Aircraft. Umlando eyasungulwa

Mayelana phuma phansi futhi hambisa khona Ungathi izinyoni, abantu ngiphuphe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukuqaphelwa we enezimpiko kusikisela ukuthi indiza ziyadingeka kunendoda amaphiko. inganekwane sidilizwa yesiGreki Icarus futhi Daedalus ekutshela kwakhiwa kanjani ibhanoyi lokuqala self-ezenziwe - Amaphiko izimpaphe labetibambile ndawonye wax. Ukulandela namaqhawe wasenganekwaneni amadoda amaningi abanesibindi baye basungula design yabo wamaphiko. Kodwa amaphupho abo akhuphuke esibhakabhakeni akuzange kube njalo, waphelela e inhlekelele.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo emzamweni usungula imoto esebenza ukusetshenziswa amaphiko ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Baholwa amandla imilenze noma izingalo, kodwa nje eshaya izandla futhi ukukhulisa lonke isakhiwo esibhakabhakeni abakwazanga.

Angazi uhlale eceleni futhi uLeonardo da Vinci. ukuthuthukiswa Akwaziwa Leonardo flying imishini enamaphiko ezithathekayo, waqalisa ngamandla imisipha womuntu. Indiza yokuqala kwadalwa the brilliant usosayensi wase-Italy futhi umsunguli ubhekwa sibonelo endizeni. Leonardo ukuboniswa waphansi ifakwe bendiza omkhulu yefilakisi elifakwe isitashi impahla 5 amamitha amabili ububanzi.

Njengoba isisu umklami, amadoda amane atholakale ukushintshanisa izingalo ekhethekile umbuthano. ososayensi Modern bathi ukuze alethe le design iragela phambili, amandla kwemisipha zabantu abane kwakungenele. Kodwa uma uLeonardo da Vinci esetshenziswa njengoba isibangeli enamandla entwasahlobo, ezindizayo umshini wakhe wayengenza isimo sasekhaya sibe ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa indiza yangempela. Kulesi imiklamo ekuthuthukiseni izindiza da Vinci abayekanga, azidala amasethi ukuthi ungandiza esebenzisa amandla omoya, ngisho nasesikhathini 1480s, wahosha umdwebo waphansi "I-jumping kusuka kunoma iyiphi ukuphakama ngaphandle ukulinyazwa abantu." Idivayisi, isithombe esithombeni akuyona sihluke kakhulu parachute yesimanje.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimanga kungase kuzwakale, kodwa ibhanoyi lokuqala ukuthi wathatha eziya esibhakabhakeni, waba bancishwa kwamaphiko akhe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, abafowethu Montgolfier, isiFulentshi Zhak Eten futhi Zhozef Mishel, yasungulwa sezimiso ibhaluni. Indiza, egcwele umoya oshisayo ungase phakamisa wezimpahla noma abantu. Umuntu wokuqala enyuka bhakabhaka ku hot air balloon, ibhaluni baba abasunguli compatriot uJean-Francois de Rozier Pilatre. Ngemva kwenyanga, wenza hot air balloon in the inkampani nge Marquis d'Arlandom kuqala indiza khulula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1783.

Balloon-ibhaluni wathutha ngentando umoya lisiza abantu ecabanga indiza elawulwa. Ngo-1784, ngemva konyaka owodwa nje ngendiza yokuqala endaweni ibhaluni, edumile usosayensi, sezibalo, unjiniyela kanye unjiniyela lempi Zhak Mene ethulwa iphrojekthi indiza (lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi French egameni elisho "elawulwa"). Nguye owasungula i nezindiza side ovikelekile, indlela ukulungisa nacelle ukuba ibhola ballonet ukugcwalisa ngaphakathi igobolondo egesi ukuvuza. Futhi okubaluleke - Meunier izindiza kwaba ifakwe bendiza ukuthi uzungeza, mina kwakudingeka aphakamise umzimba design phambili.

Kuphela ukuba uqaphele umbono okhazimulayo Jacques Meunier ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenakwenzeka, le bendiza kwesokudla sasingakagcwaliseki yasungulwa.

Kunoma ikuphi, sibonga ekuthuthukiseni ososayensi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule futhi izindiza zabo okuzenzela kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukiswa izindiza yesimanje futhi ukuvela okusheshayo, evulekile nokunokwethenjelwa izindiza.