Isifingqo: "Balwa noMelandland wabo" (Mikhail Sholokhov)

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngeveli eyabhalwa nguMikhail Sholokhov ngo-1969. Ukunaka kwakho kuvezwe ekufinyeleleni kwayo. "Balwela izwe labo laseMlandeni" - umsebenzi odumile. USergey Bondarchuk wenza ifilimu enegama elifanayo. Iveliveli yayisekelwe kumanoveli, okuqukethwe kwayo emfushane. "Balwela izwe labo" - ifilimu ekhishwe ngo-1975. Wayengempumelelo enkulu. "Balwela ama-Motherland" ukubuyekezwa okuqoqwe kakhulu. Wabe eseba ifilimu engcono kakhulu ngokusho kocwaningo oluqhutshwa ngo-1976 umagazini "iSovetskiy screen".

I-Roman Sholokhov iqala kanje. Kulo lonke uhlobo lwempi empini yeyodwa yamapulazi, i-Old Ilmen, kuphela amasosha angu-117 namakhompi asinda. Amasosha, akhathele ukubuyela okungapheli kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamatekisi amathathu, agijima emanzini angenamanzi, amahle. Ngolunye lucky lucky: likwazi ukugcina ibhanna yokulawula. Amasosha ekugcineni afika enqabeni eDon steppe futhi ajabule ukubona ukuthi ikhishi lekamu lalisinda.

Ingxoxo phakathi kukaVyyagintsev noStreltsov

Ingxoxo phakathi kukaVyyagintsev noStreltsov, echazwe emisebenzini ethi "Balwe izwe labo," yi-excerpt, okungenani okutshela umfundi ngeveli. Kwakuqukethe okulandelayo. U-Ivan Zvyagintsev, ephuzile emthonjeni wamanzi angama-brackish, waqala ingxoxo noNicola Streltsov, umngane wakhe, mayelana nomndeni nendlu. Ngokuziveza engalindelekile, uStreltsov, indoda evelele, evelele eyasebenza njenge-agronomist ngaphambi kwempi, watshela umngane wakhe ukuthi umkakhe wamshiyile , eshiya izingane ezimbili ezincane. Izinkinga zomndeni nazo zazingekho kuVyyagintsev, owayengumshayeli wetekisi futhi ahlanganisa opharetha. Umkakhe, owasebenza njenge-trailer ku-trekta, ngezingqungquthela, "wadutshulwa." Owesifazane uthathwe izintatheli zamakhosikazi futhi waqala ukucela kumyeni wakhe "imizwa ephakeme". Lokhu kwaholela ekucaseni okukhulu. Umfazi kaVyyagintsev ufunda izincwadi ebusuku, kanti emini walala. Ngenxa yalokho, ipulazi yaba yincithakalo, futhi izingane zagijima njengezingane ezingenamakhaya. Wabhalela umyeni wakhe izincwadi ezinjalo ukuthi babe namahloni okufunda kubangane. Umshayeli onogandaganda onesibindi, umkakhe wambiza ngokuthi ikati, wayengumkhukhu, futhi wabhala ngothando "ngamagama encwadi". Kusukela kula mazwi, uVyyagintsev waqala "ukuvunguza emehlweni" nethi "inkungu ekhanda."

Petr Lopakhin

Siyaqhubeka ukuchaza isifinyeto. "Balwela izwe labo laseMlandeni" lisenza sazi ngeqhawe elinjalo njengoPeter Lopakhin.

Ngesikhathi u-Ivan ekhononda kuNicholas kukho konke okushiwo ngenhla, walala obala. Ngemva kokuvuka, uNicholas wathola iphunga lephalishi elishisayo. Wabuye wezwa uPyotr Lopakhin, umdwebi wezikhali, ephikisana nompheki. Ngenxa yesikhwama esisha, esasiyinkimbinkimbi, wayenompheki ngokulwa njalo. U-Nikolai wajwayelene noLolakhin empini yepulazi elihlangene elithi "Bright Way". Umgodli wezimpahla uPeter wayeyindoda ejabule, wayethanda ukuhleka usulu ngabahlobo bakhe futhi wayekholelwa ngenhliziyo yonke ukuthi indoda yakhe yayingenakuphikiswa.

