Astafyev, "Umalusi noMalusikazi": ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi, isifinyeto

Umlobi okhethekile ngumlobi wale ncwadi, imisebenzi yakhe nayo ayijwayelekile. Cha, mhlawumbe akabhali izinkondlo ku-prose. Nokho, ngokusebenzisa imigqa yakhe, ngamazwi kaVladimir Semenovich Vysotsky, umphefumulo "uhlale uhamba." UVictor Petrovich Astafyev wafunda iMpi yamaPatritic hhayi ngezwi lokuzwa. Wadlulisela okwejwayelekile, efika ngaphambili njengesivolontiya. Kungani engazange aphakanyiswe phambili kuze kube se-sergeant? Lokhu kungacaciswa ngaphandle kokufunda ngisho nomlando womlobi, kwanele ukufunda indaba yakhe "Umalusi noMalusikazi". Ukuhlaziywa kwalo msebenzi kubonisa ukuqonda okujulile ngumlobi wesimo esesabekayo, esingenabuntu sempi. Ukuze ulayishe, okungukuthi, ukuthumela abathintekayo ekufeni, nokuba ngumuntu wesimo esiphakeme, kukhona izinto ezingahambisani nazo.

Lesi sihloko sithinta indaba yakhe ethi "Umalusi noMalusikazi". Isishwankathelo somsebenzi ka-Astakhov sisenza siqiniseke ngokuvumelana okuphelele kohlobo lomlobi oyingqayizivele nomlando wamasosha oguqulelwe kabusha.

Isosha elizimele, impi edlule

Konke lokhu kuye kwaba nakho ngokugcwele. UViktor Petrovich walwa njengomshayeli wemoto, u-signalman, u-artilleryman ... Wanikezwa i-Order ye "Red Banner", izindondo "For Courage". Isikhundla isigaba nefayela. Wabona konke akhulume kubafundi bakhe endabeni. Ngakho-ke, isitayela sesichazamazwi sakhe siyinkimbinkimbi, ukugcwala kukaTolstoy, ukunakekelwa kuyo yonke imininingwane kuyabonakala kuye. Konke okuzobona, ukuzwa konke, ukwethula kubafundi ubuso obuqotho bempi ... Astafiev umculi encwadini inoveli Umalusi noMalusikazi banquma lo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye yayo yokuqala kusinika isifiso somlobi sokwenza okungenakwenzeka - ukubhala umfundisi wezempi. Lesi sici esibulalayo, esivuthayo, esivuthayo.

Impi ye-Astafiev yemalusi

Kungani umbhali akhetha uhlobo lwe-pastorale, ngencazelo, ebeka impilo yokuthula emzaneni elula? Umfundisi we-Astafiev ... Umelela incazelo ekhethekile, echazwe kabusha yempi, lapho isiphepho esivutha umlilo esingenakunqoba ukukhathazeka kwemizwa yabantu, ubuhle bemiphefumulo yabantu. UViktor Petrovich uqinisekisa umfundi ukuthi uthando lunamandla kunempi, nomsebenzi wakhe "Umalusi noMalusikazi"

Ukuhlaziywa kwengxenye yokuqala yendaba iqala ngesithombe esithinta inhliziyo. Owesifazane ogqoke ijazi lensimbi elidala, uyahamba, ngaphandle kokufihla izinyembezi, emgwaqeni wesitimela egumbini elisendle eliqhekekile, elingenalutho, lapho kuluhlaza khona utshani obunzima nomhlonyane-iChernobyl ikhula. Endleleni ebheka ukuthunyelwa kwemikhilomitha emilenze.

Njengoba esefike ngakwesokudla, uphendukela esigodini bese esondela umgomo wendlela yakhe - ipiramidi yesikhumbuzo, inkanyezi "evuliwe futhi yawa." Kuyacaca ukuthi umuntu othandekayo kakhulu ekhaya lapha. Lo wesifazane uLusia, futhi wathola ithuna likaLieutenant Boris Kostyaev. Ukhuluma amazwi ahlabayo, ecindezela ubuso bakhe ethuneni: "Kungani ulala yedwa phakathi kweRussia?". Ngokombuso wobuciko, lesi sakhiwo sifana neSholov's "ilanga elimnyama" elithakazelisayo, elalingabonwa nguGregory ngemuva kokufa komthandekayo wakhe.

