Ukusetshenziswa ethylene. ethylene izakhiwo

Ethylene kuyinto elula organic compounds eyaziwa ngokuthi alkenes. Lokhu kungekho nto enemibala emihle igesi ezivuthayo, ukuba ukunambitheka elimnandi kanye nephunga. imithombo yemvelo zihlanganisa igesi yemvelo namafutha, liphinde hormone yemvelo ezitshalweni, lapho sivimbela ukukhula futhi ikhuthaza yokuvuthwa izithelo. Ukusetshenziswa ethylene kuvamile kwamakhemikhali zezimboni organic. It is oluqanjwe amalahle igesi yemvelo, iphuzu ukuncibilika 169,4 ° C, abilayo iphuzu - 103 9 ° C.

Ethylene: izici kwesakhiwo izakhiwo

Hydrocarbon-molecule eliqukethe i-hydrogen ne-carbon. Ziyashiyashiyana kakhulu ngokuya kwenani izibopho olulodwa futhi double futhi ukuma kwesakhiwo yengxenye ngayinye. Omunye elula, kodwa eziphila nangokwezimali kunenzuzo hydrocarbon kuyinto ethylene. Iza ifomu gaseous, ke Ayinambala futhi oluvuthayo kakhulu. Siqukethe ezimbili double eziboshiwe carbon ama-athomu ne-athomu omoya-hydrogen. Ifomula kumakhemikhali C ₂ H _4. Ifomu kwesakhiwo engqamuzaneni lwento ngenxa yokubakhona kwebhondi double maphakathi.
Ethylene lumnandi musky iphunga, okwenza kube lula ukuhlonza into emoyeni. Lokhu kusebenza igesi ngefomu okumsulwa: nephunga inganyamalala lapho exutshwe nezinye amakhemikhali.

izicelo Isikimu ethylene

Ethylene isetshenziswa izigaba ezimbili eziyisisekelo: i-monomer kuyiphi carbon amaketanga enkulu zakhiwa, futhi njengoba impahla eluhlaza for nezinye ezimbili carbon compounds. Polymerization - ukuphinda lokhu ngokuhlanganisa sebuningini ethylene molecule encane ku emikhulu. Le nqubo kwenzeka at izingcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu okushisa. Izicelo ethylene eziningi. Polyethylene - polymer, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni emaphaketheni amafilimu, wire ezinengilazi, futhi amabhodlela epulasitiki. Enye ukusetshenziswa ethylene njengoba monomer siphathelene kumiswa komugqa α-olefins. Ethylene kuyinto indaba kokuqala ukulungiswa eziningi ezimbili carbon yingxube njenge-ethanol (utshwala zezimboni), ethylene oxide (emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni, i-polyester Imicu yotshani namafilimu) ka acetaldehyde futhi vinyl chloride. Ngaphezu lezi zakhi, ethylene futhi ifomu benzene ethylbenzene, esetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza epulasitikini futhi zokwenziwa kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Ingqikithi okukhulunywa ingenye hydrocarbon elula. Nokho, ethylene izakhiwo ukwenza kube umnotho kanye eziphila abalulekile.

ukusetshenziswa ngokuhweba

ethylene izakhiwo isisekelo esihle eliningi commercial enkulu organic (carbon ne-hydrogen equkethe) impahla. ethylene molecule Single kungenzeka akuhlanganisileyo ukukhiqiza polyethylene (okusho eziningi molecule ethylene). Polyethylene isetshenziswa ukwenza Plastics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa womshini insipho zokwenziwa zokugcoba, okuyizinto amakhemikhali asetshenziswe ukunciphisa ukuhilizisana. Ukusetshenziswa ethylene ngoba styrenes ebalulekile ekumisweni ngerabha futhi emaphaketheni zokuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa embonini izicathulo, ikakhulukazi kwezemidlalo izicathulo, kanye ekukhiqizeni imoto amathayi. Ukusetshenziswa ethylene kubalulekile ukudayiswa, kanye negesi ngokwayo ingenye hydrocarbon ekhiqizwa njalo kunazo jikelele.

Impilo Izingozi

Ethylene iyingozi empilweni kwasekuqaleni ngoba kakhulu oluvuthayo kanye alufakwa. Ingase futhi abe izidakamizwa at lokuhlala aphansi, okubangela isicanucanu, isiyezi, ubuhlungu bekhanda futhi ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana ukunyakaza. Ngezinye lokuhlala ephakeme, izenzo ukuze kubulawe izinzwa, okubangela lutho, insensitivity ebuhlungwini nezinye ezishukumisa. Woke amahlangothi lawa emibi kungaba iyimbangela yokukhathazeka ikakhulukazi abantu abasebenza ngqo igesi. Inani ethylene, ngawo abantu abaningi ababhekene nazo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile sincane.

