Kuyini ubuciko: incazelo. Incazelo yegama elithi "ubuciko"

Kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala ubuciko obunjwabuciko, ukubuka kwezwe kanye nesistimu yentengo. Indima ebalulekile kulokhu kuhlale idlalwe isenzo esithile sokudalwa esivumela ukuba ummeli womuntu angene ngaphesheya kokuphila okuvamile, ukwengeza empeleni ukubhekwa okungeziwe embonweni wezwe, ithalenta kanye nengqondo yakhe.

Inkinga yokuqwashisa ngobuciko

Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu eplanethi yomhlaba ujwayele igama elithi "ubuciko", alisebenzise ngentshiseko ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu obuza ukuthi ubuciko buyini ngempela. Umqondo ngokwawo usuvele ugcwele futhi unengxabano. Inombolo enkulu nakakhulu yezimpikiswano namaphuzu okubuka enza umbuzo othi "yini engabizwa ngokuthi ubuciko". Okokuqala, lokhu kukhathazeka, okwamanje, okwamanje, ngoba akekho ongabaza ukuthi ukudweba kukaPeter Bruegel noma uVincent Van Gogh kungabizwa ngobuciko.

Okokuqala, sizoqonda ukuthi incazelo yegama lobuciko ifihliwe ngaphakathi.

Okuyinhloko yegama ngokwayo

Kunamaphuzu amaningi okubuka kulokhu, kodwa namhlanje, isintu siye sabona ukuqonda okuyisisekelo okujwayelekile kwalesi sigaba. Ngokuvamile, ubuciko bubonisa isethi yamasiko, yokomoya, nolwazi lokuhlelwa komuntu womuntu ongobuciko bezinto zobuciko. Kulesi simo, asikhulumi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo oluthile lobuciko, kodwa mayelana nokudala ngokujwayelekile.

Ngomqondo ovamile, ubuciko ngumzamo womuntu ukuqonda umhlaba ngokusebenzisa isenzo sokudalwa. Yiqiniso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imizamo enjalo iba yanda kakhulu, iqoqa futhi ingqondo ehlakaniphile yokubuza ithola ithuba lokulandelela iphethini elithile ezintweni ezisekhona zobuhle. Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuciko balesi sikhathi noma leyo nkathi bubonakala, kubonisa ukuqonda komuntu esikhathini esithile.

Eqinisweni, embuzweni wokuthi yikuphi ubuciko, incazelo inganikezwa ngokungapheli, ngoba kulokhu indima enkulu idlalwe yisici somuntu, ukuqonda kwayo umbuzo ngamunye ngamunye. Kwezinye izimo, leli gama liqondwa njengezinto ezingokoqobo ezingahambisani ngokuphelele nezinto ze-aesthetics. Abahlinzayo, abahleli, abathumeli bezandla, othisha kanye nohlu olungapheli lwabantu bezinye izinto ezikhethekile bayakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ube ubuciko, nakuba ku-aesthetics lobu buhlobo abukho lutho.

Izinhlobo zobuGugu

Kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana nokubonakaliswa kobuciko empilweni yesintu kuze kube phakade, kodwa amasiko aminyaka eminyaka enza kube lula ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo . Ubuciko bokukhuluma bubonakala kubantu ngesimo sencwadi yokubhala. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane kukhonjiswe kuyo ngemifanekiso, izimpendulo, izincazelo ezifihliwe futhi ezicacile, lapho umfundi ezindla ngokuphindaphindiwe, ekhetha lokhu noma leyo ncwadi.

Ubuciko bomphakathi kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala buhamba nomuntu empilweni yakhe, ukuqonda iqiniso. Ekuqaleni okwethulwa njengemikhuba nezenzo zokuvumelanisa, bese kuthiwa idluliselwe ngendlela ehlelekile, isathuthuka, ithuthukisa futhi ikhulise imingcele yayo. Izingoma zomsindo, ama-frescoes, ama-embroideries amahle, ama-chastushki kanye nawo wonke amahlaya adumile ngeVovochka yiwo wonke ukubonakaliswa kobuciko babantu ngokwabo, okubonisa ukuqonda kwakhe nokubuka kwezwe.

Ngemibala bese uveza ubuciko besintu kudlulisa ubuciko obuhle. Lolu hlobo lobuciko lukhethekile kuzo zonke izinzwa. I-stroke ngayinye, yonke ijika lefomu elilodwa noma elinye lihlose ukudlulisela isithombe. Into ephelele, ephelele, ehambisana nemininingwane encane kakhulu.

