Iyini isignali ye-analog

Ngamunye wethu ubhekene namadivaysi kagesi nsuku zonke - lena ifoni ephathekayo, ikhompyutha yomsebenzi nokuzilibazisa, isethi se-TV, isamukeli somsakazo, njll, esivele sesijwayele kakade. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule akekho owakucabangisisa ukuthi ngabe isignali yedijithali noma i-analog isetshenziswa yini kudivayisi ethile. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esincane sidlulile futhi igama elithi "digital" ngenxa yomkhankaso wokukhangisa ocabangekile uye waba kubantu abaningi abahambisana namazwi athi "okuhle, eliphezulu, okuthembekile." Kuyafaneleka ukuvuma ukuthi kukhona iqiniso elithile kulokhu. Isibonakaliso se-analog sisetshenziselwe ukudlulisa ulwazi ngaphambi kwesejithali. Lokhu kungenxa yokucubungula okulula, ukungabikho kwengqalasizinda nezinye izizathu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini isignali ye-analog, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izinto eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe kagesi, ikakhulukazi, uhlobo lwamandla kagesi. Phela, isignali esibuzwayo, eqinisweni, ixhumene ngqo nayo - ingaba noma yikuphi ukuhanjiswa kwamanje noma amasimu kagesi. Ngokuqinisekile, wonke umuntu wezwa nge-sinusoid "edumile".

Hamba ngomqondo umugqa oqondile - lena yisikhathi sesikhathi. Umugqa oqhubekayo wokutshengisa umvuthwandaba uboshwe kuwo, futhi ukuphakama kwamagagasi angaphansi nangaphezulu kwe-axis. Okulandelayo, cabanga ukuthi sidlulisa lolu lugagasi olufana nomvuthwandaba ngesikhathi se-axis. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lamagagasi awela nganoma yisiphi isikhashana isikhathi sizokwehla. Futhi manje "cindezela" i-sinusoid - amaza aqala ukuhamba kaningi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngalezi zenzo sishintsha imvamisa. Uma siqhubeka nokuhlolwa komqondo futhi "shintsha / welula" amagagasi phezulu nangaphezulu ngokuqondene ne-axis yesikhathi, singakwazi ukushintsha ukuphakama. Yileyo ndlela isignali ye-analog eyakhiwa ngayo.

Umsakazo usebenzisa lezi zindlela ezimbili - FM (Frequency Modulation) no-AM (Ukulinganisa kwe-Amplitude). Yiqiniso, isibonelo esinikeziwe senziwe lula ukuze siqonde. Ngaphandle kokushintsha imvamisa kanye (noma) ukuphakama, amaza agxila kwezinye, ngokuqondile, izinguquko. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nalokhu ingatholakala kumawebhusayithi akhethekile noma ezincwadini.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okushiwo ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlele incazelo: isignali ye-analog iyindlela eqhubekayo yokuhambisa imininingwane. Enye yezingqinamba zayo kungenzeka ukuthi "ukungcola komsindo". Manje kukhona amafoni omakhalekhukhwini kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi wonke umuntu, okungenani kanye, ushiye ifoni eduze ne-TV esebenzayo noma izikhulumi zekhompyutha. Lokho kungavamile ukuchofoza ukuchofoza okuzwakalayo kuzikhulumi ngaphambi kokuthola i-SMS noma ukuthola ucingo kuyaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Ziyiziphazamiso ze-electromagnetic, zihanjiswe kumsindo owenziwe yi-TV noma ikhompyutha. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuyinto engathandeki.

Isiqondiso senziwa kubaqhubi bezikhulumi. Empeleni, i-wave modulated wave (isignali yesignali) idalulwa emathonyeni angaphandle, ukuphazamiseka kufakwe kuwo. Yiqiniso, kulokhu, umuntu ukhetha kalula idatha ewusizo (umsindo) emsindweni, kodwa uma isignali ithola izikwele zomqondo, khona-ke kuvela ubunzima obuningi. Isibonelo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sinqume ngokuqinile ukuthi idatha ewusizo iyini, futhi lapho umsindo ukhona.

Ngakho-ke, indlela yokudlulisa i-analog ithathwe esikhundleni se-digital. Ama-analog ne- digital signals ahluke ngokuphelele. Iwesibili idalwe kanje: i-wave sine ihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ibe yiqoqo lamaphuzu, isikhundla ngasinye esinekhodi elandelwayo ngokulandelana kwamapulse kanye nezikhala (akukho okwamanje). Ngokujwayelekile ukushayela kufana neyunithi enengqondo, futhi isikhathi sokufika kuya kwesinye (nakuba kungase kube khona indlela ehlukile). Idivaysi yokwamukela idonsa impumputhe etholakele futhi ibuyiselwe isono sensimbi yangempela. Ngokusobala, isignali enjalo ayitholakali kancane, ngoba i-decoding unit iyabonakala ngokucacile imifula. Nokho, uma izinga lomsindo lidlulele, isignali yedijithali ilahlekile.