Barto Agnia. Biography kanye nobuciko

Iyiphi indlela yokuphila kaBarto Agnia? I-biography yezinkondlo ezithandayo, ezinemibongo yazo ezikhulile izizukulwane eziningana zezingane, ziheha inzalo kokubili izingane eziyazi imilolozo yenhliziyo, nabazali abakhulisa izingane zabo emigqeni ejwayelekile. Ithiwa "I-bull-calf, swinging ...", "U-Tanya wethu uyakhala kakhulu ...", "Bawa phansi phansi ..." bahlotshaniswa nezinyathelo zokuqala zengane, igama lokuqala elithi "umama", uthisha wokuqala, insimbi yokuqala yesikole. Isitayela sale migqa eyintandokazi kulula kakhulu, umbhali ukhuluma nengane, njengontanga, ngolimi aluqondayo.

Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ngendabuko yomuntu siqu ovelele, mayelana nendima ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu u-Agnia Lvovna Barto, ongubizo lwakhe oluhlobene kakhulu nezingane, ezithintele. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, udumo oludumile lwasiza ukuhlangabezana nezinkulungwane zabantu abalahlekile phakathi nempi.

I-Agniya Barto: ubuciko kanye ne-biography

Kuzingane, u-Agniya Barto ungumlobi wokuqala futhi oyintandokazi, ombongo lwakhe, esekhulile futhi edala imindeni, utshele izingane zabo kakade. U-Agnia Lvovna wazalelwa ngoFebruwari 4, 1906 emndenini kaLevi Levkolavich Volov, udokotela wezilwane. Umndeni waholela ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuphila ekhaya okwenziwe kahle ngaleso sikhathi: ngezemfundo ephansi, isiFulentshi, izidlo zokudla. Ubaba wayebandakanyekile ekukhuliseni; Njengoba ethandana nobuciko, wabona indodakazi yakhe njengebhola elidumile, okwakungekho u-Agnia. Le ntombazane yayinesithakazelo kwenye isiteshi - leli vesi, eliyithathwe ngemuva kwezintombi zakhe zokuzivocavoca.

Ngo-1925 izincwadi zokuqala zezinkondlo zezingane zanyatheliswa: "Kitaichonok Van Li", "Mishka isela". U-Agnia wayenamahloni futhi, lapho ezimisele ukufunda inkondlo yakhe ku-Chukovsky, umbhali wabhekwa umfana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ekugcineni, ekukhetheni isihloko sezinkondlo, intombazane enethalente yazimiswa emva kwengxoxo noVladimir Mayakovsky, lapho ekhuluma khona ngesidingo sezinkondlo zezingane ezisentsha ezingabamba indima ebalulekile ekufundiseni isakhamuzi esizayo. U-Agnia Barto wayekholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe yayizofundisa izakhamuzi ezithandwayo, ezithandekayo, izakhamuzi zezwe lakubo. I-Biography i-Agniya Barto yezingane ihlotshaniswa nezinkondlo ezizithandayo; Kusukela emgqeni wendlovukazi kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ku-1939 kwaphuma amaqoqo anjalo ezinkondlo: "Umfana ngokuphambene", "Abafowethu", "Toys", "Snegir".

Ukuphila kwesibongo: ukudala nokwenza umuntu siqu

Ukuphila komuntu siqu ka-Agniya Barto kwakungeyona inhlekisa; Ekuqaleni wakha umndeni umbongi uPaul Barto, wazala ingane - indodana kaGarik. Umshado wokuqala wanikeza ikhefu, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokusheshisa kwentsha, futhi mhlawumbe lokhu kubangelwa yimpumelelo yobuchwepheshe uPavel Barto akakwazanga ukubuyisana. Lapho eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala, u-Agnia washiya enye indoda - isazi senamandla u-Andrei Vladimirovich Shcheglyaev, owaba uthando oluyinhloko empilweni yakhe. U-Agnia wazala indodakazi uTatiana. Ukungahambisani nokungqubuzana kuka-Agniya Barto kanye negunya lomphathi wesandla semishini yokwakhiwa kwamandla eMoscow Power Institute ("umbonisi omuhle kunabo bonke baseSoviet Union") - Andrei Vladimirovich - abadlali abahehayo, abaculi nabalobi endlini yabo. U-Agnia Barto wayengabangane abasondelene kakhulu noRina Zelena noFaina Ranevskaya.

