Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko: endleleni, usayizi, izithombe

Comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko baba isivakashi njalo emibikweni yabezindaba kusukela 2003, lapho kwanqunywa ukuba ulithumele imoto yakhe "Rosetta" nge module Uzalo "Fila". Inhloso, ngaphandle ihaba, iphrojekthi wokuvelela ukuthi ukutshala yedivayisi into futhi ukufunda izimfanelo zaso. Namuhla, ngo-Ephreli 2015, singasho ukuthi umsebenzi kuphumelele. Kodwa lokhu kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe umsebenzi ivolumu kokubili ukudalwa mkhathi, kanye nesifundo lezinkanyezi ezinomsila.

ukutholakala

Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, trajectory, usayizi kanye nemingcele yayo, aqondakale kahle ngaphambi kokukhetha ke njengoba into mission "Rosetta". Usuku esethulo alesi umzimba cosmic ubhekwa Okthoba 23, 1969. Izithombe lokuqala inkanyezi enomsila Nokho, Churyumov-Gerasimenko, zazitholakala nje ngaphambi 11. Khona-ke wabahloli esizayo Svetlana Gerasimenko Klim Churyumov futhi iqembu lezazi zezinkanyezi kusuka Kiev State University waphawula ukunyakaza lezinkanyezi ezinomsila esibhakabhakeni phezu ezizungezile Alma-Ata.

Okthoba 11 Svetlana Gerasimenko enomsila wenza isithombe nokuquleka ngenxa yokuphuza kakhulu Sola, okuyinto kwenzakala endaweni eyinqaba, mhlawumbe, umshado ipuleti lokushicilela. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile has Klim Churyumov, ngokutadisha lokhu kanye nezinye izithombe kusuka esibhakabhakeni kulendawo, ngathola ukuthi endaweni kuyinto ekhona konke ukuqhela futhi obonakalayo ngokumelene isizinda izinkanyezi. Izithombe bathunyelwa Cambridge ukuze Brian Marsden, ngubani ibalwa emzileni le inkanyezi enomsila entsha. Baqamba igama lakhe ngokuthi ke behlonipha Laba. Ezincwadini zesayensi nendikimba ethile esemkhathini eyabizwa ngokuthi Comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

indiza izici

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, kutholakale isidumbu cosmic kuyinto lezinkanyezi ezinomsila esifushane sikhathi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi yenza kungafani: esimisweni sonozungezilanga, izinto ezingaphezu kwekhulu yohlobo olufanayo njengoba inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko. indiza yayo indlela kangangokuthi perihelion orbit (kwesincane kunazo zonke ibanga isikhundla ukuba ilanga) ulahlwe phakathi Earth Mars, futhi aphelion (isikhala ibanga kekulukulu kufika ilanga) - orbit for negesi amakhulu i-Jupiter. Ukusakazwa inkathi kancane esingaphansi iminyaka 6.6.

Budebuduze iplanethi enkulu kangaka like Jupiter, ngoba noma ubani hhayi uhambe ngeze. Ayikho ngaphandle kanye inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko. I trajectory indiza yayo Njalo sibhekana adonsela phansi giant. Ngokusho izibalo lososayensi esikhathini esithile esidlule eyodwa revolution we nendikimba ethile esemkhathini emhlabeni Sun kwathatha cishe iminyaka emithathu ngaphezulu, kodwa iminyaka engu-10 ngaphambi ukutholakala yayo le inkanyezi enomsila futhi sathuthela eduze Jupiter. Umphumela waba nokuncipha kwesikhathi ujikeleza.

Into mission

Uma uya emuva probe "Rosetta" inkanyezi enomsila 67P ke baba izisulu the project ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• kusukela kwatholakala iminyaka engu-40 ashona, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho isihloko lwenziwe liqashelwe: izazi zezinkanyezi kahle orbit futhi ongabikezela cishe noma iliphi ithonya kungenzeka kuso;
• orbit le inkanyezi enomsila sika esitshekile kusukela Ecliptic by 7 ° kuphela, okusho ukuthi akukho isidingo eyengeziwe energy imithombo ukukhulisa mkhathi ngaphezu Ecliptic.

