Contractile vacuole futhi umsebenzi wayo isingeniso

Lesi sihloko wethula umfundi isakhiwo eziphilayo elula - okungukuthi, igxile nokwakheka vacuole contractile kokwenza excretory (hhayi kuphela) umsebenzi, ngeke ukhulume okushiwo elula uchaza izindlela zavela imvelo.

Contractile vacuole. Umcabango

Vacuole (kusuka vacuole isiFulentshi, kusukela lesiLatin elithi vacuus -. Akunalutho), izimbotshana ezincane eyindilinga ngezitshalo nangezilwane amaseli noma eziphilayo unicellular. Contractile vacuole uvame nakakhulu kulabo eziphilayo elula ezihlala abantu amanzi ahlanzekile, isibonelo, phakathi protists ezifana amoeba Proteus, Paramecium caudatum, okuyinto lethiwa okoqobo kusuka ukuma umzimba, efana ukuma yamathe izicathulo. Ngaphezu kwalezi ilula, izakhiwo ezifanayo ezitholakele kumaseli angenasawoti izipanji ahlukahlukene, okungokwendlela spongillidae umndeni.

Isakhiwo vacuole contractile. izici zayo

Contractile vacuole kuyinto organelles ulwelwesi, okuyinto wenza ejection uketshezi okweqile kusukela cytoplasm. Indawo kanye nesakhiwo yalolu phiko siyahlukahluka eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Isakhiwo bubble-noma ukuthi ijabulise vacuoles ngokuthi Spong, uketshezi engena vacuole contractile. Ngenxa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kohlelo inakekelwa esitebeleni iseli ivolumu. Ngo lenyama babe vacuoles contractile, okuyinto bakha iyunithi elawula ingcindezi osmotic futhi sikhonza ukuze siyifeze kusukela imikhiqizo umzimba kwamazinyo. nje umzimba siqukethe yengqamuzana eyodwa kuphela, okuyinto yena, osinikeza imisebenzi edingekayo ekuphileni. Abamele le subkingdoms ezifana Paramecium caudatum, amoeba Proteus, nezinye unicellular ifa lazo zonke izakhiwo ozimele.

Indima eziphilayo elula

Cage wenza yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile: Ukukhetha, emishinini yokuphefumula, ukucasuka, ukunyakaza, imifanekiso, futhi umzimba. Lenyama kukhona ikuyo yonke indawo. Abantu abaningi ezitholakala emhlabeni emanzini olwandle futhi fresh, abaningi abahlala umswakama kungathinta impilo isitshalo e izidumbu zezilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi futhi abantu. Emvelweni, alive yini lenza indima sanitary, njengoba behileleka ekusebenziseni nokusakazwa izinto bona, kukhona ukudla izilwane eziningi.

Contractile vacuole at amoeba Proteus

Amoeba Proteus - ummeleli we rhizomes ekilasini, kungaqali, ngokungafani namanye amalungu emzimbeni ngendlela ehlala njalo. Ukuhambisa esilandelayo nge prolegs. Manje ake ukubhekana nalabo, uyini umsebenzi vacuole contractile ngesikhathi amoebae. Lokhu isiqondiso ezingeni ingcindezi osmotic yengqamuzana yayo. Ungishiya amoeba Proteus zingase zimiswe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yeseli. Ngokusebenzisa uma kubanda ulwelwesi olungaphandle amanzi kusukela imvelo agelezela osmotically. I lokuhlushwa solute kuseli amoeba kunaleyo imvelo. Ngakho, umehluko Umfutho ongaphakathi amaseli aphansi nangale. Contractile imisebenzi vacuole e amoeba - uhlobo idivayisi ukuncela ukuthi okukhiphayo amanzi okweqile kusukela lenyama cell. Ukukhishwa imvelo amoeba Proteus ketshezi zanqwabelana can kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-surface umzimba.

umsebenzi Lezo vacuole contractile zamukelekile phakathi eziphilayo elula ezihlala amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngo amafomu yisinanakazana kanye zasolwandle ezihlala endaweni lapho ingcindezi osmotic ingaphezu kwe ngamanzi agobhozayo, lezi amadivaysi bakudala ziyancipha noma kakhulu kuyaqabukela ngokuvamile engekho. Duzane contractile vacuoles ku eziningi eziphilayo elula mitochondria bagxila ekuletheni amandla ukwenza umsebenzi osmotic.

