Nini ukwenza i-ultrasound yesithathu ekukhulelwe? Ngaleso sikhathi i-3 ultrasound ekhulelwe?

Wonke owesifazane ulindele ukubonakala kwengane yakhe. Kodwa ngenkathi umntwana esesiswini, usuvele uhlangana naye, okungenani kusuka esithombeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu kufanele abe ngaphansi kwe-ultrasound ehleliwe, okuzophinde ikutshele ngesimo somzimba wengane. Futhi nakuba kunombono wokuthi ukutadisha okunjalo akusizi usizo kakhulu kwengane, kusenqunywe izikhathi ezintathu phezu kwesikhathi sonke sokuzala imvuthu. Iyiphi i- ultrasound yesithathu esetshenziselwa ukukhulelwa, isikhathi esingakanani sokubaluleka ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa? Kulokhu nokunye okuningi mayelana nalokho okuwusizo futhi okuthakazelisayo kuzoxoxwa ngokulandelayo.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nenqubo uqobo

I-Ultrasound icutshungulwa njenge-ultrasound. Ukufeza le nqubo, kusetshenziswa isisetshenziswa esikhethekile, esingenandaba nomama nengane ezayo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi le nqubo ayinobungozi kusukela ekubukeni kwethonya lemisebe. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi le nqubo iphephile ngokuphelele kokubili owesifazane kanye nosana esibelethweni. Ikakhulukazi uma ucwaningo lwenziwa ngosizo lwemishini emisha.

Izinhlobo ze-ultrasound

Ngaphambi kokuqonda, ngimiphi isikhathi okwenzayo noma wenze u-3 US ekukhulelwe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili zokucwaninga eziyisisekelo:

1. I-ultrasound ye-Transabdominal. Kulokhu, kuyisifundo esivamile kakhulu, lapho inzwa yokudlulisa ulwazi ikhona ngaphandle, okungukuthi, esiswini se-lady.
2. I-ultrasound ehamba phambili. Kulesi simo, inzwa ifakwa ebulilini besifazane, ngakho-ke ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nesitho sowesifazane luyatholakala.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zindlela ezimbili ziphephile ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, i- ultrasound yangaphambilini inikeza imiphumela enembile kakhulu. Kodwa libuye lizwele kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo ezintathu-ntathu nezifundo ezine-ntathu. Umehluko wukuthi banikeza isithombe esilungile kakhulu se-fetus (esithombeni se-3D), futhi ezinyangeni zokuqala kungase kube ngokunembile nakwezinyathelo zangaphambili ukunquma ukuhlukumeza okuhlukile kwengane, uma kuqhathaniswa nakho konke okujwayelekile okuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi owesifazane umiswe i-doppler ultrasound. Iyini le nqubo? Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukutadisha izinqubo zokujikeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi yomntwana ngokwawo, nasezintanjeni nasemithanjeni yegazi ye-placenta. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni amaphutha enhliziyo, okungafani nokuhlukana kwezinkinga. Kumele kuthiwa lolu cwaningo lubiza kakhulu kune-ultrasound evamile, luqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ngesonto le-12-20.

Mayelana nenani le-ultrasound lonke isikhathi sokubeletha umntwana

Sekuyisikhathi sokuthola ukuthi yiliphi i-term 3 ultrasounds eyenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kumele kuthiwa kuye ngokuthi umtholampilo lapho owesifazane ebonwa khona, odokotela bangancoma ukuthi bafunde izifundo ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu kuzo zonke izinyanga ezingu-9.

1. I-ultrasound yokuqala yenziwa ikakhulukazi ngesonto lama-10-12. Nokho, kwenzeka nokuthi lesi sifundo sesivele sesibili. Kusukela okokuqala kwenziwa ngeviki lesi-5 kuya kweyisithupha ukuze kube nokuzimisela okunembile kwegama noma ngisho nokuba khona kokukhulelwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, udokotela kumele ahlole isimo se-fetus ne-placenta, ngaphandle kwamaphutha okuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo. Uma imishini isisha, kungenzeka ukuthi kunqume kusengaphambili ubulili bezimvuthu ezizayo.
2. I-ultrasound yesibili yenziwa ngeviki le-19-21. Kulokhu, isimo somntwana sibonakala, sekuvele kungenzeka ukuthi usho kahle ukuthi ngubani ohlala esiswini - umfana noma intombazane. Nakulokhu, ukungahambisani kahle kwemivuthu kungabandakanyi. Futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani le-amniotic fluid, isimo sayo.
3. Iphi i-ultrasound yesithathu eyenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngisiphi isikhathi? Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuqhuba lolu cwaningo cishe ngeviki elingama-32-34 lokubeletha umntwana. Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwesimo jikelele semvuthu, intambo yomlomo, i-placenta. Futhi, udokotela kufanele ahlobanise ubukhulu bekhanda lomntwana kanye nomgudu wokuzalwa womama ukuqonda ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuzoba nezinkinga ngokuhamba kwengane ngokusebenzisa umsele wokuzalwa.

Ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-3 ze-ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ngasiphi isikhathi esenziwe - zifakwe ngaphandle) zigcina. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuzalwa, lapho intombazane esevele isesibhedlela, enye i-ultrasound ingenziwa. Kulolu daba, odokotela bengezelela ukubuka indawo lapho kutholakala khona imvuthuluka yokukhetha amaqhinga afanele ekulethwa kwezidingo, futhi futhi banqume ukuthi kuzoba yini izinkinga ekamelweni lokulethwa kwezidingo.

I-ultrasound eyengeziwe

Ngemuva kokuthi ngabe i-ultrasound eyi-3 ehlelwe yiphi isikhathi, kanye nokwesibili nowokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezifundo ezingaphenduliwe. Zibekiwe kuphela udokotela ezimweni ezithile, uma ngaphezu kwalokho kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo somntwana, i-placenta. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile i-ultrasound eyengeziwe inqunywe ukukhishwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezehlukene zokwenza imvuthu, ngobuhlungu esiswini, uma ingane ikhuthele noma ihlalise kakhulu esibelethweni.

Ukulungiselela inqubo

Uma uqedile, yikuphi okushiwo noma wenze i-US yesithathu ekukhulelwe (ngeviki 30-32), kubalulekile ukuqonda nendlela le nqubo ingalungiswa ngayo. Uma, ngaphambi kokutadisha kokuqala, owesifazane kufanele aphuze ilitha elilodwa lamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze agcwalise isambiso, kanti isifundo sesibili nesilandelayo akudingi ukulungiselela okunjalo. Owesifazane udinga kuphela ukuthatha ithawula naye ukuze asule imikhawulo yejel ekhethekile esetshenziswa esiswini sakhe. Ngaphezu kowesifazane ngeke afune noma yini.

Uma i-ultrasound yesithathu ekukhulelweni (ngesikhathi esenziwa - kuqondakala) yenziwa ngendlela ye-intravaginal, lapho kwenzeka isirabhu kufanele isuswe ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi ngaphambi nje kwenqubo, le nkosikazi izodinga ukuya endlini yangasese.

Mayelana nesifundo sesithathu se-ultrasound

Uma uqonde, yikuphi i-3 ehleliwe i-ultrasound ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, udinga ukuthola ukuthi kungani le nqubo isenziwa. Ngakho-ke, uma omama bebheka ukuthi isifundo sesibili sibaluleke kakhulu, uma kungenzeka ukwazi ngokunembile ubulili bomntwana, odokotela bathi okuwusizo kakhulu futhi okudingekile yi-ultrasound yesithathu. Ngaphezu kokuthi udokotela uphinde ahlole ingane, i-placenta ngokwayo iphindwe ngokucophelela - isimo sayo, i-pathologies. Lonke ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi ukubikezela ngisho nenqubo yokulethwa komama, okungukuthi, udokotela uzimisele kusengaphambili ukuthi kukhona yini izinkomba zesigaba sokulahla.

Yini enye ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-ultrasound yesithathu ekukhulelwe? Ngesikhathi esithathiwe, sesivele sithole - ngeviki 32-34-th. Futhi phakathi nale nqubo, ochwepheshe futhi uhlola ukuhambisana komngcele ophansi we-placental nokuvulwa komlomo wesibeletho. Lesi silinganiso sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kulokhu, ungaqala ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona yini usongo lokugaya ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Udokotela futhi ulinganisa ubukhulu be-placenta ngokwayo, okunamathiselwe kwayo kumtholo womzimba, ubukhulu (isibonelo, ukwanda kwe-placenta kungaba yinkomba yenqubo yokuvuvukala).