Nokho, inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko, usayizi, orbit nezinye izici okuyizinto ngokuphelele evumelana emsebenzini onjalo, hhayi ukuzikhethela kuqala. Ekuqaleni, probe obekumele ukuya Wirtanen enomsila, efanayo imingcele yayo nge 67P. Isimo ishintshile ngenxa yokwehluleka injini imoto kwethulwa "Arion-5." Ukwethulwa kuhlelwe uhlehlisiwe, futhi isiqalo esihle iye aphuthelwe. Kuleli qophelo, futhi kwathi cishe ngemva konyaka sizokwazi ukuthumela "Rosetta" kwesinye into - inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Long iminyaka engu-10

Uphenyo "Rosetta" kufanele ukuya nomsila enomsila, pre-equalized ngesivinini sakhe, ukuba umngane wakhe ngokukhohlisa, ukucacisa kungenzeka kokwehla endaweni bese uphonsa Module "Fila". Ukuze konke lokhu kwenzeke, iyunithi kwadingeka iminyaka engu-10 ukuba azungeze zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe, "Rosetta" wathatha isithombe Mars Nomhlaba engeli eziningana, ngokuphindaphindiwe awela ngisho ibhande elisemkhathini , futhi uhlangane ezimbili ngabameleli bayo, futhi wathwebula kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwakuwukubonana "Rosetta" izithombe enomsila wenza Churyumov-Gerasimenko, kwasiza ekuca- ezakheke ngayo. Kwatholakala ukuthi 67P ongaboni ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili zixhunywe mdweshu ewumngcingo ngokwanele. Izigatshana 67P zingatholakala Ukhulumé a duck iraba, lapho emafomu kufana le inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Ubukhulu "ekhanda", ingxenye ezincane, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.0 km, "umzimba" - 4.1 × 3.2 × 1.3 km.

Mission ezingenzeka

Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane, singasho ukuthi kuqala emlandweni wesintu lokufikela a mkhathi phezu inkanyezi enomsila lidlule wonke yimpumelelo. Nokho, I module "Philae" kokwehla akayena ngempela lapho kwakuhlelwe, futhi kungakabiphi waphelelwa amandla izinqolobane, wakwazi ukuba adlulisele ulwazi oluningi Earth.

Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ebusweni ukucinga indikimba yendaba, "Fila" udlulile enqubeni lokutshala, kakhulu, "wahlushwa" kusuka kudivayisi: ke rattles, yamba, ukudluliswa nokunye. Abacwaningi etholwe idatha ukubunjwa, nesimo sendawo, amandla adonsela phansi. Okuyigugu lolu lwazi futhi ngoba inkanyezi enomsila has engu efanayo yesimiso sonozungezilanga futhi ngenxa yalokho, kungembula ezinye izimfihlo lasungulwa.

Imiphumela Omfushane

Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, landscape isithombe okwasiza kumephu ebusweni ibilokhu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ngokuvumelana nezici impumuzo. Phakathi zokwakheka abafana amawa futhi amagquma atholakele imitha emithathu amagquma, ezivame kubo bonke ubuso. Kucatshangwa zingabantu ejwayelekile ezinye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila.

Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo, kutholakale ukuthi kwabantu engxenyeni impahla inkanyezi enomsila ingakanani le inkomba emanzini. Ososayensi baye baphumelela ekwabeni ratio organic compounds kanye nama-molecule yamanzi. Okokuqala baningi ukuthi zehluke ezizathwini of abacwaningi. Lezi idatha kwaholela ukuba aphinde acabange umbono ka umsuka inkanyezi enomsila: kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lenzeka eduze Jupiter. ubufakazi okusha kakhulu kusikisela ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila babevela endaweni eqhelile ngaphezulu sonozungezilanga, kusukela Kuiper Belt.

Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, trajectory futhi izici eziye ukuza wephrojekthi ezinkulu "Rosetta", akazange embule zonke izimfihlo zakhe. Idivayisi, ukuletha "Fila", namanje esihambisana yakhe futhi namanje okuxhunyanwa idatha. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi thina maduze ufunde mayelana 67P eziningi.