U-Barto Agnia, owaziwa nguye ovusa isithakazelo sezizukulwane ezisakhulile kakade ezakhulela izinkondlo eziyizintandokazi, zahamba eziningi phakathi kwezihambeli ezivela eSoviet Union, futhi ngo-1937 zahlanganyela kwi-International Congress kwi-Protection of Culture eyayiseSpain. Yilapho ayibona khona ngamehlo akhe ukuthi i-fascism yayinjani, ngoba imihlangano yayibanjwe ukuvutha okwakungqotshwe iMadrid, futhi izingane eziyizintandane zazizulazula phakathi kwezindlu ezonakalisiwe. Umbono onzima kakhulu ku-Agnia wenziwa ingxoxo nomfazi waseSpain owabonisa isithombe yendodana yakhe wafaka ikhanda lakhe ngomunwe, echaza ukuthi lo mfana waphulwa yigobolondo. Indlela yokudlulisela imizwa yomama osindise ingane yakhe? Kulo mbuzo omubi wathola impendulo emva kweminyaka eminingana.

Barto Agnia: biography eminyakeni yempi

U-Agniya Barto wayazi ngokungaqiniseki kwempi neJalimane. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30, wavakashela leli zwe elihlanzekile, elihle, wabona amantombazane amahle amancane agqoke e-swastikas, ezwa izisholo zamaNazi kuzo zonke izingxenye. Ngombongi, impi yayinobubele; Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula kwakuseduze nomyeni wakhe, owathunyelwa kuma-Urals, okuyiSverdlovsk. Ngokusho kuka-Agniya Barto, owavezwa ngokushesha ngamazwi omlobi uPavel Bazhov, ama-Urals ayevaliwe, abantu abangeqile nabangathembeki. Izingane zaseSverdlovsk, zithathe indawo yabantu abadala abahamba phambili, basebenza ezitshalweni zokuzivikela. U-Agnia wayemane nje edingekile ukuxhumana nezingane, okuvela kuye lapho efunda khona izifundo nokuphefumlelwa. Ukuze ngandlela-thile afike eduze kwabo, imbongi yabe isenza umsebenzi we-turner wekilasi lesibili. Esebenza emgodleni, wabonisa ngokuzimisela ukuthi inzuzo yakhe emphakathini yabekwa ngokuqinile ekuhlaleni kwempi enobudlova. U-Agniya Lvovna wakhuluma emsakazweni waseMoscow naseSverdlovsk, wabhala izihloko zempi, izinkondlo, izinkondlo. Ngo-1942 wahlala eWestern Front, engumxhumanisi weKomsomolskaya Pravda. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, ngaya e-England, eBulgaria, eJapane, e-Iceland nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

Inhlekelele yomuntu siqu ka-Agniya Barto

EMoscow, imbongi yabuya ngo-1944. Ukuphila kwangena ejwayelekile, abangani babuya kusukela ekuphumeni, izingane zaqala futhi izifundo zabo. Wonke umuntu wayebheke phambili ekupheleni kwempi. NgoMeyi 4, 1945 kwaba usuku olubi luka-Agnia. Kulolu suku, iloli eligijima ekhoneni, labulala uGarik oneminyaka engu-15, owayegibela ibhayisikili, wafa. Usuku lokunqoba lwaphela inhliziyo yenina, akazange abe ingane yakhe. Ngemva kokuzwa le nhlekelele, u-Agnia waphenduka konke ukuthanda kwakhe indodakazi yakhe uTatiana, eqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima ekudaleni. I-1940-1950-iphawu lokukhishwa kwamaqoqo amasha ka-Agniya Barto: "Ukubonga Izinkondlo", "Okokuqala-Umshini", "Izinkondlo Zezingane", "iZvenigorod." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mbongi wasebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zefilimu zezingane "U-Alyosha Ptitsyn uqala uhlamvu", "Foundling", "Elephant and Rope". Ngo-1958, umjikelezo ophawulekayo wezinkondlo zezingane ezinesizungu "uLeshenka, Leshenka", "Umzukulu kaMkhulu" wabhalwa.

