Baltic Sea: usawoti, ukujula, indawo, incazelo,

Baltic Sea - amaphethelo angasenyakatho aleli ichibi Eurasia. Esinquma ngokujulile ezweni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela libhekisela amanzi ukugeleza izinhlobo yangaphakathi. Ulwandle igcwalisa amanzi Atlantic. Itholakala Northern Europe. OLwandle iBaltic kukhona amazwe aseBaltic. Futhi emazweni anjenge eDenmark, eSweden, eFinland, eJalimane, Russia nase-Poland. Nge ukugeleza olwandle ixhunyiwe ngokusebenzisa isimiso Danish Straits futhi eNorth Sea.

Le ndawo kwesigubhu imayelana ayizinkulungwane 415 sq. Km. Umthamo kwamanzi namanzi - engaphezu kuka-20 eziyinkulungwane cubic metres .. km. Umkhombe ejulile - 470 metres.

Hydrology

Baltic Sea, lapho usawoti kuthinta kakhulu izilwane nezitshalo, egcwele omningi amanzi ahlanzekile. Ziyakwazi umthombo njalo imali. Ukusakaza Salty ukungena kwesigubhu ngokusebenzisa amatheku nemingenela. Tides amazinga kubi, ngokuvamile, ubuningi babo akuyona engaphezu kwengu-20 cm.

I of the Sea ukujula uhlale endaweni engaba eyodwa uphawu. Lingaba ithonya elinamandla umoya uquqaba. Nasogwini ezingeni amanzi ongasukuma kufika ku-50 cm izikhala baqaphe - up 2 amamitha.

Iziphepho phezu kwamanzi ageleze cishe ayikho. Njengezinye ezilwandle ukugeza Russia, Baltic Echibini ngehlise umoya, futhi kuyaqabukela lapho amagagasi alo singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha 4 amamitha. Iziphepho Iningi ekwindla, ngo-November. iyehla iyenyuka Maximum - 7-8 amaphuzu. Ebusika cishe wayeka, it is kugqugquzelwa ice.
Njalo ngoba oLwandle iBaltic - incane. Esikhathini uhla 10-15 cm / s. inyuka Maximum phezu lapho kuneziphepho ukuba 100-150 cm / umzuzwana.
tide Baltic Sea cishe ezingabonakali. Lokhu kunengxenye ekwenzeni neku- kwemihlambi ukusakaza aqueous. Izinga yabo luyehluka in the kumamitha angu-20. Ukwanda esiphezulu izinga lamanzi - ngo-August no-September.

Ingxenye enkulu ogwini imbozwe ice Okthoba kuya April. Ingxenye eseningizimu zolwandle isikhungo ayigongobali kodwa zimuka izinguzunga zeqhwa isikhathi incibilikiswa (June-Agasti).

OLwandle iBaltic kuyinto linothe kakhulu kwezokumbiwa. Lapha amanga sikawoyela, amasimu amasha achazwayo. Futhi, imali enkulu amber wathola kamuva. Subsea igesi iya endleleni "Nord Stream".

Futhi khona oLwandle iBaltic amumethe izinhlanzi kanye izilwane zasolwandle. Eminyakeni yamuva, imvelo flow kakhulu sawohloka. Amanzi ugcwale ubuthi ephuma nemifula emikhulu. Okuhleli bese khona ezikhali zamakhemikhali dumpsites.

Ngenxa engajulile ulwandle lokuthumela akuyona kakhulu athuthukile. Kuphela izinkantolo nisenokukhanya ukuwela emfuleni ngaphandle kwezinkinga. I lamachweba amakhulu kunawo oLwandle iBaltic: Vyborg, Kaliningrad, Gdansk, Copenhagen, eTallinn, Petersburg, Stockholm.

Amanzi lokhu kwesigubhu ayifanele ukuthuthukiswa spa ezokuvakasha, kodwa nokho kukhona sibhedlela kanye esibhedlela izingxenye ugu. Lokhu Russian resort amadolobha Svetlogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Sestroretsk, Jurmala, Latvian, Lithuanian Neringa, Polish Koszalin futhi eSopot, isiJalimane Ahlbeck Binz.

Incazelo emfushane izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kanye usawoti kolwandle

Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi oLwandle iBaltic, njengoba umthetho, izinga lokushisa kuyaqabukela ephakeme kunaleyo 15-18 ° ^C. Ezansi, kumayelana 4 degrees. Ngo Gulf ngokuvamile sezulu ezolile futhi +9 .. + 12 ^° C

Baltic Sea, le usawoti zazo incipha ohlangothini kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, ekuqaleni ukugeleza linenani olusemthethweni - 20 ppm. Ngesikhathi lokhu sibalo sinyuke ngo-izikhathi 1.5 ukujula.

igama

Igama lokuqala etymological "Baltic" butholakala indatshana zomlando kwekhulu XI. Igama ngaphambili kolwandle - Varangian. Kukhulunywa ngaso ku "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" abadumile.

amaphuzu kakhulu

Imikhawulo oLwandle iBaltic:

• eningizimu - Wismar (eJalimane), izixhumanisi - 53 ° 45` p. w.
• Northern - Polar uhlela umbuthano - nge 65 ° 40`. w.
• East - Petersburg (Russia), ukuxhumanisa - 30 ° 15` e. njll.;
• West - Flensburg (eJalimane), ukuxhumanisa - 9 ° 10` e. d.

izici Geographical: endaweni, nemingenela nasemathekwini

Baltic Sea (usawoti kanye nezici zayo kuchazwe lapha ngezansi) sandisiwe kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga i-1360 km. ububanzi Maximum Ingabe etholakala phakathi emizini Stockholm futhi Petersburg. Kuyinto 650 amakhilomitha.

