Yikuphi okungcono: iqiniso noma ububele (kuyadlalwa Gorky esithi "Lower Ngokujula")

Maxim Gorky (igama langempela Aleksey Peshkov) Sama kuyinto sibalo ezinkulu kwezincwadi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Waqala sangekhulu le-19, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi ngemisebenzi yakhe kwabonakala kubo bonke izinguquko kanye ze. Nokho, umsebenzi ekuseni yalotshwa umlobi sihluke kakhulu ezizayo. Phela, umlobi uqalise nge izindaba romantic. Umdlalo Gorky "I-Lower Ngokujula" uyisibonelo idrama namaqiniso igxile abacindezelwe isithombe nathemba baseman umphakathi waseRussia. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izincwadi izindaba zomphakathi e umkhiqizo une-kumiswa olubanzi zefilosofi: play izinhlamvu ukukhuluma ngezindaba ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi kungcono: iqiniso noma ububele?

Inkinga uhlobo

Njengoba for uhlobo umsebenzi, akubona bonke abacwaningi ngazwilinye imibono yabo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yaba fair nje sibala izingcezu idrama nomphakathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubonisa ukuthi okumunyu - inkinga zabantu wehlela phansi ukuphila. ukudlala izinhlamvu - izidakwa aphambe, izifebe, namasela ... Isenzo yenzeka indlu godforsaken zokulala, lapho kungekho isithakazelo "umakhelwane" yakho. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kuwukuhlakanipha ukubiza umsebenzi drama zefilosofi. Ngokwalo mbono, maphakathi yokungezwani isithombe ukubukwa, ukushayisana kwemibono. Inkinga enkulu lapho impikiswano namaqhawe: lokho kungcono - iqiniso noma ububele? Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uphendula lo mbuzo ngendlela yakhe. Futhi ngokuvamile, kuze kube sekupheleni akucaci ukuthi kukhona impendulo esiqondile. Kunjalo kumiswa zefilosofi e-play ngenxa ukubukeka kuwo likaLuka, ukhuthaza izakhamuzi endlini zokulala ukucabanga nokuhlaziya ngezimpilo zabo.

ukudlala namaqhawe

Izinhlamvu main play - abahlala yendlu zokulala. Isenzo kwakuhilela Kostylev aphethe Wezindawo Zokulala endlini, umkakhe, Vasilisa, actor (wangaphambili yaseshashalazini yesifundazwe umlingisi), Habib, impintshisi (umakhenikha) uNatasha -sestra Vasilisa isela Vaska Pepel, Bubnov futhi Baron. Omunye namaqhawe - "ongaziwa" kuyinto Luka uzulane, ngubani kwathushuka futhi ndawo isez emva isenzo lwesithathu. Kuyinto lezi zinhlamvu avele kuyo yonke play. Esti nezinye izinhlamvu, kodwa indima yabo asekelayo. Kostyleva - umbhangqwana oshadile bayehluleka inhlabamkhosi nomunye. Zombili zingezakhe luhlaza lokho futhi ihlazo, ngaphandle unonya. Vasilisa ozithandayo Vaska Ashes futhi uncenga kuye ukubulala umyeni wakhe osekhulile. Kodwa Vaska engafuni, ngoba uyazi yakhe futhi uyazi ukuthi ifuna sisusa natorgu yakhe, ukuze ahlukane CETP yayo Natalia. Womlingisi satin unendima ekhethekile kule drama. Lo mlingisi wathatha ukuphuza kudala, iphupho lakhe esigabeni esikhulu ngeke zafezeka. Ufana indoda endatjaneni likaLuka, verivshemu nokulunga kwakho ezweni, kwenza samoubistvo ekupheleni play. Habib monologues ibalulekile. Okusho, yena silindelwe Luka, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu akusho ukuthi bayamsola amanga, ngokungafani kuya kwezinye izakhamuzi endlini zokulala. It Satine ihlangabezana umbuzo: okuyinto engcono - iqiniso noma ububele. Ngo play "I-Lower Ngokujula" kwenzeka sibulale abaningana. Ana, umka-izibungu afa kakhulu ekuqaleni play. Indima yowesifazane, nakuba esikhathini esingeside, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. ukufa-Anna kungemuva ukudlala ikhadi enamathiselwe angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa isimo. Ngo Esigcawini sesithathu yokubulawa ulwa Kostylev yini enye okubaluleke nakakhulu bulshe Wezindawo Zokulala indlu izakhamuzi. Futhi ekupheleni kukhona ukuzibulala le actor Nokho, lapho, cishe akekho anaka.

Okuqukethwe yefilosofi play

Okuqukethwe yefilosofi idrama ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezimbili. Eyokuqala - Loyo ngumbuto weqiniso. Esesibili - impendulo yombuzo wangamalanga kule drama: ukuthi kangcono - iqiniso noma ububele?

