"Pinocchio," "I iSiphepho," "Twister," "iSiphepho": a Salvo uhlelo. Incazelo nezici

Ngenxa izibhelu Ngokuqhubeka ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba-TV izikrini njalo ukusakaza izindaba hotspot ethile. Futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu wezwa imibiko ephazamisayo yempi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho batibandzakanye ahlukahlukene amaningi kwethulwa rocket izinhlelo (MLRS). Indoda neze esebenzisana nayo kanye nempi noma wezempi, kunzima ukuzulazula e ezihlukahlukene zonke izinhlobo nezempi, ngakho kulesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe kumuntu ovamile e mgwaqo mayelana imishini sokufa, njenge:

• Heavy ognemotnaya uhlelo on the base ethangini (CBT) - kwethulwa amaningi uhlelo rocket "Pinocchio" (kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, kodwa isikhali ngempumelelo kakhulu).
• Multiple kwethulwa rocket izinhlelo (MLRS) "Grad" - kabanzi izikhali zembubhiso.
• Yenza isimanjemanje futhi sithuthukise "dade" MLRS "Grad" - esisheshayo volley-umlilo izinhlelo (MLRS) "Tornado-G" (okuyinto abezindaba izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi "iSiphepho" ukusetshenziswa chassis ukulwa imoto weloli, "iSiphepho").
• Multiple kwethulwa rocket uhlelo (MLRS) "iSiphepho" - esinamandla nge engaba enkulu isinyathelo, esetshenziselwa ukushaya cishe nganoma iyiphi injongo.
• Yikuphi ayinakho analogue emhlabeni, esiyingqayizivele, okubangela ukwesaba, isicelo ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalokho amaningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo (MLRS) "Twister."

"Pinocchio" kusukela okubi inganekwane

Esikhathini kuqhathaniswa ezikude 1971, e-USSR, onjiniyela we "Design Bureau of Ezokuthutha Imishini", etholakala Omsk, okwethulwa ngomunye futhi umsebenzi wobuciko ngokusekela amabutho ezempi. Kwakuyisikhathi ezinzima ognemotnaya uhlelo lomlilo volley "Pinocchio" (TOSZO). Ukudalwa kanye ngcono okwalandela lokhu ognemotnogo eziyinkimbinkimbi igcinwe oluthathwa ngokuthi "oyimfihlo". Ukuthuthukiswa eyathatha iminyaka 9, futhi ngo-1980 uhlelo ukulwa, okuyinto uhlobo Ngohlelo T-72 tanks kanye isiqalisi nge 24 abagijimi, wagcina kuvunyelwa zilethwe Armed Forces of the Army Soviet.

"Pinocchio": isicelo

TOSZO "Pinocchio" lisetshenziswa ngokuqala umlilo futhi umonakalo eside:

• imishini abaphikisi (ngaphandle armored);
• izakhiwo ephezulu liphumele kanye nezinye izakhiwo;
• izakhiwo Ukuvikelwa ezihlukahlukene;
• Manpower.

MRL (TOC) "Pinocchio": incazelo

Njengoba kwethulwa amaningi rocket izinhlelo "Grad" futhi "Uragan" TOSZO "Pinocchio" yaqale esetshenziswa Afghanistan kanti eyesibili Chechen impi. Ngokusho idatha 2014, imishini enjalo impi babe amabutho empi Russia, e-Iraq, Kazakhstan futhi Azerbaijan.

amaningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo, "Pinocchio" ine izici:

• Isisindo CBT nge uhla egcwele ukulwa kuyinto amathani angaba ngu-46.
• Ubude "Pinocchio" - 6,86 m, ububanzi - 3,46 m, ukuphakama - 2.6 amamitha.
• osezingeni amagobolondo kuyinto 220 mm (22 cm).
• Isetshenziselwa kokudubula rocket engalawuliwe, okuyinto ayikwazi ukulawulwa emva kokuba ikhishwe.
• Iningi sokudubula ibanga - 13,6 amakhilomitha.
• Le ndawo esiphezulu yokulimala ngemva kokwenza volley - 4 amahektha.
• Isibalo amacala kanye wesitimela - izingcezu 24.
• Ngemishini volley eyenziwa kusukela ngaphambili nge ekhethekile umlilo uhlelo lokulawula ukuthi kuhlanganisa laser uhla othole nokubona, roll inzwa, nekhompyutha ballistic.
• Amagobolondo ukuqedela ROSZO ngemva kokuchitha Ukuvutha eyenziwa ezokuthutha futhi ishaja (TRV) imishini 9T234-2 imodeli ne crane nedivayisi Loader.
• Qalisa "Pinocchio" abantu abangu-3.

