Konke ciliates: uhlobo, ekilasini, sakhiwo kanye netimphawu

Omunye abameleli ejwayelekile kakhulu owaziwa iyona ciliary ciliate-slipper. It uhlala ngokuvamile emanzini ukuma isiqondiso kanye angenasawoti amachibi uhlobo lapho ezahlukene ngaphandle nolaka. Phakathi kwendawo ezihlala kuyo is compulsorily aqukethe ukubola udaba eziphilayo. Kufaneleka ukucabangela ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici ukuphila kwalesi nezilwane ummeleli.

abameleli ciliated

протистов, включенных в группу Alveolata. Ciliated (ciliates) - uhlobo protists kufakwe Alveolata iqembu. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi phakathi kwabo kukhona abamele ezihlukahlukene amafomu: kuvikelwe neselula, abaphathi bamakoloni ngedwa. isakhiwo somzimba wabo wehlukile kakhulu. характеризуется размерами тела, которые варьируются от 10 мкм до 4, 5 мм (это касается одиночных форм). Libhekene ciliates uhlobo umzimba osayizi ziyashiyana kusukela 10 microns kuya kwele 4, 5 mm (lokhu kusebenza amafomu olulodwa). Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, bahlala ikakhulu angenasawoti amadamu emvelo, kodwa atholakala kolwandle njengengxenye benthos ne-plankton (okungenani - enhlabathini noma wona). Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ingxenye enkulu ukucabangela flora kuyinto eziphila noma izilokazane eziphila ngezinye ezinye izidalwa: inhlanzi, annelids, mollusk, nokunye. ) можно рассматривать в роли моделей организмов в отношении биологии на молекулярном уровне. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ciliates eziningi (isibonelo salokhu uhlobo ciliate-izicathulo) kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha onobuhle eziphilayo maqondana biology ezingeni yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

isici ehlelekile

, навазние которого происходит от слова «настойка» (в переводе с латинского языка). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ciliates - thayipha navaznie okuyinto livela egameni "tincture" (eyahunyushwa isuselwa Latin). Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi abameleli lokuqala elula eficwe herbal isithako nomuthi kwengoma. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa yalolu hlobo ngokushesha isiqala athole umfutho. . Ngakho, namuhla eziphilayo okwaziwayo izinkulungwane mayelana 6-7 zezinto eziphilayo ohlanganisa uhlobo ciliates. Ethembele idatha 1980, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi uhlobo kubhekwe ehlanganisa e yayo amakilasi isakhiwo ezimbili: ciliates (superorder has ezintathu) ukuncela futhi ciliates. Mayelana lolu lwazi, singaphetha ngokuthi ukuhlukahluka eziphilayo abaningi kakhulu, okungukuthi isithakazelo esiqotho.

Ciliates lwemsebenti: Abameleli

abameleli ahlonishwayo lolu hlobo kukhona ciliate-balantidiums futhi ciliate-izicathulo. izici zayo lezi zilwane zazitholakala pellicle camera cilia, ezisetshenziswa ukuthutha, ukuvikelwa ciliates imizimba ngokuqondile designated trichocysts (ectoplasm wahlela igobolondo), futhi khona kuseli ye nuclei ezimbili (vegetative futhi okuzala). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkatho temlomo emzimbeni ciliates amafomu temlomo uphondo ukuthi unekhono ukuhambisa emlonyeni iseli eholela emphinjeni. Lokho kukhona vacuoles yesisu akhonza ngokuqondile for kokudla esiswini. Kodwa izingxenye undigested isuswa emzimbeni poroshitsu. весьма многогранна, однако основные моменты рассмотрены выше. Izici ezifana ciliates iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa amaphuzu ayinhloko okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Kuphela, kufanele eyayihambisana amabili vacuoles contractile ciliates zitholakala ezinhlangothini ezihlukene zomzimba. Kungenxa ukusebenza kwawo excreted imikhiqizo amanzi noma umzimba ngokweqile.

Ciliate-slipper

Ukuze qualitatively uhlole isakhiwo nendlela yempilo eziphilayo ezithakazelisayo ngakho, isakhiwo owumphumela, kufanelekile ukubhekisela isibonelo elihambisana. Lokhu kudinga ciliate-izicathulo, okuyizinto abantu abaningi sebekholelwa fresh imizimba amanzi zemvelo. Bona kalula kungenziwa buhlanjululwe ezitsheni evamile (isibonelo, aquarium), kukhona iGulf of edlelweni hay elula amanzi ahlanzekile, ngoba kule isithako nomuthi yalolu hlobo eba, ngokuvamile, ezihlukahlukene zama-lenyama, kuhlanganise ciliate-izicathulo. Ngakho, ngokusebenzisa isibonakhulu, ungakwazi, ngokomthetho ukufunda yonke imininingwane enikeziwe esihlokweni.

