Likuphi Mammoth Umgede - emhumeni ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni?

Lapho sithi "Mammoth Umgede", ungakwazi ukusiza ngeso lengqondo konke izinsalela zamathambo Ice Age imidondoshiya eyathola amaphayona amahholo ngomshoshaphansi. Eqinisweni, i-English elithi Mammoth "likhulu". Ngakho-ke emhumeni akuhlangene ne-mammoth. Noma kunjalo, kuyajabulisa kakhulu ukuvakashela. Lena emhlabeni emangalisayo komhlaba ehlanganisa amahholo giant, maqembu eside, branched zemibukiso. Lapha imifula, izimpophoma ezinomsindo, kukhona ichibi. I Mammoth Umgede zitholakala nezilwane ekhethekile - nezimfanzi eyeless, inhlanzi abayizimpumputhe. Lokhu uxhaxha komhlaba akukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Okwamanje, singaxoxa mayelana amakhilomitha amahlanu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa ubude. Futhi leli nani elishaqisayo ubonisa Mammoth Umgede e abaholi olungenamkhawulo zemibukiso elide kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa nge ngamunye odlulayo ngonyaka cavers ukuthola izindinyana entsha bese amahholo! Mayelana izimangaliso eHayidese, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

Likuphi Mammoth Umgede

Kususelwa ngokwezinga elikhulu nemipheme komhlaba, singasho ukuthi yokwelula kwawo wonke Ridge Flint Ridge (Flint Ridge) kwi iqhubezela esentshonalanga Appalachian Mountains. Mammoth Umgede has kweminyango eziningana kwamanzi. Futhi ngaphambili kukholakala ukuthi Crystal, Salty, engaziwa - abanye uhlelo ngomshoshaphansi. Nokho Speleological oluye lwenziwa phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, baye bathola ukuthi konke kuhlobene ne Mammoth. Ngo-1972, uhambo ososayensi likhombe ethile ohlelweni olukhulu zemibukiso komhlaba Fisher Ridge. Chief, emnyango olusemthethweni itholakala eduze nedolobha Brownsville (eKentucky, eU.SA). Eighty amakhilomitha away edolobheni Bowling Green, nabo emhumeni ukuxhuma othelawayeka 31E, futhi 31W mina-65. I zezindiza eliseduze zitholakala e-Indianapolis, futhi Nashville.

Inani

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi baye basungula ukuhlobana zemibukiso komhlaba ngaphansi yokhalo Fisher no Flint, Mammoth Umgede baba omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Kulesi sisekelo, UNESCO ngo-1981 yayihlanganisa ke ohlwini yayo engokwemvelo eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba izindawo (at inombolo 150). Uma uxhuma emhumeni, bangazihluphi eyesibili neyesithathu ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, bese Mammoth beziyoba zinde kunalokhu oyikho phezu amakhilomitha eyodwa namashumi ayisithupha. Ngokusemthethweni, ke uyindalo emangalisayo bemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi Mammoth-Flint Ridge Umgede System. It kungenziwa elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Giant emhumeni uhlelo ngaphansi yokhalo Flint." Kodwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa ingakanani le ndawo bavakashela yizivakashi. Mammoth Umgede (isithombe kulo mdlalo we-) yindlela Ngamangala izivakashi zayo. Lapha umzimba mummified itholwe i-Indian, owafa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule lapho ukukhiqizwa Gypsum. Ngenxa microclimate akhethekile ukungabi kwegciwane emoyeni futhi izingubo walondoloza ngokuphelele cadaver izicubu. Siye sekushiwo mayelana abakhileyo okuyimfihlakalo eyeless emifuleni komhlaba Echo futhi Styx. Ososayensi abakwazi okwamanje zihlanganisa lezi zidalwa kunoma uhlobo eyaziwayo izinhlanzi. Duzane Mammoth Umgede National Park yasungulwa ukuze alondoloze imvelo acwebile kanye labantu amalulwane.

kwaba kanjani uhlelo emhumeni

Ngaphambili, esizeni isimo yesimanje of Kentucky lapped ulwandle engajulile futhi efudumele. Izigidi mollusk abaphila bafa esikhathini amanzi, amagobolondo zabo zashona phansi, sidilike, sicindezelwe ngaphansi umthwalo kwabanye. Lena yindlela enamandla limestone kwetinhlavu. Khona-ke kolwandle aqala ukwehla, okubangela ungqimba ububanzi futhi waterproof ka sandstone Big Clift. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-abayizigidi eziyishumi edlule yaqala karsting inqubo namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Sandstone wasebenza njengomfundisi ikhava: akazange avumele amanzi emvula basuse ishoki ngenhla. limestone Washout esenzeka emathunjini omhlaba amanzi umfula lasendulo ngomshoshaphansi. Ngakho-ke, Mammoth Umgede Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi zincane emihumeni ejwayelekile zokwakheka - elilengayo futhi stalagmites. Kuphela kwezinye izindawo, amanzi emvula yamba zokuphuma kuya ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi leaked ngokusebenzisa sandstone, wadala amakamelo "eqandisiwe Niagara" nabanye.