Iqiniso emdlalweni

Hero Luka - ixhegu livela endlini zokulala nekucala asithembisa zonke izinhlamvu sekusasa eliqhakazile. Anna, uthi ngemva kokufa-ke ngizoya ezulwini, lapho uyoba ezolile, ngeke kube khona usizi nokuhlupheka. umlingisi Luka ekutshela ukuthi kwezinye idolobha (igama akasikhohliwe) has emitholampilo yotshwala, lapho ungalulama utshwala nakanjani free. kodwa umfundi ngokushesha uyaqaphela ukuthi Luka akakhohlwa igama lalowo muzi, ngenxa lokho akushoyo, alikho. Ash Luka weluleka ukuya khona uthathe uNatasha, kukhona kuphela abangayithola bavuselele ukuphila kwabo. Ngamunye izakhamuzi endlini zokulala uyaqaphela ukuthi Luka ukhohlisa kubo. Kodwa liyini iqiniso? Ngalolo nokuba ingxabano. NgokukaLuka, iqiniso abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi elapha, kodwa amanga, engiwakhulume inzuzo - akusona isono. Bubnov futhi Ash bathi kungcono iqiniso ababayo, ngisho noma nje akubekezeleleki kuka amanga. Kodwa umkhaza is ngakho babanjwa ukuphila wakhe kangangokuthi wayeshiseka akanandaba lutho. Iqiniso liwukuthi akukho msebenzi, akukho mali futhi abe nethemba lokuphila ehloniphekile. Lokhu iqhawe iqiniso uyamzonda njengoba nje izithembiso zamanga noLuka.

Yikuphi okungcono: iqiniso noma ububele (kuyadlalwa Gorky esithi "Lower Ngokujula")

Lona umbuzo oyinhloko. Luka enquma odnaznachno wakhe kangcono amanga kumuntu kunalokhu yokumngenisa ubuhlungu. Njengoba isibonelo, yena usitshela indoda ababekholwa pravdenuyu emhlabathini, wahlala futhi enethemba lokuthi kogda0nibud uthola khona. Kodwa lapho ezwa ukuthi akukho mhlaba, lingekho ithemba, futhi indoda wazilengisa. Umlotha Bubnov ongaphika sikhundla, zingabantu ngokucijile negative maqondana Luka. A isikhundla ukuhluka Kunenkolelo Habib. Yena okholwa ukuthi Luka ayikwazi emangalelwa. Phela, yena elele ngoba isihawu nesihe. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukwamukela lesi indoda Habib - ke kuzwakala kukuhle, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukubathobisa kuye isihawu. Umbuzo "lokho kungcono - iqiniso noma uzwela" in the play "I-Lower Ngokujula" kuyinto kungalungiswanga. Kodwa ingabe sikhona impendulo yombuzo ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi nangawo? Mhlawumbe impendulo eyodwa futhi beat bengayi. uhlamvu ngalunye ukuzixazulula ngokuhlukile, futhi umuntu ngamunye ilungelo lokukhetha ukuthi yini ezilungele kangcono - iqiniso noma ububele.

Ngokusho play Gorky esithi "Lower Ngokujula" nokubhala izingoma ukuthatha izihloko ezahlukene, kodwa omunye amadili ethandwa kakhulu ngqo nale nkinga, inkinga itholakala "insindiso."

Kanjani ukuba babhale indaba?

Okokuqala, udinga ukukhumbula mayelana nokubunjwa lesifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-eseyi-agumenti kulesibonelo sidinga ukuletha hhayi kuphela iziqephu komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi ukuze agcizelele ukuba izibonelo ezingenhla wokuphila noma ezinye izincwadi. Isihloko: "Yikuphi okungcono: iqiniso noma ububele" akuhambisani incazelo eyodwa emaceleni. kufanele kusho ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo, kufanele athathe isinyathelo ehlukile. Ngezinye izikhathi iqiniso bangambulala umuntu, khona-ke nanku umbuzo: Ingabe lo le ndoda yathi, owesaba isono, noma, kunalokho, unqume ukulimaza umakhelwane wakhe, ukwenza kabi. Nokho, bekhohliswa, futhi, noma ubani ofuna ukuba nje. Uma umuntu has a chance ukulungisa okuthile, ukuqala impilo entsha ngendlela ehlukile, ukuthi Akusincono ukwazi iqiniso? Kodwa uma kungekho enye indlela, futhi iqiniso ezulwini, ukuqede wena, futhi ungakwazi uqambe amanga. Yikuphi okungcono: iqiniso noma uzwela kuyadingeka - wonke umuntu unquma ngokwa esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo. Omunye kufanele bakhumbule njalo mayelana kwabaswele nomoya wokupha.

Ngakho, i-play iwumkhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi nge ukungqubuzana ezimbili-level. On ezingeni zefilosofi - ngamunye umbuzo othi: okuyinto engcono - iqiniso noma ububele. Ezansi ukuphila babe amaqhawe play Gorky, mhlawumbe, amanga Luka ngabo - obusebaleni elikhanyayo kuphela empilweni yami, ngakho ngisho ngabe Kubhekwe ke ukuthi uthi yiqhawe, amanga?