Isifiso sezintandokazi kuzo zonke izizukulwane

U-Barto Agnia, ongu-biography othakazelisayo kubalandeli bakhe, ngenxa yezimbongo ezibhaliwe, waba umlobi onamandla, oyintandokazi kulo lonke iSoviet Union, "ebusweni bencwadi yabantwana baseSoviet." Ngo-1947 inkondlo ethi "Zvenigorod" yanyatheliswa, ikhuluma ngezingane ezilahlekelwa abazali bazo phakathi nempi. Kwabhalwa ngemuva kokuvakashela izintandane eZvenigorod, idolobha eliseduze neMoscow. Le nkondlo, lapho izingxoxo nezingane ezisetshenziselwa khona, kwakuyingxenye ekhethekile. Ngemuva kokukhululwa kukaZvenigorod Agnia Lvovna, kwavela incwadi evela kowesifazane owalahlekelwa indodakazi eneminyaka engu-8 ngesikhathi sempi. Iziqephu zezinkumbulo zezingane ezikhonjisiwe kule nkondlo zazibonakala zijwayele owesifazane, futhi wayethemba ukuthi u-Agnia uzoxhumana nendodakazi yakhe elahlekile. Ngakho empeleni kwavela. Abantu bomdabu bahlangana ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10.

Ngomsakazo we-Mayak ngo-1965, uhlelo "Ukufuna Umuntu" lwaqala ukusakaza, oluholwa ngu-Agnia Barto. Enhliziyweni yemisebenzi yokucwaninga yabhala izinkumbulo ezinganeni, okuyinto, ngokusho komlobi, enamandla kakhulu futhi ebukhali ukuthi ahlale nengane ngokuphila. Phakathi neminyaka engu-9 yomsebenzi okhandlayo, u-Agniya Barto wakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinkulungwane zezifiso zabantu.

Ekuphileni kwakhe konke kwahamba kahle: umyeni wakhe waphumelela ngokuhamba phambili, u-Agnia waba ugogo womzukulu omuhle kaVladimir, obhala ngaye ngokuthi "Vovka - umphefumulo onomusa." Isimbongi saqhubeka sihamba emhlabeni wonke, sasibhekene nanoma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa, ngoba wayazi ukuthi angazigcina kanjani emphakathini, wakhuluma ngezilimi eziningana, wadansa kahle futhi egqoke kahle. Iminyango yendlu ka-Agniya Barto yayihlale ivulekile izivakashi; Izifundiswa, izinkondlo eziqala, abadlali abadumile kanye nabafundi be-MEI babuthana etafuleni elilodwa.

Iminyaka yokugcina ka-Agnia Barto

Ngo-1970, u-Andrei Vladimirovich, indoda ka-Agnia Barto, wabulawa ngumdlavuza, owasinda iminyaka engu-11. Yonke le minyaka u-Agnia Lvovna wasebenza kanzima, wabhala izincwadi ezimbili zezinkumbulo, ezingaphezu kwezingkondlo eziyikhulu. Eyesaba ukuba yedwa, wayengakhuluma ngamahora amaningi efonini nabangane bakhe, ezama ukumbona indodakazi yakhe nabazukulu bakhe kaningi. Ngokubonga, ukhunjulwa yimindeni yabangane abacindezelekile, u-Agniya Lvovna abathola odokotela abahle, basiza ukuthola imithi elula, "ukushaya" izindawo zokuhlala - ngisho nabantu abangabazi.

U-Agniya Barto washona eMoscow ngo-1981, ngo-Ephreli 1. Ngemuva kokuzimela, odokotela babethuka kakhulu ngemithwalo yegazi ebuthakathaka futhi bebengayiqondi ukuthi igazi ligijima kanjani enhliziyweni yomuntu onjalo okhanyayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. I-biography emfushane ka-Agniya Barto ihlanganisa izikhathi eziyisihluthulelo zokuphila kwakhe, kunzima futhi kunezithelo; Sisafunda izinkondlo zakhe, sikhulise izingane kuzo, sikhulise abazukulu.