Izimpawu ciliate-izicathulo

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ciliates - uhlobo ehlanganisa sebuningini izakhi, ezithakazelisa kakhulu okuyinto ciliate-izicathulo. Lokhu isilwane owumphumela, ogama ubude isigamu milimitha, ifakwe lokuphotha-ukuma. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umzimba zibukeke okusikhumbuza a esicathulweni, okuvela kulo, ngokulandelana, futhi igama othakazelisayo ezinjalo. Ciliates slipper ngokuqhubekayo uhlala esimweni motion, futhi yena aphinde abhukude abuyele ekupheleni blunt kuqala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isivinini ukunyakaza ngokuvamile ifinyelela 2.5 mm ngomzuzwana, okuyinto enhle kakhulu ukuba kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu zalolu hlobo. Uma uyikha phezulu le, cilia ciliate-izicathulo umzimba kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ukukhonza motor organelles. Njengazo zonke ciliates, ubuke umzimba has e oyiyo izikhwebu ezimbili: onokwethenjelwa elalibhekwa njengelikhulu kakhulu ngaleso umsoco, ukuphefumula, ukunyakaza kanye umzimba, futhi kancane ehilelekile aspect ngokobulili.

Umzimba ciliate-izicathulo

umzimba Kudivayisi ciliate-izicathulo is lukhuni. I enamathela yangaphandle imelele igobolondo mncane nokunwebeka. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuphila kulo ukuba silondoloze ukuma efanele emzimbeni umzimba sika. abasizi Kweqiniso ukubhekisela kwalo kukhona ngokuphelele fibrils athuthukile atholakala cytoplasm ungqimba enamathela imvilophi. ebusweni umzimba ciliate-izicathulo benawo lenqwaba (mayelana 15000) cilia oscillating kungakhathalekile yizimo zangaphandle. Ezansi umzimba ngamunye basal itholakala. Cilia enze ukunyakaza cishe izikhathi ezingu-30 ngomzuzwana, kuka ibenze umzimba phambili. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi undulations yalezi amathuluzi kakhulu ukungaguquguquki evumela ciliates e inqubo ukunyakaza kancane futhi kahle ukujikisa mayelana eksisi longitudinal zomzimba.

Ciliates - Wemiqulu kuphakamisa isithakazelo

Ngokuqondisisa ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izici ciliate-izicathulo kufaneleka ukucabangela izinqubo zokuphila eziyisisekelo zayo. сводится к употреблению бактерий и водорослей. Ngakho, uhlobo lokudla kuyehla kube ciliates adle ama-bacterium, ulwelwe. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda i umzimba endowed nokucindezeleka, ukubizwa ngokuthi yeselula odlulayo iyiphi indawo emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, phansi okuyinto ukudla singene vacuole samaqanda. Kukhona-ke kugaywe cishe ihora, okwenza e inqubo yenguquko ukusuka azibukhali ane-alikhali. Vacuoles lihamba emzimbeni by ciliates cytoplasm samanje, futhi izinsalela undigested zitholakala ngaphandle ezingemuva emzimbeni poroshitsu.

Breathing ciliate-izicathulo eyalo cytoplasm umoya-mpilo nesembozo umzimba. A izinqubo secretory zenzeka vacuoles ezimbili contractile. Ngokuqondene nenhliziyo encane eziphilayo, i-ciliates, izicathulo bavame ukuba bahlangane endaweni izakhiwo webhaktheriya ekuphenduleni ama-bacterium secrete izinto. A iflothi kude umfutho enjalo bathanda usawoti.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Ciliate-izicathulo akwazi ukwanda ngenye yezindlela ezimbili. Kube ukukhiqizwa kabusha okwandile asexual, lapho core ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Ngenxa yalokhu msebenzi infusoria ngamunye 2 cores (ezinkulu kanye nezincane). ukuzala kuyafaneleka uma kukhona ezinye kwamaphutha ekudleni, noma ushintshe lokushisa komgwamanda isilwane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemva kwalokho infusoria ezingenza abe simila. Kodwa uhlobo ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha yokwanda kwenani kwezilwane ayifakiwe. Ngakho, ciliates ezimbili axhumene phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, okuholela kokuphela igobolondo nokwakha elixhumanisa phakathi kwezilwane. Kubalulekile ukuthi umongo enkulu yilowo nalowo kubo esenyamalala, pass encane inqubo yokuhlukanisa kabili. Ngakho, umongo osizayo 4 ke ezintathu kuzo ziba libhujiswa ngo ngayinye ciliates, kanti owesine ihlukaniswe futhi. Inqubo zobulili okuthiwa conjugation. A ubude ongafinyelela amahora 12.