Umklomelo we-Abela, ama-laureate ayo kanye nempumelelo yawo

Umklomelo we-Abela ungumfanekiso weNobel Prize, kodwa kuphela umahluko owakwazi ukuwathola izibalo. Ikakhulukazi kubo ngo-2002 eNorway, futhi lo mklomelo wasungulwa. Kusukela ngo-2003, uye wanikezwa izibalo ezinhle kakhulu zesikhathi sethu. Lomklomelo ubizwa ngokuthi udumo lomsosayensi odumile uNiels Abel.

Kungani umklomelo wadalwa?

I-N.H. U-Abela wenza umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwezembalo. Waba ngumsunguli wemfundiso okuthiwa yi-elliptic futhi wenza umthelela omkhulu kulo mqondo wochungechunge. Usosayensi wahlala iminyaka engu-26 kuphela. Ukuhlonishwa kwe-bicentennial kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa kwayo, uhulumeni waseNorway wanquma ukunikeza inani elihle (NOK 200 million) ukuze kusungulwe umklomelo we-Abel. Akudalwanga kuphela ukuvuza izibalo ezivelele. Omunye umgomo kwakuwukuba ukwandisa izibalo phakathi kwesizukulwane esincane.

UPierre Deligne - owawunqoba ngo-2013

Ngubani owanikeze lo mklomelo? Ngo-2013, umklomelo we-Abela wanikezwa isazi sezibalo saseBelgium uPeter Deligne ngokunikela kwakhe ekwenzeni i-algebraic geometry, ukuguqulwa kwenomboro yezinombolo, izethulo kanye nezinsimu ezihlobene.

U-Deligne wazalelwa eBrussels futhi waphumelela e-Free University yaseBrussels. Ngemuva kokuba umcwaningi evikela indaba yakhe yokufundisa, waqala ukusebenza e-Institute of Higher People's Studies.

Okudume kakhulu kwempumelelo kaPeter Deligne kuwubufakazi be-Thiryl hypothesis, esibhekwa njengenye yezazi zezibalo eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi kuka-1970 no-1984, wasebenza ePrinceton University e-United States. Ngo-2006, iNkosi yaseBelgium yanika uDeligne isikhundla seViscount, emenza abe yinkosikazi. Manje u-Pierre Deligne unobulungu be-French Academy of Sciences, iNational Academy of Sciences of America, neRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences. ERussia, u-Pierre Deligne uphathwa ngokufudumele. Phela, ososayensi banikezwa umklomelo weDeligne, owenza ngo-2005-2009 bangathola izibalo ezincane ezinesibalo. Emva kwalokho, isisekelo seDynasty sathola ukusekelwa kwamathalenta amancane.

Umklomelo ka-Abela ka-2014: Jacob Sinai

Ngo-2014, umklomelo ohlonishwayo wamukelwa isazi sezibalo saseRussia uJakov Sinai, oyingxenye yePrinceton University, kanye ne-Institute of Theoretical Physics. Landau. Ikomidi Lesiklomelo libonisa ukuthi uJakov Sinai uye wazuza imiphumela ephawulekayo kulezi zindawo njengamasistimu ashukumisayo, i-physics ye-mathematical and theory. Usosayensi wazalwa ngo-1935 eMoscow emndenini wezazi zezinto eziphilayo. Ngo-1957 waphumelela eMoscow State University. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Kusukela ngo-1971, unguprofesa eMoscow State University, futhi usebenza nase-Institute of Theoretical Physics. Landau Yakov Sinai. Umklomelo we-Abela wanikezwa ososayensi eneminyaka engama-78. ISinayi inyathelise izihloko ezingaphezu kuka-250 zesayensi, futhi yabhala nezincwadi eziningana. UJakov Grigorievich iSinayi manje uthathwa njengomunye wezibalo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke. Imisebenzi yakhe eminingi yisezikhaleni zemathematika ne-physics.

Ukuhlonishwa kuka-2015 - uJohn Forbes Nash

Ngo-Meyi 19, 2015 umklomelo we-Abela wanikezwa isazi sezibalo esibizwa ngoJohn Forbes Nash. Usosayensi wathola umklomelo kanye noLuis Nirenberg. Ngo-Meyi 23, lowo nyaka, usosayensi wafa nomkakhe engozini yemoto. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-86 ubudala. Ngo-1994, uJohn Nash naye wanikezwa umklomelo weNobel emkhakheni wezomnotho ngomsebenzi wakhe emidlalweni engeyona yokubambisana. Umklomelo waseNorway wanikezwa ososayensi ngomnikelo wakhe ekutadisheni ukulinganisa okungafani kokungafani. Enye yezimpumelelo eziyinhloko zikaNash kwakuyi-theory yemidlalo, ehlola amasu aphezulu kakhulu. Futhi enye yezinto ezitholakalayo kakhulu kwakuyi-theory of equilibrium.

Usosayensi wathola ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngemuva kokuba abe yiqhawe lefilimu ebizwa ngokuthi "The Mind Games." I-biography yakhe yakhanga abalobi, ngoba uJohn Nash, ekubeni isazi sezibalo esihlakaniphile, wahlushwa yi-schizophrenia. Le filimu ibonisa ukulwa komsayense onesifo.

Ngokungafani noJohn Nash, owayefuna ukusebenza yedwa, uLuis Nirenberg wenza cishe amaphesenti angama-90 okufezekisa kwakhe kanye nabalingani bakhe. Wathola imiphumela emihle embonweni wokulinganisa okuhlukile. Eziningi ze-derivatives zithiwa nge-Nirenberg kanye nozakwabo. Naphezu kokuthi umklomelo we-Abela weMathematika wathola uNash noNirenberg, abazange basebenze ndawonye. Noma kunjalo, impumelelo yabo yaba nethonya elikhulu kokubili komunye nomunye, futhi ngezibalo ngokujwayelekile.

Andrew Wiles: ubufakazi be-Fermat's theorem

Ngo-2016, umklomelo we-Abela wanikezwa isazi sezibalo esiNgisi u-Andrew Wiles ukuze kube nobufakazi obuphumelelayo besayensi ye-Fermat. Manje ososayensi usevele eneminyaka engu-63 ubudala. Wathola imfundo eCambridge nase-Oxford. Ama-Wiles azalwa emndenini womfundisi waseNgilandi owasebenza njengomprofesa wezinkolo eCambridge University. Isazi sesayensi yena wasebenza iminyaka engama-30 eMelika, efundisa izibalo ePrinceton. Manje amaWile asebenza e-Oxford University. Ngomzuzu wamanje unamaphuzu angaba ngu-15 wezimpumelelo emkhakheni wezibalo. U-Andrew Wiles uvinjelwe yiNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II.