I resistivity wethusi. inqubo Physics

Igama elithi "ethize ngokuvamile atholakala izincwadi zikagesi ukumelana kagesi of sethusi." Futhi engaqondile pose umbuzo, kuyini na?

Igama elithi "ukuzabalaza" nganoma yisiphi umqhubi ngokuqhubekayo exhunywe ne ukuqonda inqubo kagesi nalokho zamanje. Njengoba lesi sihloko sizogxila ukumelana sethusi, khona kufanele sicabangele izici zayo nezakhiwo izinsimbi.

Uma kuziwa izinsimbi, ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukukusiza ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke zibe isakhiwo ethile - eheleni crystal. Atoms basesimweni ISIZINDA ngehele ngibenze kuqhathaniswa oscillations gqwa. Amabanga nezindawo ncenye incike amabutho nokuxhumana ukuzulazula kwama-athomu nomunye (Ukuheha umuzwa wokwenyanya), futhi ahlukile ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. A emhlabeni Atoms electron uphendukisa omise yabo. Futhi ubambe ukulingana kwamandla emzileni. Kuphela ukuthi amandla Luhambo kuya athomu kanye centrifugal. Ngiyacabanga isithombe? Ungashayela ke, futhi ngezindlela ezithile, static.

Manje engeza Dynamics. On ucezu zethusi uqala usebenza emkhakheni kagesi. Kwenzekani ngaphakathi umqhubi? Amaelectrons idabukile amandla yasendle kagesi kusukela zazo zingaphazami, ukusheshe isigxobo yayo omuhle. Nakhu kuwe kanye ukunyakaza ohlangothini of electron, noma kunalokho, zamanje kagesi. Kodwa endleleni ukunyakaza kwabo, zizithela zama-athomu eheleni crystal futhi electron usaqhubeka ukuzungeza ama-athomu yabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo balahlekelwa amandla abo nokushintsha isiqondiso. Manje kuba incazelo kancane sobala ukuba ibinzana "ukumelana umqhubi?" Lokhu kuma-atom ngehele futhi electron uzungeza kubo agweme iqondiswe ukunyakaza electron, lo kagesi emkhakheni dephula zazo zingaphazami. Kodwa kungase nomqondo ukumelana umqhubi ngokuthi ezivamile isici. Okuningi ngamunye ephawula umqhubi ngamunye resistivity. Ithusi kanye. Lesi sici sicaciselwe metal ngamunye, ngoba incike ngqo phezu kwesimo nobukhulu balezi eheleni crystal futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, lokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa ophakamayo umqhubi ama-athomu ibhekane vibration okukhulu ngaphezulu eheleni. A-electron uphendukisa emhlabeni ISIZINDA isivinini ephakeme elikhudlwana engaba orbit. Futhi-ke, ukuthi ama-electron khulula lapho ezihambayo ukuhlangabezana ukumelana nokuningi. Lona physics yenqubo.

I resistivity ka zethusi - ukubaluleka ejwayelekile. Amanani yalesi uhlaka zonke izinsimbi kanye nezinye izinto, kulinganiswa at 20 ° C, kungenziwa kalula atholakala etafuleni Ukubheka. Ukuze zethusi kuba 0,0175 Ohm * mm2 / m. Phakathi insimbi ngokuvamile nazo ngokwemvelo, lesi silinganiso iseduze ukubaluleka aluminium kuphela. Nguye 0,0271 Ohm * mm 2 / m. I resistivity ithusi ukubaluleka kuyinto yesibili kuphela esiliva, ukubaluleka okuyinto ilingana 0,016 Ohm * mm2 / m. Lokhu kubangela yokusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi ku zikagesi, enkulu ekwakhekeni amakhebuli kagesi, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba babashayeli, lapho obandayo ephrintiwe amadivayisi ayi- elekhthroniki. Ngaphandle kwezintambo zethusi alikwazi ukudalwa amandla transformers kanye motors abendlu kagesi zikagesi ezincane ukuthi isakhiwo energy-saving. Kulokhu, ukwandisa izidingo ngokuhlanzeka amakhemikhali izidakamizwa, kusukela khona ngisho 0.02% aluminium resistivity zethusi 10% kulo. Lokhu lethusi, Nokho, ezibhekwa njengezincwadi ngobuchwepheshe ehlanzekile kungenziwa ekhiqizwa kuwo eziningi imikhiqizo ethile.

Ngaphandle ulwazi amagugu resistivity akunakwenzeka ukuba sifeze izibalo ukumelana ingqikithi babashayeli yisayizi nomumo ekuthuthukiseni kanye nomklamo zikagesi. Ukuze abale ukumelana isiyonke umqhubi kusetshenziswa indlela R = p * l / S, lapho ukuncishiswa okwenzeka zincazelo:

R - ukumelana ingqikithi umqhubi;

p - resistivity insimbi;

l - ubude umqhubi;

S - sikwele Ingxenye evundlile umqhubi.

Ukuze izidingo zensimu kagesi esungulwe ukukhiqizwa ebanzi izinsimbi ezifana aluminium kanye ithusi resistivity zazo lincane ngokwanele. Lezi zinsimbi zenziwa ezahlukene izintambo futhi izintambo ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni futhi ukwenziwa zasendlini, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane amathayi, le Windings ka transformers kanye neminye imikhiqizo kagesi.