Ukubuyela emuva kwamabutho aseRashiya

Ukufuduka okungapheli kwamabutho aseRussia kwacindezela uNicholas. I-Chaos ibusa phambili, futhi ibutho laseSoviet alikwazanga ukuhlehlisa amaJalimane nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngokuyinzima, kwakunzima ukubhekana nabantu abasala emigqeni yezitha. Izakhamuzi zasekhaya zaphatha amasosha okubuyela emuva njengabahlukumezi. U-Streltsov wayengakholelwa ukuthi amaRussia anganqoba impi namaJalimane. U-Lopakhin wayekholelwa ukuthi babengafundile ukushaya isitha, bebengakutholi intukuthelo eyanele yokuwina. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, bazokhipha isitha kude. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uLolakakhin akazange aphelelwe yinkinga, wayenakekela abahlengikazi abancane, bephuza.

Omunye ukulwa okunzima, ukulimaza uStreltsov

Abangane, lapho begeza kuDon, babamba i-crayfish. Noma kunjalo, bahlulekile ukuzama. Ukubhonga kwamabhomu okudubula kwavela entshonalanga. Lo mbuso wabuye wavuswa nge-alamu futhi yalalelwa ukuthi amasosha ahlale ekugcineni, aphendule ekuvikeni kwemigwaqo, ekuphakameni ngaphezu kwendawo.

Impi yayinzima, ekhombisa uShokhokhov. "Balwela izwe labo" - inkaba lapho kuchazwa khona imininingwane yayo. Izindleko zempi kwakudingeka zivimbele amathangi ezitha, ezama ukubalekela kuDoni, lapho okwamanje ukuwela kwamandla amakhulu kwenzeka khona. Ukuphakama ngemva kokuhlaselwa kokubili nokusetshenziswa kwamathangi kwaqala ukuqhuma emoyeni. Igobolondo eqhuma eduze kwaseNikolai yashiywe kakhulu. U-Streltsov, evuka, wabona ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwebutho lakhe kwase kuqalile. Wazama ukuphuma emgodini ojulile ekukhuleni komuntu, kodwa wayengenakukwenza. U-Streltsova wafaka ukungazi isikhathi eside.

Ukubuyisela kobukhosi

Iphinde iphinde ibuyele emgwaqweni, eyayizungezwe izinkwa ezivuthayo. Lapho ebona umcebo wabantu bebulawa emlilweni, u-Ivan wayegula nomphefumulo wakhe. Ukuze angalali lapho ehamba khona, waqala ukuhlukumeza amaJalimane ngezwi eliphansi. ULapakhin wezwa lokhu kuthutha futhi waqala ukuhleka usulu. Kukhona abangane ababili kuphela abashiye manje: U-Nikolai Streltsov watholakala emele futhi wathunyelwa esibhedlela ukwelashwa.

Omunye ukuzivikela, uLapakhin uthinta izindiza zezitha

Ngokushesha umbuso waqala ukuzivikela. Wadlulela ezindleleni zokuwela. Umzila wakhe wawuseduze nomuzi. Lopakhin ("Balwela izwe labo" - inkulumo kaMikhail Sholokhov, futhi indima eyinhloko efilimu efanayo yenziwa omunye umlobi waseRussia - uVasily Shukshin), eqhekeza indawo yakhe yokuhlala, wabona uphahla lwama-tile eduze, futhi wezwa amazwi abesifazane. Njengoba kwenzeka, bevela epulazini lebisi. Izakhamuzi zakhona zazilungiselela ukuthutha. Emapulazini wezimbuzi, Lopatin wathatha ubisi. Kodwa-ke, ngangingenaso isikhathi sokuhamba ibhotela: ukuhlasela emoyeni kwaqala. Le nhlangano ayizange ihlale ngaphandle kokusizwa ngalesi sikhathi: inkimbinkimbi elwa nezindiza yahlanganisa amasosha. Kusukela esikhunjini sokubhoboza izikhali, uLolakakhin wabulala indiza eyodwa yesitha, esithole ingilazi ye-vodka ngenxa yalokhu evela eLieutenant Goloshchekov. Wamxwayisa ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi aphile ukufa: impi inzima.