I-Analogies yomsebenzi we-Astafiev noShokhokhov "I-Don Quiet"

Akulona yini iqiniso ukuthi i-epigraph eyanikezwa nguMikhail Alexandrovich endalweni yakhe ihambisana nokuqala kwencwadi ka-Astafiev Umalusi noMalusikazi? Lapho, ngokukhuluma nge-poetically ngomhlaba waseRussia ohlala isikhathi eside, wabafelokazi abasebasha ...

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengokungathi usebenzisa umshini wesikhathi, i-Astakhov igxeka isikhathi esidlule futhi igxilisa umfundi esimweni sokulwa okunonya. I-platoon yaseLieutenant Kostyaev ibambelele ekuziphenduleleni, imile endleleni yamaJalimane ahlukumezayo ayezoqeda. Babesekelwa ngomlilo ngebhethri ye-Eresians (Katyusha). Ngaphambi kwesitha, ukudubula okuqondile kwashaywa izidakamizwa ezingokomthetho. Behind - front artillery (abagibeli). Kodwa-ke, abantwana baseJalimane bahluleka ukuwela emanzini aseplanet.

Ukulwa kwangempela-ngesandla-kuchazwa ngu-Astafiev. "Umalusi nomfana onomfowenu" banikeza umfundi ithuba lokuthinta lesi sihogo cishe ngokungahambi kahle - ngokukhala, amacu, ukushaya okushaya ngefosholo encane, ukudubula endaweni yokungena. Eceleni noLieutenant Boris Kostyaev, owayengakajwayele ukulwa, u-Nikolai Vasilyevich Mokhnakov owayengumphathi wesigodi. Walwa, eqala ngokubuyela emuva emngceleni futhi wesabeka isitha: bese efihla eqhweni leqhwa, bese eqaqa kuso, ngefosholo kanye nesibhamu. Umphathi wayekhona yonke indawo empini: wanikeza imiyalo, wavikela ummeli othukile. Isimo sakhe sangaphakathi sasifana nesimo sikaGrigory Melekhov sikaSholokhov, owayengumuntu onobuqhawe , onobuqili, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ebulala izitha zakhe. Kodwa-ke, ingaphakathi langaphakathi le-Astafyev-omkhulu, umphefumulo wakhe ushiswe yimpi. Masikhumbule ukuthi uShokhokhov wabhala mayelana nesimo esinjalo: igoli lakhe alikwazanga ukumelela kahle ingane engenacala-wayezovula amehlo akhe.

Ukuxhumana nohlobo lomfundisi. Isimo sezinhlekelele

Umsebenzi obalulekile wendima yokuqala uzosikhombisa ukuhlaziywa kwendaba ethi "Umalusi noMalusikazi". Ukuqala ngenothi eliphakeme, umlobi ukwandisa amandla angokomzwelo kuze kube yilapho impi eguqulwa kabi kabi yendawo yesehlakalo yobufundisi - ukwamukela umalusi nomfana okhulayo.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlamvu, ezithandwa kakhulu emakhulwini e-XVI-XVII eYurophu yobuciko, ezincane, zibukana ngamehlo athandekayo, ezethulwa esihlokweni esingavamile semvelo, zashintshwa ngumlobi ngokuqondene nezinto ezimbi zempi.

E-Astaf'ev, umelusi nomalusi kukhona indoda endala futhi owesifazane osekhulile, edla izinkomo ezibulawe yigobolondo lezitha. Izidumbu ezimbili zabantu abambelele ngokuqinile ezandleni zabo, zimbozana nomzimba kusuka e-shelling. Balala ngemuva kokugeza, eduze "nomgodi wamazambane".

Catharsis fighters

Lesi senzakalo, esabonwa yi-fighters, esivela empini embi, asibashiyi. Qaphela ukuthi yiyona ndawo ebalulekile yenkinga yendaba yonke, i-leitmotif yayo, eyenziwa ngamabomu ekuqaleni komsebenzi ngu-Astafyev "Umalusi noMalusikazi," ngokuphazamiseka ngokuphazamisa ukuguqulwa komlando.