Njengoba singabona kusukela izici, eyodwa kuphela volley ka "Pinocchio" uyakwazi ukuguqula 4 amahektha endaweni wesihogo ovuthayo. amandla Umxhwele, akunjalo?

Inzika ngesimo "Castle"

Ngo-1960, i-esinakho-USSR ukwenziwa amaningi iziqhumane nezinye izikhali ezibulala uyaca NGO "ingxubevange" umkhankaso omunye umsebenzi imfihlo, futhi waqala ukuthuthukisa entsha ngokuphelele ngaleso sikhathi ngaphansi kwegama MLRS "Grad". Ukulungisa eyathatha iminyaka engu-3, futhi Army Soviet langena MRL ngo-1963, kodwa lokho akuzange kubavimbe ekuthuthukiseni it, kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1988.

"Grad": isicelo

Njengoba MLRS "iSiphepho" multiple iziqhumane "Grad" luye lwabonisa ukuthi ekulweni Imiphumela ngakho okuhle ukuthi, naphezu "ukuguga" yakhe, usalokhu ewukuphela asetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla. "Castle" isetshenziselwa isicelo okunomthelela olubabazeka kakhulu ku:

• wezikhali amabhethri;
• noma yiphi impahla ezempi, ezihlanganisa armored;
• Manpower;
• umyalo okuthunyelwe;
• izindawo ezempi kanye zezimboni;
• Anti-aircraft izinhlelo.

Ngaphezu amabutho WaseRussia, uhlelo esisheshayo volley umlilo "Grad" has enkonzweni cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, kuhlanganise cishe wonke amazwekazi omhlaba. Abantu abaningi izimoto ukulwa yalolu hlobo e-US, eHungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, eVietnam, Bulgaria, eJalimane, eGibhithe, eNdiya, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. Volley-umlilo izinhlelo Ukraine futhi aqukethe amayunithi 90 "Castle".

MLRS "Grad": incazelo

kwethulwa Multiple rocket izinhlelo "Grad" has izici ezilandelayo:

• Inani Isisindo MLRS "Grad", alungiselwe ukulwa kanye ukompletovannoy zonke projectiles - amathani 13.7.
• Ubude MRL - 7,35 amamitha, ububanzi - 2.4 amamitha, ukuphakama - 3.09 m.
• osezingeni amagobolondo kuyinto 122 amamilimitha angu (side kunaleso 12 cm).
• Isetshenziselwa kokudubula rocket osezingeni eziyisisekelo 122 mm, kanye eziyingozi ukuqhumisa projectiles kuqhume, amakhemikhali, incendiary umusi warhead.
• Kokudubula ububanzi MLRS "Grad" - kusuka amakhilomitha-4 kuya kwezingu-42.
• Le ndawo esiphezulu yokulimala ngemva kokwenza volley - 14.5 amahektha.
• Isibalo amacala kanye wesitimela - izingcezu 40.
• Omunye Salvo kuthatha imizuzwana engu-20 kuphela.
• icala Okugcwele ukudluliswa MRL "Grad" ihlala cishe 7 imizuzu.
• Uhlelo esisheshayo usesimweni efakwe akukho imizuzu engaphezu kuka-3.5.
• Ukutshaja le MRL kungenzeka kuphela ukusetshenziswa imishini ezokuthutha-ukushaja.
• Ukubona yaqaphela esebenzisa i-panorama isibhamu.
• Qalisa "Castle" abantu abangu-3.

"Grad" - uhlelo multiple iziqhumane, izimfanelo okuyinto esikhathini sethu kukhona amaphuzu aphezulu ngenxa kanembeza. Kuyoze kube phakade ukhona lalisetshenziswa empini Afghan, izibhelu phakathi Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh, ezimpini ezimbili Chechen, ngesikhathi sempi Libya, South Ossetia neSiriya, kanye nempi yombango kuleli Donbass (Ukraine), baqhumuka 2014 ngonyaka.