ULolakhin, ebuya eGoloschekov, akakwazi ukufika emathangeni ayembumbwe nguye-ukuhlasela kwomoya kwaqala. Emathonjeni, esebenzisa ithuba lokumboza emoyeni, amathangi amaJalimane ayakhamba. Bashaywa ngokushesha ngebhethri lokulwa ne-tank nokuvikelwa kwezikhali. Amasosha akwazi ukuhlasela izilonda eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Umoya wabo wokulwa wawusekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi balwa izwe labo. Umlobi uthi i-Zvyagintsev ibonakala ingavamile futhi ingalindelekile, isikhashana. Ulahlekelwe umngane wakhe, u-Nikolai Streltsov, ekholelwa ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokungathí sina noLolakhin, lesi sikelisi esingenasidingo.

Isilonda sika-Ivan Zvyagintsev

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali womsebenzi utshela ukuthi u-Ivan Zvyagintsev walimala kanjani. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlamvu eziyinhloko, eyadalwa encwadini inoveli nguMikhail Sholokhov. "Balwela izwe labo" - inkulumo esebenza kuwo wonke amasosha we-Great Patriotic War. U-Ivan Zvyagintsev uboniswa emsebenzini ngomunye wabaqhawe abanesibindi abalwa nabanye ukukhululwa kwezwe labo kubahlaseli.

Ngemva kwesikhathi amaJalimane aqala ukulungiselela ukuqeqesha izikhali. I-squall yomlilo yashaya emaphethelweni angaphambili. I-Zvyagintsev ngaphansi kwe-bombardment enesibindi yayingekho esikhathini esidlule. Cishe ingxenye yehora waqhubeka. Ngemva kwalokho, amaJalimane, ahlanganiswe ngamathangi, athuthela emathangeni. Le ngozi eyingozi yayicishe ijabule ngu-Ivan. Ngamahloni ngenxa yokwesaba kwakhe kwakamuva, waphula empini. Ngokushesha umbuso waqala ukulimaza. Umsindo oyisithulu wawuvela ngemuva, futhi u-Ivan wawa, ecasulwa ubuhlungu.

Phindela kwenye ibhange lase-Don

AmaJalimane, edinwe yimizamo engaphumeleli yokubamba ukuwela, ayeka ukuhlaselwa kusihlwa. I-oda linikezwe izinsalela zombutho waseRussia ukubuyela emuva, ukuthuthela kwenye ibhange laseDon. ULieutenant Goloshchekin omele kakhulu, ngakho umlawuli wayenguSergeant Poprischenko. Ngesikhathi sokuguqula kudamu elilahlekile, lo mbutho wawuvulwe ngokuphindwe kabili ukugoqa amaJalimane. Manje uLakakhin wayengenabo abangane ngokuphelele. Wayekhona no-Alexander Kopytovsky kuphela, inombolo yesibili yokubala kwakhe.

Ukufa kukaLieutenant Goloshchekin, ukubuya kukaNikolai Streltsov

ULieutenant Goloshchekin washona, futhi wayengenakuwela uDon. Wangcwatshwa yiLieutenant ogwini lomfula. Kwakunzima inhliziyo kaLolakhin. Wayesaba ukuthi lesi sigameko sasizothunyelwa ngemuva ukuze kuhlelwe kabusha, futhi kwakuzofanele akhohlwe isikhathi eside. Kwakubonakala sengathi umqaphi ongalungile, ikakhulukazi manje, lapho wonke amasosha ekhona. U-Lopakhin, ngemuva kokucatshangelwa, waya esitokisini-sikhulu ukuthi asho isicelo sakhe: wayefuna ukuhlala empi. Wabona uNikola Streltsov emgwaqweni. UPetru, wathokoza, wambiza umngane wakhe, kodwa akazange abuke emuva. Njengoba kunjalo, wayengumuntu oyisithulu ekuncintiswaneni. UNicholas, eseqedile isikhashana esibhedlela, wanquma ukubalekela phambili.