Kwenzekani kulesi senzakalo? Ngokungazelelwe, abagijimi ababesanda kubulala nokubulala, lapho bebona lezi zidumbu ezimbili, beza catharsis, ukuqonda ngokomoya. Sebevele (mhlawumbe, bonke kodwa umongameli Mokhnakov) abazibonakali ngempi, kodwa bayakuphikisa. Ukushaqeka okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, kubonisa ngokujulile i-Astafyev, ukuthi ukuthula okukhulu kakhulu emngcwabeni wabo yi-fighters we-platoon kaBoris Kostyaev kuphulwa kuphela ngomkhuleko owenza ngokuzenzekelayo, kusukela enhliziyweni, kusho uLantsov ovamile. Abangane bakhe bayaqonda ukuthi amanye amagama awafanelekile lapha.

Okulandelayo, kusukela esahlukweni sesibili, indaba ethi "Umalusi noMalusikazi" (isifinyeto esifushane somsebenzi sizobonisa lokhu kumfundi) athola amandla. Lona isihloko sothando lokuqala lweLucy noBris. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kohlelo lomlobi, akulona oluzimele oluhlakaniphile. Lolu thando lubonakala ngu-Astafiev ngokusebenzisa i-prism of the pastoralism esivele iboniswe nguye, esimweni esicacisiwe esingenhla. Kulo, njengombhobho wokugcoba, kunama-pathos ephakeme abantu okuphikisana nomphefumulo womuntu, othando lomuntu esihogweni sempi.

Ukuma endlini kaLucy

Amasosha ayema endlini lapho uLusia ehlala khona. Indaba "Umalusi noMalusikazi" usitshela ukuthi isimangaliso sishiywe lapha ekhaya. Isishwankathelo salomsebenzi ubika ukuthi umfundi ufakwa emkhathini wokuphumula nokuhlala kwabalandeli ngemuva kokubulawa kwabantu. Kukhona isikhathi esisele emuva lapho, ngokungazelelwe ukuphuma emgodini, bonke babalingana ngaphambi kokufa, ngenkathi, ngokuzilimaza ngomuthi, babe yingxenye yomshini obulalayo wokubulala: ukubulala nokubulala, ekugcineni bazizwa besesimweni esingezona ukulwa. Abaqaphi bafika ezinhliziyweni zabo, besusa ukucindezeleka okwakunciphisa umphefumulo wabo, bewugcwalisa nge-moon, baxoshwa ngezinyosi. Umbusi wayehlale ekwazi ukuwuthola. Iqiniso lisitshela ngokunye emva kwempi "Umalusi noMalusikazi". Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kulesi siqephu kubonisa izici ezimbili: isithombe esicacile sezinhlobo zamaqhawe kanye nokuqala kobudlelwano phakathi kukaBoris noLucy.

Kulesi senzakalo, umlobi u-Astafyev, njengomqondisi wefilimu, uveza izinhlelo zakhe zencwadi yamaqhawe ale ncwadi, ngekhono lomculi onolwazi ngezindlela eziningana ezikhombisa ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye. Lezi zamasosha zihluke kakhulu, zanciphisa enye iplanethi ngempi.

Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nempi namasosha

UMoskvich, uLieutenant Kostyaev, owaqala ukulwa lapho amaJalimane ehambela eKuban naseCaucasus, ngokushesha washiya intshiseko yakhe yentsha. "Umalusi noMalusikazi" usitshela ngokuhlakanipha kukaSathane okuhlala njalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwesahluko esithi "Ukulwa" kuletha kithi igazi bese kuthiwa umlando we-author ngokwakhe: ukuze silwe futhi siqhubeke siphila, umuntu kudingeka aqonde impi, hhayi ukuba yisigqila, ukukhetha indawo ephephile ngesikhathi esifanele, nokumba amahlamvu ezandleni zakhe. Futhi ukugxuma emgodini, kufanele ukudubula ngesitha, akukho nhlobo indlela yokuphuma. ULieutenant Boris, owaqonda lokhu, wazibonakalisa ngokugcwele namasosha, uzwa ukusekelwa kwabo.