Isexwayiso! Esondela "Tornado"

"Tornado-G" (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, MRL ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ngokuyiphutha "iSiphepho", ngakho ukuze kube lula, nawa amagama amabili) - simiso volley umlilo, okuyinto inguqulo yesimanje ye MLRS "Grad". On ukudalwa lokhu hybrid enamandla ukusebenza design onjiniyela isitshalo "Fusion". "Development waqala ngo-1990 futhi yathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ngokokuqala ngqá kungenzeka namandla kohlelo esisheshayo wabonisa ngo-1998 phansi ukuqeqeshwa eduze Orenburg, ngemva kwalokho kwanqunywa ukuba nakakhulu ngcono MRL. ukuze uthole umphumela wokugcina, onjiniyela baye bathuthukisa "Tornado-G" ( "iSiphepho") eminyakeni 5 ezayo. ohlelweni volley-umlilo iye uyasho ukuthi izingalo Russian Federation ngo-2013 kuleli qophelo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lo m impi Imoto kuphela enkonzweni nge Russian "Tornado-G" ( "iSiphepho") -. Ohlelweni Salvo, okuyinto ehlukile noma kuphi.

"Tornado": isicelo

MLRS isetshenziswa impi ukuze akuqede izinjongo ezifana:

• wezikhali;
• zonke izinhlobo imishini onke esitha;
• izindawo ezempi kanye zezimboni;
• izakhiwo antiaircraft.

MLRS "Tornado-G" ( "iSiphepho"): Incazelo

"Tornado-G" ( "iSiphepho") - uhlelo multiple iziqhumane, okuyinto ngenxa amandla kwaqinisa nezinhlamvu, ububanzi amade futhi esakhelwe satellite isiqondiso uhlelo uvelile okuthiwa "udadewabo omdala" yayo - MLRS "Grad" - izikhathi 3.

Izici:

• Isisindo MRL e isethi ephelele kuyinto amathani 15.1.
• Ubude "Tornado-T" - 7,35 amamitha, ububanzi - 2.4 amamitha, ukuphakama - 3 metres.
• osezingeni amagobolondo kuyinto 122 amamilimitha angu (12.2 cm).
• MLRS "Tornado-G" kuyinto jikelele ukuthi, ngaphandle amagobolondo eziyisisekelo MLRS "Grad", ungasebenzisa isizukulwane esisha izinhlamvu nge ukulwa detachable izakhi ezuziwe, egcwele eziqhumayo cluster izakhi, kanye amagobolondo ephezulu alufakwa.
• Ibanga landscape esingu ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle ingamakhilomitha angu-100.
• Le ndawo esiphezulu labhujiswa ngemuva kokwenza omunye volley - 14.5 amahektha.
• Isibalo amacala kanye wesitimela - izingcezu 40.
• Ukubona wenziwa esebenzisa actuators eziningana wokubacindezela.
• Omunye Salvo wenziwa amasekhondi 20.
• umshini Ukufa ukulungele ukusebenza imizuzu 6.
• Labadubuli wenziwa nge iyunithi akude (DU) kanye kuyazenzakela ukulawula umlilo uhlelo ligcinwe abanikeze asebenza nabo.
• Crew - abantu abangu-2.

Ezinolaka "iSiphepho"

Njengoba kwenzeka iningi MRL, indaba "iSiphepho" kwaqala ngawo-Soviet Union, ikakhulukazi, ngo-1957. "Obaba" MLRS "iSiphepho" babe Ganichev Alexander Nikitivich futhi Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owokuqala eyenzelwe ohlelweni uqobo, kanti eyesibili athuthukile umshini lokulwa.

"ISiphepho": isicelo

MLRS "iSiphepho" kuklanyelwe ukuba nihlukane imigomo ezifana:

• wezikhali amabhethri;
• noma yiphi impahla isitha, kuhlanganise armored;
• ophilayo amandla;
• zonke izinhlobo zokwakha;
• anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo;
• ezicitshwayo wezindlela.

MLRS "iSiphepho": incazelo

Ngokokuqala ngqá, "iSiphepho" lalisetshenziswa impi Afghan. Kuthiwa ukuthi mujahideen ekwesabeni eyethile ukuthi MRL ngisho wamupha isidlaliso esabekayo - "Shaitan-ipayipi".

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo, "iSiphepho", izimfanelo ezibangela amasosha ukuhlonipha, wavakashela izibhelu eNingizimu Afrika. Yilokho lempi spodviglo yezwekazi lase-Afrika ukwenza intuthuko MLRS.