Ukulimala nokwelashwa esibhedlela u-Ivan Zvyagintsev

Masiqhubeke sibajwayele abafundi ngomsebenzi othi "Balwela uMama wabo", umbhali wakhe uMikhail Sholokhov (okufanekiselwa ngezansi).

U-Zvyagintsev, evuka, wabona ukuthi impi yayiqhubeka nayo. Wazizwa ebuhlungu obukhulu futhi wabona ukuthi iziqephu zebhomu ezaqhuma ngemuva, zinciphisa yonke into. Isosha ladonsa phansi emhlabathini. Wabe esezwa ukuthi wayewela endaweni ethile, futhi waphinde walahlekelwa, ehlombe ihlombe. Ngesibili wavuka, u-Ivan wabona ubuso bomhlengikazi ngaphezu kwakhe. Le ntombazane yazama ukuhudula uVinyagintsev ebuthweni lwezokwelapha. UFragile, umhlengikazi omncane kwakunzima ukuhudula u-Ivan, kodwa akazange amshiye. UViyagintsev esibhedlela uxabana nokuhlelekile, owaqeda ama-bootlegs amabhuzu akhe amasha. Waqhubeka nokufunga lapho udokotela ohlinzayo ekhandla ethatha izingcezu emilenzeni nasemhlane.

Ukunquma abangane ukuba bahlale phambili

"Balwela izwe labo" - incwadi echaza abalingiswa abahlukene, izisusa zabantu kanye nezimfanelo zabo. Ukufunda isiqephu esilandelayo, sazi izwe langaphakathi lamaqhawe omsebenzi.

U-Streltsov, njengoLacakhin, wanquma ukuhlala phambili. Akazange abalekele esibhedlela ukuze ahlale ngemuva. Ngokushesha amaphoyisa asebekhulile aseKokytovsky no-Nekrasov bathela abangane babo. Ingxoxo yabo ingumzuzwana obalulekile, umlobi awubanga ngeze, uhlanganisa nomsebenzi othi "Balwela uMama wabo." I-Nekrasov ayigodli ukuqala kabusha. Leli sebutho lahlela ukuthola umfelokazi onesizotha futhi aphumule naye empini. Uhlela u-Nekrasov uholele ekufutheni Lopakhin. Kodwa akazange afunge, wamchazela ngokuthula ukuthi unezinto ezifana ne-sleepwalking, "umgogodla wesifo." Ngemva kokuvuka ekuseni, uNekrasov uvame ukuzithola egibela ezindaweni ezingalindelekile. Ngesinye isikhathi waze wazithola ehhavini. Le nsizwa yanquma ukuthi yaqhutshwa emgodini ngokuqhuma, futhi yaqala ukubiza usizo. Kulesi sifo u-Nekrasov naye wayefuna ukusindiswa ezandleni zomfelokazi ongemuva. I-Lopakhin enomsindo ayizange ithinte indaba edabukisayo yalolu hero lomsebenzi "Balwela uMama wabo." Ukuhlaziya indlela asabela ngayo, singase sithi uLakakhin wakhumbuza umngane womndeni wakhe, owahlala eKursk. Uphawula ukuthi uma bonke abaphikisi becabanga ngokuphumula, ama-fascists azofika kuwo. Ngemva kokucabanga ngamazwi kaLopakhin, uNekrasov wanquma ukuhlala. USasha Kopytovsky wenza okufanayo. Isinqumo esinjalo senziwa ngabalingiswa abakhulu bomsebenzi "Balwela uMama wabo". Le ncwadi ifundisa ukwethembeka, ukuthanda izwe, ukubambisana.