Phakathi kwabalandeli abakhona kukhona abathathu noma abane, abakwazi ukuphuza, basuke bethemba. Nokho, kufanele siphuze. Ukuze ungaphazanyisi psyche ngokucabangela ubuso bokufa. Baphuza okungaphezu kwamanye kuphela umphathi, "umcibisholo" (okungukuthi, ukukhwabanisa) uPaulnutiev kanye neKimy-Altai Karyshev noMalyshev abasuka edolobhaneni laseKlyuchi. Akungabazeki ukuthi u-Astafyev uqobo wabona izinhlobo ezifanayo ngaphambili. "Umalusi noMalusikazi" uhlaziya ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwempi kuhlelwe kanjani.

UKhayini no-Abela

Phela, akukhona abantu kuphela "abasuka epulazini". Indoda efundisiwe, owayengummeli uCorney Arkadevich Lantsov, ozwela ngokumelene nokuphikisana kwempi nomphefumulo womuntu, naye ukhonza e-platoon. Lapho ukucabanga kwakhe emva kokudakwa okudakayo kuyathinta umkhuba wobuntu, umphathi uyamxosha emgwaqweni - "yenza".

Phela, e-platoon kukhona indoda eneminyaka ephakathi nendawo egama layo linguPafnutiev, onesibindi namandla akhe okubhala ukusola. Kodwa-ke, umphathi uMokhnakov, ekwazi lokhu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi engathonya ingqondo ngokwemvelo, ngakho akabonisi "ithalente" eliyingozi. Iqiniso - lesi sithombe senziwe ngokuzithandela engxenyeni yendaba ka-Astafyev. "Umalusi noMalusikazi" uhlaziya inkathi nabalingiswa - ubulili bukhona emsebenzini, njengokuphila.

Kumy-Altai

Ama-altaaa alwa ngendlela enhle yabantu. Zombili zizolile futhi ziqine, ukusekelwa okuqine kakhulu komlawuli wamaplanethi. U-Karyshev, ngokwemigomo ehlelekile, uchaza ngokugcwele isizathu esilwela ngaso. Akusho neze iphunga lezinkolelo. Ungumlimi wezwe, ulwa nomhlaba wakubo, lapho umlimi, induna enkulu emhlabeni, ezama ukukhipha isitha. Ngakho-ke, "uMalusi noMalusikazi" usitshela ukuthi le mpi iye yathandwa. Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kusiholela ekutheni "i-cudgel" yezimpi zabantu "i-cudgel yempi", ebhalwe phansi futhi ihlaselwe kulabo abahlukumezekile. Futhi le ndoda ebantwini ingumqondo ojulile, wefilosofi, mayelana nokuthi izinto ezimbili zingcwele emhlabeni: umama obeletha impilo, kanye nomlimi owudlayo. Futhi kuthiwa kubo esihogweni sempi!

Ithempeli lidonsa umphathi wesigceme

Udakiwe amaSiberia amaningi, uMehnakova, ngaphansi kwe-vodka, "isibindi saphaphama," lapho abangane bakhe belele, wahlambalaza lo wesifazane owayesekhaya, efuna ucansi. Lo mzamo uphonswa nguLieutenant Boris, owabiza isikhulu "emgwaqeni" futhi ngokuthembisa wamthembisa ukumbulala uma kwenzeka umzamo wesibili. I-sergeant-major, eqaphela ukuthi umphefumulo wakhe wawunzima ethempheni, intuitively uzizwa kahle uBuris. Nokho, uyaqonda ukuthi umphefumulo wakhe uhlukaniswe yimpi awuzwa imizwa ephakeme. Uyalala egodini.