Ngokusho umlando, oLwandle iBaltic, zikhona eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 4. Esikhathini esifanayo uqala akhona futhi umfula ejulile, yiwo ogelezela ichibi - Neva (74 km). Ngaphandle kwayo, okuhlanganisiwe ne umfudlana emifuleni abangaphezu kuka-250. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lawa Vistula, Oder, Narva, Neman, Western Dvina.

Ezinye emachwebeni oLwandle iBaltic amanga amatheku yayo enkulu. Ngasenyakatho Gulf of Bothnia, enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ejulile. Empumalanga - Riga, elise phakathi Estonia futhi Latvia, Finland, awashe ogwini Finland, Estonia, i-Russia, futhi le Curonian Lagoon. Ngenxa yokuthi mithandazo ahlukaniswe ezivela olwandle isihlabathi, amanzi ekusakazeni cishe fresh. Lesi isici esiyingqayizivele.

I of the Sea ukujula avareji - amamitha angu-50, ngezansi uwela ngokuphelele kuleli zwekazi. Lokhu ehilelekile futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kuthiwe yona yangaphakathi imizimba amanzi maphakathi nezwe.

iziqhingi

Endaweni ulwandle elise iziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezinobukhulu ezahlukene. Basuke etholakala Ukuboshelwa ngasogwini, futhi kude nakho. Isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke ye-Baltic Sea - Zeeland, Falster, Myung, Langeland, Lolland, Bornholm, Funen (okungewakho Denmark); Öland futhi Gotland (esiqhingini Swedish); Fehmarn futhi Rügen (osebenza ku Germany); Hiiumaa Saaremaa (Estonia).

ugu lolwandle

Baltic Sea (olwandle inomthelela kakhulu kuye ngamanzi) has a ogwini ezahlukene emhlabeni azungezwe emanzini. Esikhathini enyakatho ingxenye - phansi kuyinto engalingani, enamadwala, ogwini sihlehliswe kanye coves encane, Amashalofu okubeka kanye eziqhingini ezincane. Ingxenye eseningizimu, kunalokho, phansi kuyakhanya futhi ugu ephansi, nge lolwandle sandy, okuyinto kwezinye izindawo emelelwa izindunduma encane. Njalo ogwini abasha - isihlabathi nemishayo, enquma ngokujulile olwandle.
phansi sedimentary ethulwa oluhlaza, kodaka abamnyama (imvelaphi glacial) nendawo yesihlabathi inhlabathi siqukethe amatshe ukuze kuvuleke.

Usawoti kanye ushintsho yayo njalo

Ngenxa lemali elikhulu kwezulu futhi enamandla amanzi ukugeleza emifuleni, Baltic Sea (usawoti ichibi elincane) ligcwele amanzi ahlanzekile ngokweqile. It is basakaza Ukuboshelwa. Lapho Baltic Echibini ezijulile ebhishi - amanzi cishe fresh, futhi usawoti kuthinte eNorth Sea. Lesi simo engazinzile. Ziphepho zadlulela ngisho nasemazweni lula kuhlangana amanzi.
Kulesi sisekelo, le usawoti ka oLwandle iBaltic - uphansi. A ukwehla ezingeni layo isici kulo lonke ugu, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke izingxenye ayizinkulungwane ngalinye - ezansi.
Endaweni lapho amanzi ukugeleza ihlangana ne besebunzimeni entshonalanga - amanzi usawoti kuya ku-20 ‰ phezu kolwandle ezansi - 30 ‰. Ngasogwini Bothnia futhi eGulf of Finland izinga aphansi. Akukona idlula 3 ‰. Level 6 kuya kwezingu-8 ‰ libhekene Waters ingxenye emaphakathi.

Futhi, ukusatshalaliswa usawoti bamanzi Baltic Sea namathonya kwesizini. Ngakho, entwasahlobo nasehlobo isizini, ke kuyehla 0,5-0,2 ppm. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imifula incibilikiswa amanzi ahlanzekile olwandle. Esikhathini ekwindla nasebusika, kunalokho, inyuka ngenxa olungenayo abandayo wt enyakatho.

Ukushintsha usawoti kolwandle - esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile elawula izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo, ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali ogwini. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa amanzi insipidness ogwini has a isakhiwo okuxekethile.