Okwamanje lolu MRL enkonzweni emazweni anjenge: Russia, e-Ukraine, e-Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, Syria, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

amaningi iziqhumane "iSiphepho" ine izici:

• MRL Isisindo ezithwele ngokugcwele futhi ezilungele - amathani angu-20.
• Ubude "iSiphepho" - 9,63 m, ububanzi - 2.8 amamitha, ukuphakama - 3.225 metres.
• osezingeni amagobolondo kuyinto 220 mm (22 cm). Ungasebenzisa amagobolondo nge Monolithic warhead ephezulu kuqhume, nge izingxenye ephezulu kuqhume, nge anti-tank anti-izisebenzi zasezimayini.
• Kokudubula uhla 8-35 amakhilomitha.
• Umkhawulo lesion endaweni ngemva kokwenza volley - 29 amahektha.
• Isibalo amacala kanye wesitimela - 16 izingcezu ngokwakho iziqondiso zikwazi ukujikeleza 240 degrees.
• Omunye Salvo kwenziwe amasekhondi angu-30.
• MLRS Okugcwele lingatshajwa "iSiphepho" ihlala cishe imizuzu engu-15.
• Ukulwa umshini ingena kokudubula isikhundla ngemizuzu nje 3.
• Ukutshaja le MRL engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma uxhumana TK-mshini.
• Ukudubula kwenziwa noma ngokusebenzisa isilawuli ephathekayo akude noma ngokuqondile abanikeze asebenza nabo.
• Amatilosi zabantu 6.

Noma njengoba multiple iziqhumane "Smerch", "iSiphepho" isebenza kunoma isiphi isimo wezempi, kanye esimweni lapho abaphikisi isebenzisa zenuzi, bacteriological noma izikhali zamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziyinkimbinkimbi uyakwazi usebenze nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokubheka isizini futhi lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni. "ISiphepho" bakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ukulwa kahle kokubili abandayo (-40 ° C), futhi lapho kokuzama sokushisa kwemini (+ 50 ° C). Indawo lapho uya MLRS "iSiphepho" yayingakhululwa elwandle emoyeni noma wesitimela.

Yingozi "Smerch"

amaningi iziqhumane "Smerch", izimfanelo okuyinto iphakeme kunayo yonke MRL ekhona emhlabeni, yasungulwa ngo-1986 bafakwa inkonzo amabutho empi eU.SSR ngo-1989. Kulesi labasokoci enamandla kube yilolu suku azikho analogue kunoma yiziphi amazwe emhlabeni.

"Tornado": isicelo

Lokhu MRL kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, ikakhulu ngoba ukubhujiswa okuphelele:

• wezikhali amabhethri azo zonke izinhlobo;
• ngokuphelele yimuphi nezempi;
• Manpower;
• izikhungo zokuxhumana kanye umyalo okuthunyelwe;
• wokwakha, kuhlanganise ezempi kanye zezimboni;
• zenith izakhiwo.

MLRS "Smerch": incazelo

MLRS "Smerch" itholakala amabutho eRussia, Ukraine, UAE, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, i-China, Georgia, Kuwait.

amaningi iziqhumane "Smerch" ine izici:

• Isisindo MRL kuyinto abephule futhi esimweni ukulwa - amathani 43,7.
• Ubude "Cyclone" - 12.1 m, ububanzi - 3,05 m, ukuphakama - 3,59 amamitha.
• amagobolondo osezingeni iyamangalisa - amamilimitha angu-300.
• Isetshenziselwa kokudubula rocket cluster nge edidiyele yokuphathwa unit and i motor ezengeziwe ulungisa indlela icala emgomweni. Injongo Amagobolondo zingahluka: kusukela kwehlukana ukuba lokushisa nokucindezelwa.
• Ibanga labadubuli MLRS "Twister" - kusuka amakhilomitha 20 ukuya kwayi-120.
• Le ndawo esiphezulu yokulimala ngemva kokwenza volley - 67,2 amahektha.
• Isibalo amacala kanye wesitimela - izingcezu 12.
• Omunye Salvo wenziwa amasekhondi 38.
• Okugcwele retrofitted MRL "Twister" amagobolondo ihlala cishe imizuzu engu-20.
• Ukuze ulwe nezigigaba "Smerch" isilungele isikhathi esingengaphezu kwemizuzu engu-3.
• Yokutakula MRL kuphela ukuxhumana TK-umshini ifakwe crane futhi idivayisi ukushaja.
• Amatilosi zabantu 3.

MLRS "Twister" - lena isikhali ephelele uyaca ukuthi ungasebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi izimo lokushisa, imini nobusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagobolondo adubula MLRS "Smerch", falling thwi, kanjalo breaking kalula ophahleni kanye izimoto zempi. Escape kusukela "Smerch" cishe akunakwenzeka, MLRS ukusha bese ebhubhisa yonke into engaba yayo yesenzo. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona amandla ibhomu lenuzi, kodwa namanje umuntu ongumnikazi "Tornado", ungumnikazi emhlabeni.

Umqondo "ukuthula emhlabeni" - kungcono iphupho. Futhi inqobo nje uma kukhona MRL, lungafinyeleleki ...