Ngaphandle osmoregulatory eyenza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya emishinini yokuphefumula, ngenxa Osmosis eletha engenayo amanzi nomoya-mpilo siphela. Yini enye engingabuye umsebenzi we vacuole contractile? Vele enze umsebenzi excretory, okungukuthi nge amanzi etholakala imikhiqizo umzimba endaweni yazo yemvelo.

Breath Ukukhetha osmoregulation e ciliates izicathulo

Umzimba umane imbozwe igobolondo obukhulu, okuyinto has simise njalo. It udla ama-bacterium, futhi ulwelwe, kuhlanganise nabanye lenyama. Ciliates umzimba liyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezu kokwanoma isakhiwo amoeba. Kuseli, phambili izicathulo ezingemuva kukhona vacuoles ezimbili contractile. Kulesi iyunithi ithangi akachazeki futhi tubules ezincane ezimbalwa. Contractile vacuole njalo, sibonga lesi sakhiwo (microtubule), endaweni elungisiwe kuseli.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-vacuoles contractile emphilweni omele elula - osmoregulation, njengoba kususa kusukela cell amanzi angadingeki olunceleka iseli ngenxa Osmosis. Okokuqala, kukhona ukuvuvukala iziteshi ehola, ke amanzi akhishwa kuzo ngethangi ekhethekile. Kwesigubhu kuyehla, ahlukaniswa okuholela iziteshi ngokusebenzisa pores amanzi akhishwe. Kuseli, ciliates kukhona vacuoles ezimbili contractile, okuyinto yena, enza ngokuphikisana. Ngenxa ukusebenza amadivayisi ezimbili ezifana enikeziwe lechubekako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi njalo lalikhona ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi contractile vacuoles. Basuke yanjalo onomfutho futhi ukusikwa imvamisa incike lokushisa kuma.

Ngakho, ngaso ekamelweni lokushisa (18 - 20 degrees Celsius), ukuvama Kufinyeta of vacuoles, ngokuvumelana imizuzwana ezinye 10-15. Futhi uma ucabangela kuleyo ndawo izicathulo zemvelo ziyingxenye yimuphi amanzi ahlanzekile ne emi amanzi khona therein we ezibolayo, izinga lokushisa kwe-medium at degrees eziningana iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sonyaka kanye ke ukuvama Kufinyeta ongafinyelela imizuzwana 20-25. Omunye ihora contractile vacuole umzimba elula nokujikijela uyakwazi lamaseli isamba yamanzi. sokuboshwa lingakanani. Zinqwabelanisa izakhi undigested ukudla, imikhiqizo ekupheleni umzimba, kungabuye oxygen ne-nitrogen itholiwe.

yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile lenyama

Umthelela on ukuzungeza elula izinto ngokwemvelo okubaluleke kakhulu. Amadamu ngenxa Uzalo kwendle, yokuzalanisa izinto eziningi amagciwane ezinkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona lenyama ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ukudla ala magciwane, futhi ngaleyo ndlela nomthelela emvelo yokuhlanza amadamu.

isiphetho

Naphezu isakhiwo esilula la magciwane owumphumela, emzimbeni okuyinto yakhiwa kuseli eyodwa, kodwa wenza imisebenzi yonke umzimba, ngokumangalisayo ingashintshwa ukuze imvelo. Lingase kubonakala ohlakeni lwale vacuole contractile. Kuze kube manje, thina sebeye bazibonakalisa kubaluleke kakhulu kule imvelo elula indlela labahlanganyela ngayo umjikelezo we ndaba.