Ukuvulwa emhumeni

Njengoba isango layo elikhulu, kanye nezinye ukuvuleka ukuthi yayikade kubhekwe lazami kwezinye emigedeni, ke sekuyisikhathi eside ujwayelene amaNdiya endawo. Lokhu kufakazelwa amathuna ngabanye lezidumbu izinyanda efile futhi angqongqa ezinomhlanga, lapho abacwaningi lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi izimbaqa lasekuqaleni. Mummy getter usimende, ochotshoziwe nanhlanu ton imbokodo, wathola amakhilomitha amahlanu kude emnyango. Kodwa phakathi baseYurophu Mammoth Umgede yabe seyaziwa kuphela 1797, bese kuphela ngengozi. abazingeli ababili siphishekela grizzly kwalimala wabona okokufaka omkhulu phakathi emathunjini omhlaba.

ukukhiqizwa Indawo nitrate kanye eyingqopha wendawo

bamakoloni engumthengisi ngokushesha yathola ukusetshenziswa lokhu ayekutholile. umnikazi Okokuqala, B. Simon, ngikutholile lapha potassium nitrate kanye ocebile, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona impi eNgilandi. Ngo sokuthula, lapho isidingo akha ingxenye neziqhumane wawa, emhumeni isibe Luhambo wendawo. Kusenjalo kwatholakala lo mummy i-Indian. Ukuheha izivakashi ezimbalwa, waya emhumeni, ayibuyisele kumnikazi wayo, F. Gorin e 1838 esimisiwe Umhlahlandlela isigqila sakhe, uStefanu Bishop. Kwakuwusuku indoda kumelwe siqale kumephu we uxhaxha ngomshoshaphansi. Bishop wakwazi ukuthola ngokusebenzisa 'umgodi ongenamkhawulo' futhi uthole ukuthi Mammoth Umgede, ubude ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe ukuba amakhilomitha 16, ubude kakhulu - 40 km. Lo mhlahlandlela-eyinceku yeza anamagama eziningi amahholo nemipheme, okuyinto manje esetshenziswa iziqondiso yesimanje.

Sibhedlela, esiqiwini

Dzh.Kogan wathenga womhume singene ukuhlabana Bishop evela kumnikazi wangaphambili futhi wanquma umiselwe yembathani emhlabeni kulesi sibhedlela ngoba consumptive. Iziguli akuveli kakhulu, kodwa kancane kancane ukuthandwa Mammoth Umgede njengoba Luhambo izivakashi esimweni. Esikhathini 30s kwekhulu elidlule ngu abendawo ezinkantolo wenzé kuhlukaniswa komhlaba emhlabeni yokungena inzalo Kogan. Ngo-1941, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa Mammoth Umgede National Park - «Mammoth Umgede - National Park."

Uhambo

Minyaka yonke emhumeni evakashela izivakashi ezingaba inkulungwane 500. Abaphathi National Park inikeza izivakashi eziningana izinhlobo hambo, ezahlukene ubude, izindleko, ubude umzila nokuba yinkimbinkimbi yayo. Amanani aqala ku- zamadola ezine (Amahora okuvula Tour). Ikakhulukazi ethandwa uhambo lwamahora ayisithupha (12 USD). Izivakashi ukuchitha ku Cleveland Avenue, ogama izindonga khanya kusukela Gypsum. Khona-ke abahambi ingcosana ku "Ithebula Snowman." Indlela yedlula ensungubezini ewumngcingo futhi ijulile Boone Avenue futhi iphela ihholo "eqandisiwe Niagara." Ukukhanyisa yonke indlela lolu hambo kagesi. Kodwa ungafunda kanjani ukubheka Mammoth Umgede ngaphambili, lapho bahlola amaphayona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, futhi kukhona "zasendle" izinkambo ezimbalwa (46 USD). Izivakashi zinikwa nezigqoko, izimbaqa, ziya Maze of amahholo komhlaba nemipheme, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ekhuphukela othulini.