ULusia ubona konke lokhu. Ungumfanekiso wesifazane oyinhloko kule noveli Umalusi noMalusikazi. Ukuhlaziywa kwalo msebenzi kuzodalula indima yayo ekhethekile kumfundisi we-Astafiev. Ungu-Astafievka Gioconda. Isithombe sakhe esiyinkimbinkimbi siboniswa ngumbhali ngokucophelela futhi ngokuthinta. Owesifazane waseRashiya, owabekwe enkundleni yase-Ukraine. Amehlo amnyama amnyama, ubuso obuhlakaniphile oblong obuhlakani, ubuso obuqinile, izandla ezingenasiphelo. Isimo sakhe sobuso, indlela yakhe yokukhuluma, ukunakekelwa okuqaphile, ukuqondisisa kufakazela ubuhle bomphefumulo wakhe. Lesi sithombe sihlobisa ngempela umfundisi we-Astafiev "uMalusi noMalusikazi". Okuqukethwe endabeni kuguqulwa kusuka empini yempi ibe yisici sobudlelwane bomuntu, amanani abantu, ngoba uthando, ngokungafani nempi, luhlala phakade.

Uthando

Engxenyeni yesithathu, umlobi usitshela ngothando oluhle, ngemizwa ephakeme. "Pho, kungani sihlangana nje empini?" - ubuza ukuthi uyithandekayo, noma oPhezukonke, uLusia. Kuningi okwakudingeka abe nakho ngesikhathi sakhe emsebenzini. Kamuva uzomtshela uBoris ngothando naye kanye nabaphikisi be-fascist, futhi mayelana namaphoyisa angenamahloni kulezi zingxenye. Kusuka ezindebeni zakhe, sifunda ukuthi wathola imfundo yomculo. Amabhuku e-jurisprudence, ahluke nendlu yasemaphandleni, afakazela emfundweni yesibili - esemthethweni. Ukushaywa okungalindelekile - ULusya, ejabule ngokomzwelo, ngendlela yendoda ekhanyisa ugwayi. Abesifazane ababhemayo ngaleso sikhathi babengavamile, futhi kusikhombisa ubuqiniso nobuciko bendaba "Umalusi noMalusikazi". Ukuhlaziywa kombhalo, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nokuphakamisa uthando olungenakukwazi ukukhulula ngokushesha uLucy umphefumulo wezinhlungu ezibangelwa impi. Kodwa-ke, lo wesifazane osemusha uzwa isidingo sokuthandana, uzibona ehlakaniphile kunabo abathandekayo bakhe, "omdala kunabo iminyaka eyikhulu," uzizwa unesihe nomusa womama we "knight wakhe" olwa izwe lakhe. Phakathi kwabantu abasha inzwa ejulile neyethando ivukela phezulu, okungenakukwazi ukumelana nayo.

Buyela emuva

"Esibhamu, impi!" - iphazamisa lesi senzo esiyingqayizivele, sidlulisela umyalo wenkampani yenkampani, i-Major Filkin. URota, waphumula futhi wathola imishini entsha, wabeka phambili phambili. ULusia waphuma emgwaqeni wobusika ukuze ambone. Ukunikezwa kwalo mzuzwana umbhali uphinde uthole izici ze-epic. Owesifazane othandana nenhliziyo yakhe uzizwa ukuthi okungeke kwenzeke kuyokwenzeka. Yena, ekhanda emakhazeni, uyaqhubeka ehamba ngemva kokuphuma kwekholomu lempi, ehlekisayo: "Buyela uphile!" Futhi uma ubuyela ekhaya, awuyikuvala ngisho nomnyango wangaphambili futhi awukwazi ukufudumala isikhathi eside, uzizwa ungenangqondo, ugoba.