Ibutho lithunyelwa ekomkhulu lokuhlukanisa

Laba bobabili basondela ekudumbeni kukaPaprishchenko, lapho amasosha ayevele eshukukuthele nezicelo zabo zokuhlala phambili. Umongameli wachazela uLacakhin ukuthi ukuhlukana kwabo kwakuyisimiso esinqunyiwe, esisimeme futhi esiyibonayo, esilondoloze ibhanna-impi yokulwa. Abaphehli abanjalo ngeke babe abangenalutho. Isikhulu sasivele sinikeze umyalelo ku-sergeant-major ukuya epulazini laseTalovsky, lapho kwakukhona khona indlunkulu yesigaba. Lapha umbuso uzogcwaliswa ngamandla amasha, bese uthunyelwa emkhakheni obaluleke kunazo zonke ngaphambili.

"Balwela izwe labo": incazelo yombuso wonke endleleni eya endlunkulu

Amasosha alo mkhosi waya kulo muzi, echitha ubusuku endleleni eya kwelinye ipulazi elincane. U-Poprischenko wayengafuni ukubona abagibeli abashisayo nabalambile beza endlunkulu. Wayefuna ukuthenga kusuka kusihlalo wezindawo zasemapulazini eziqoqiwe, kodwa izinqolobane zazingenalutho. U-Lopakhin wabeka isikhalazo sakhe esithandweni. Leli sosha licele usihlalo ukuba abanikeze indawo yokuhlala isosha elingekho empofu elingakadluli eminyakeni engama-70. Waba owesifazane omude kakhulu, cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala. I-Lopakhin encane yamjabulisa ukuba abe, futhi waya ekuhlaselweni ebusuku. UPetru wabuyela kumakhelwane akhe ngebhola ebunzini lakhe nasesweni elimnyama - isosha, njengoba kwenzeka, kwakuyindoda ethembekileyo. U-Lopakhin, evuka ekuseni, wathola ukuthi ulungiselela ukudla kwasekuseni lonke leli gama. Njengoba kwenzeka, abesifazane abahlala epulazini benqabe ukuphakela amasosha abuyela emuva, abawabheka njengabahlukumezi. I-sergeant-major yabatshela ukuthi lo mbuso wawubuyela emuva ngokulwa. Khona-ke laba besifazane baqoqa ngokushesha ukudla futhi badla amasosha.

Ukuhlangana nomphathi nomphathi weqembu, uColonel Marchenko

Umkhosi, owafika endlunkulu, wahlangana noColonel Marchenko, umlawuli weqembu. Amaphoyisa angamashumi amabili nesikhombisa aholwa nguSergeant Popryschenko, abahlanu babo balimala kalula. UColonel, lapho esho le nkulumo ehloniphekile, wamukela ibhanni yemibuso, eyayidlulile iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. ULolakhin wabona ukuthi lapho umkholomu eguqa phambi kwakhe, izinyembezi zawela emathunzini e-sergeant-major.

Lokhu kuphetha isifinyeto. "Balwela izwe labo" - umsebenzi ofanele ukufunda ekuqaleni. Le noveli idlulisa isimo sesikhathi esingajwayele abaningi bethu kusukela ezindabeni zabambalwa abayosinda kulezi zenzakalo, kanye nasezincwadini zomlando. Kodwa ezincwadini zokufunda ungathola amaqiniso kuphela, uhlu lwezenzakalo, okuqukethwe okufushane. "Balwela izwe labo laseMlandeni" lisenza sikwazi ukuveza isikhathi sempi njengokungathi sihlanganyele ngokuqondile kulezi zenzakalo, ukuzwa lokho abanye abazizwayo. Amaqiniso angabhekana nezinkinga ezinjalo kuphela. Umsebenzi "Balwela uMama wabo", okuyisisekelo esikushiwo nje, ingenye yamanoveli angcono kakhulu ngeMpi Yezwe Elikhulu.