Basabela kanjani ethylene

1) namachibi. Lokhu kwalokho umoya-mpilo, isib, in the namachibi of ethylene ukuze ethylene oxide. Isetshenziselwa ekukhiqizeni ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), esetshenziselwa njengenhlangano emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni futhi womshini polyesters ngokusebenzisa ukufingqa polymerization.

2) Halogenation - ukuphendula ethylene sasekhaya, chlorine, uxhumano lokudlulisa, iodine.

3) chlorination of ethylene ukwakha 1,2-dichloroethane nokuguqulela alandelayo 1,2-dichloroethane ku monomer vinyl chloride. 1,2-dichloroethane kuyinto kuphela ewusizo organic, futhi eyandulela zisabalulekile synthesis vinyl chloride.
4) Alkylation ka - unezela hydrocarbon esibophweni double, isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezici ethylbenzene kusukela ethylene futhi benzene, kulandele ukuguqulwa styrene. Ethylbenzene yikhasi eliphakathi nendawo ukwenziwa styrene, omunye kabanzi kunazo vinyl monomers. Styrene - monomer esetshenziswa ukwenziwa polystyrene.

5) omlilo of ethylene. Le gesi etholwe amalahle ETHYL utshwala kanye kanzulu sulfuric acid.

6) Hydration - ukusabela ne ukwengeza amanzi esibophweni double. Isicelo ebaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini okunjena yilona ukuguqulwa ethylene ukuze ethanol.

Ethylene futhi amandla omlilo

Ethylene - gas kungekho umbala, okuyinto kabi oncibilikayo emanzini. Amandla omlilo of ethylene emoyeni ephelezelwa ukwakheka kwe-carbon dioxide futhi amanzi. Ngo okumsulwa ifomu igesi ukusha ukukhanyisa okusheshayo ilangabi. Exutshwe esincane emoyeni, ihlinzeka ilangabi, esakhiwa izingqimba ezintathu ezihlukene - nengaphakathi kwangaphakathi - igesi unburned, ungqimba oluluhlaza kanye Isigaxa yangaphandle, lapho umkhiqizo kancane oxidized ungqimba zangaphambi okuxubile zishiswa elangabini okusheshayo. Ilangabi nomphumela libonisa uchungechunge eziyinkimbinkimbi ukusabela, futhi uma negesi sengezwe ngaphezulu umoya okusheshayo ungqimba kancane kancane iphele.

amaqiniso Iwusizo

1) Ethylene kuyinto hormone yemvelo isitshalo, kuthinta ukukhula, ukuthuthukiswa, nokuvuthwa nokushwabana izitshalo.

2) negesi akuyona elimazayo futhi ungayisakazi ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi kubantu ngesikhathi emakamu ezithile (100-150 mg).

3) It is lisetshenziswe imithi njengoba isidambisa-zinhlungu.

4) ethylene isinyathelo kubambezela at okushisa aphansi.

5) Sici sici Ukungena ezinhle ngokusebenzisa izinto eziningi, isibonelo ngokusebenzisa amakhadibhodi nokupakisha amabhokisi, ukhuni ngisho izindonga kakhonkolo.

6) Nakuba ibalulekile ngekhono layo ukuqalisa inqubo nokuvuthwa, kungase futhi ibe yingozi kakhulu izithelo eziningi, imifino, izimbali nezitshalo, usheshisa inqubo yokuguga kanye nokwehlisa izinga lomkhiqizo kanye eshalofini yokuphila yalo. I degree of umonakalo incike okuhlushwa, ubude ukuchayeka kanye lokushisa.

7) Ethylene alufakwa at lokuhlala eliphezulu.

8) Ethylene isetshenziswa embonini ingilazi ngezinhloso esikhethekile embonini yezimoto.

9) Ukukhiqizwa metal izakhiwo: igesi isetshenziswa njengoba igesi elingenawo umoya-yokubasela cutting metal, Welding, futhi ephezulu Isivinini sishaye ezishisayo.

10) I-oli: ethylene isetshenziswa njengoba refrigerant, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni kuncibilike igesi yemvelo.

11) Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, ethylene kuyinto into esisheshayo ukuxubana, ngaphezu kwalokho, liphinde oluvuthayo kakhulu. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ngokuvamile uthuthwa iphayiphi ekhethekile ehlukile.

12) Enye yemikhiqizo ezivamile ekhiqizwa ngokuqondile ethylene kuyinto plastic.