Ukuqedwa kwenhlekelele

Iphela isethulo kwethu okuqukethwe kwendaba "Umalusi futhi shepherdess." Ukuhlaziywa by isahluko, contact ephelele, uthuthela ezigabeni zokugcina - inhloko "I Assumption". Kunengqondo ukuphetha uqeda edabukisayo Astafieva lamadlelo. Iron lokugaya impi okwalapha futhi ngokungakhethi ugaye abantu aphikisanayo wakhe nge ngemvelo yakhe yomuntu. Ngokumangalisayo e yokucabanga ukujula yayo waveza induna Mohnakov ukuthi abantu phambili ubuzalwane uyaphila. Ngesizathu esithile, konke ukufa okuzumayo unamandla ngaphezu kuka namaqhawe yencwadi Astafieva ... iqala kanjani? Mhlawumbe nge sokukhaphela. Wabonakala ibutho elisha induna-NKVD. Pafnutiev wamthanda, okuyinto Kwakuseshwa wokusebenzisa uJuda. Futhi eveza, uqalekiswe futhi induna for "kuphangwa" futhi uLieutenant "ngokuxhumana nge owesifazane osolisayo," futhi ngaphezu kwabo bonke - ku khulula-ukucabanga bokusungula UKorney Abramovich Lantsova. Lesi sakamuva ngokushesha uthathile, ayethi uzokwenza ngazo ukusebenza phambi yomugqa iphephandaba. Nokho, kufanele kuhlushwa yena uqobo Pafnutiev. Sakhohlwa elibukhali lomlindi ukuhaha, Trophies athandwayo. Yena wadabula emayini ngezinyawo zombili. Ngo ukuphenduka esezokufa, watshela bonke induna. Nokho, izinkinga angeke libe lodwa akakwazi ukuhamba. Lapho amabutho Leli qembu uLieutenant Boris Kostyaeva blithely wabuyela indawo emva ukulethwa abalimele esibhedlela ensimini, i sniper isitha abanamanxeba abulalayo esingu Altaian Karysheva. Ngokushesha induna iyagula Mohnakov njengoba Astafjevs ubhala, "ukuthi isifo ukuthi zingelashwa imisele." Wavimbela ozakwabo zakhe, waqala ukuphila ngokwehlukile, babe ehlukile, wayeka ukuxoxa. Futhi usayitsheni impi waqala ukufuna ukufa. Wahlela konke. Sasizimisele zifa yiqhawe Mohnakov wathatha anti-tank okwami. isinkwa sayo njenge, yathumba e haversack yakhe. Naye, wawa ngaphansi ethuthuka isitha tank. Kungakabiphi, lidubuleke ehlombe futhi hero lobalulekile wendzaba, uLieutenant Boris Kostyaev. Wathi eqambe lalinenkinga esibucayi ezinzima ezingokomoya. Imicimbi kubaneka engqondweni yakhe, like ingxubevange. Akalokothi "ngakujwayela ekubeni izinkubela zempi." Ujwayele Lucy kwakubonakala ngiyaphupha kuye. Ukufa comrades abacindezelwe.

Uma esibhedlela ensimini nge ukulimala omnene, lesikhulu sombutho sibhekene ukuzithela ngabandayo unesi udokotela abaphezulu. Thina wamphatha ngokusemthethweni. Futhi kufanele baphathwe ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi umphefumulo wakhe mncane futhi ihlushwe, bahlukumezeka ngenxa empini, kwakungelula. Eqinisweni, isilonda wayengekho ayinangozi ngakho nangokwengqondo ukuhlupheka - eningi kunaleso esilindelekile. Udokotela uyiqili ukuqonda ukuthi impilo eyayilimele esibhedlela uwohloka, ngaphambilini ukuthatha kuye kwesinye isibhedlela. Kodwa Boris abakutholanga. Ushonele endleleni. Futhi ugijimele umzimba wakhe wasala kwelinye izimoto bemi kwangqingetshe. Inhloko esiteshini esincane ndawonye nonogada wangcwatshwa iqhawe umgodi ngokuxhamazela ngemba. Umlindi zokudakwa benana zangaphansi ngasekupheleni ku ilitha likagologo. Ngemva ukuphuza umuzwa wabaza isibambo uhlaka mbhoshongo lesikhumbuzo waxosha bayifaka phansi amakhanda ngasekupheleni.

isiphetho

Indaba iphela kwesiteji lapho kwaqala. Lucy waphenduka grey, amehlo ejulile beyibonakala kwaqala ukuphuma ubudala, futhi waphila ngemva kokufa wedwa yakhe ethandekayo. Safumana ithuna lakhe, yena kwenza izinhlelo - zithembiso maduze ukuza kuye.

Wokwelusa wasuka indaba iphela "Umalusi Shepherdess" ukuhlaziywa. Uthando, kubangele ngisho nosizi, impi iwina.

Ukushona kwelanga ikhanyisa asemaqeleni bese ibuyisela ungamisa owesifazane ogqoke ijazi uyisidala ...