Udokotela uphinde afunde izinga lokuvuthwa noma ukuguga kwe-placenta. Lesi yisici esibalulekile esitshela indlela ukulethwa okusheshayo okungenzeka ngayo, uma umntwana enesikhathi esanele sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele esibelethweni. Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezizosiza udokotela ukucacisa isimo sezempilo bobabili umama nengane yakhe yesikhathi esizayo kubhekwa.

Mayelana nemigomo

Uma owesifazane enesithakazelo embuzweni: "I-ultrasound 3 ekukhulelwe ngukuphi okungcono ukuyenza?" - Kumelwe uphendule ukuthi konke kuyedwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, udokotela uthumela owesifazane isifundo esinjalo ngeviki 32-34. Kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi owesifazane okhulwini lwe-ultrasound wesithathu uthunyelwe kakhulu kakhulu, ngoba owokuqala wamiswa ngeviki le-5-6, hhayi ngo-10-12, njengoba ngokuvamile kuvame. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, kuzo zonke izifundo udokotela uthumela iziguli zakhe ngokusho kwezinkomba ezithile. Futhi akudingekile ukuba ukhathazeke, uma udokotela eqoka ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Phela, le nqubo akuyona neze eyingozi kumama, akeke yedwa ingane yakhe.

Izinkomba zokuthuthukiswa

Njengoba sesiqalile ukuthi yikuphi isikhathi sokukhulelwa i-ultrasound yesithathu yenziwe, kumele futhi ngithi odokotela bafaka zonke izinkomba zibe itafula elikhethekile. Kuye kulezi zibalo, ochwepheshe bangathola iziphetho ezithile mayelana nesimo somntwana, kanye nemiphumela yokulethwa kwezizayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwehluka ekuthuthukiseni imvuthu kungaba (ngokusho kwetafula), kodwa akudluli ukushintshashintsha kwamasonto amabili. Esikhathini sokucwaninga kwakhe, ochwepheshe wenza izilinganiso ezilandelayo:

• I-BPR, okungukuthi usayizi we-biparietal (izilinganiso zekhanda lomntwana).
• I-OJ ne-OG, okungukuthi, ukujikeleza kwesisu kanye nenhloko, ngokulandelana.
• I-LZR, okungukuthi, usayizi wangaphambili-wesipilital ulinganiswa.

Udokotela kufanele abuye ahlole ubude bezilwane kanye nehlombe lama-crumb, amathambo we-shin kanye nethambo lesiteni, kanye nobukhulu bethambo lesifuba.

Ngesikhathi sokulibazisa kwentuthuko yesisu

Uma i-ultrasound 3 isenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ngasiphi isikhathi, siyazi: isonto lama-32-34 lokubeletha umntwana), udokotela angathola iziphetho ngokuthi ngabe umntwana unomthamo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Lokhu kungabonakaliswa yizibalo ezibhalwe ochwepheshe phakathi nocwaningo. Uma izilinganiso zincane kakhulu kunezo okufanele zibekwe ngokwetafula, udokotela uzokwazi ukulungisa lesi sifo sokuhlonza okukhulunywe ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lona wesifazane uzothunyelwa ezenzweni ezengeziwe, lapho ukugeleza kwegazi esiswini, umthambo womzimba, izitsha ze-fetus kufanele zifundwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukuzwa kwenhliziyo kwengane kuzolandelwa ngokucophelela.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuzama ukucacisa imingcele ye-ultrasound yedwa. Lolu uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, oluthi kuphela ochwepheshe abafanelekayo baqonde. Futhi ngisho nezinombolo ezidingekile, ezitholakala emakhasini ezincwadi zezokwelapha nezincwadi zokubhekisela, ngeke zitshele ngakho konke ofuna ukukwazi. Ngempela, kubalulekile ukuthi ochwepheshe bahlole kokubili ukuxhumana kwamagugu komunye nomunye, ukulungiswa kwazo nezinkomba ezithile.

Mayelana ne-ultrasound yokugcina

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, i-ultrasound yesithathu ingase ibe yokugcina. Nokho, ngokuvamile odokotela bathumela owesifazane ngokucwaninga olwengeziwe mayelana neviki lama-38 lokuzala umntwana. Futhi konke ukuze kunqume ngokunembile usuku lokuzalwa kanye nezinga lokuvuthwa kwe-placenta ekulethwa kwezidingo.