho, isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa izimo, ukuhlukumeza kancane okwakuyoholela ibangele ukufa zonke izinto eziphilayo, ummango kanzima imicabango enjalo.