Yiqiniso, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngomculo - ubuciko obuhle kakhulu bokubukwa obuvela kuzo zonke ezikhona. Kusukela esikhathini esedlule wayehamba nendoda, ekhonza okokuqala ukuze isetshenziswe ibe uhlobo lwe-trance, bese eshukuthela endaweni yokuzijabulisa.

Ukubukwa kokuhlelwa kobuciko

Ngaphandle kombuzo ongunaphakade othi "yikuphi ubuciko", incazelo yomqondo ngokwawo inikeza izici eziningana zokucabangela le nxenye yokukhona kwesintu. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuhlukaniswa kwalo kube yizilwane, umzamo kwezinye izigaba.

Ukuzindla ngokoqobo

Imvelaphi yale nkinga iya ku-Aristotle ngokwakhe, owabheka ubuciko ukulingisa imvelo. Kuvela embonweni wakhe ukuthi inkolelo ye mimesis njengento eyinhloko yenzeke.

Esikhundleni sakhe, u-Aristotle wayethembele ngqo endleleni yokulingisa. Izincwadi njengoba ubuciko begama zazinqunywe ngqo ngumlobi we "Poetics".

Isimo sangempela

Ukufunda futhi kwakhiwe isigaba sakhe ngesisekelo esihlukile. Isazi sefilosofi senza ubuciko buhlukaniswe nobuciko besikhashana nendawo. Eyokuqala kwakuyizincwadi nomculo, futhi okwesibili - ukudweba, ukudweba. Yiqiniso, kulokhu kunzima ukudweba umugqa ohlukanisayo obala, ngoba uhlelo lokuqukethwe kanye nesimiso sokuveza umsebenzi onikeziwe singase sihluke kakhulu.

Ukuxhumana nokuqonda

Isikhathi somuntu we-Romanticism sibophezelekile ngokuhlukaniswa sibe ubuciko obuhle nokucacisa. Incazelo yegama elithi "ubuciko" yayizwakala ngokukhethekile ngaleso sikhathi. Kuzobuciko obuhle kungabandakanya kokubili izincwadi nokudweba, ungakhulumi ngemifanekiso nemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Noma kunjalo, noma yiluphi uhlobo: ubuciko bomculo, ukudweba noma ukwakheka - isithombe sokuqala sithinta umuntu, ngakho-ke siyakuchaza. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kusebenza, empeleni, kumculo.

Ubuzwe, isiko, i-aesthetics

Kuyini ubuciko, incazelo engakacaciswanga ngokugcwele, uma kungabonakali kwezwe lomkhakha othile wabantu ngesikhathi esithile? Uma ucabanga ngakho, kungukuqonda okujwayelekile okukhomba izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudalwa. Ubuciko bezinhlanga buveza amandla omlobi, lukhula lube yinto engaphezulu. Lezi zici zakhiwa kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene: isimo sezombusazwe, isimo somlando ezweni lendawo ethile, isithombe senkolo sezwe labantu balo, ukusebenzisana namanye amasiko.

Ubuciko obuhle, njenganoma yikuphi okunye, kunqunywe izici eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okokuqala, lokhu kuqonda ngomqondo wobuhle bobuzwe obuthile. Kuyacaca ukuthi izindinganiso zobuhle zase-Asia azihambisani ngokuphelele nemibono yamaSlav noma amaMelika aseMelika. Ingxenye yesibili ingqikithi yomhlaba wonke. Ezimweni eziningi, ubuciko buyagxila emaphethweni athile emvelweni wezwe, ukuboleka kuzo izakhi ezithile kanye nemigomo eyisisekelo, okwenza kube lula ukucacisa umbono wesintu kwesinye isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwawo.

Ubuciko nomthwalo wemfanelo

Noma yikuphi into yokuhlelwa yinto yokuqala kuqala futhi isenzo sokudala. Ngezikhathi ezehlukene isimo sengqondo sale nqubo sasihluke ngokuphelele. Esikhathini sakwa-Antiquity naseNkathini Ephakathi, imbongi, isibonelo, yayibhekwa njengomhlobo womlamuleli, ohlangene phakathi kwezulu neqiniso, uhlobo lomesiya. Kamuva, ngokufika kwenkathi yombhali womuntu ngamunye, imbongi, umculi noma umculi waqala ukuthathwa njengabadali. Amazwe wonke avela epeni lamakhosi, izinto zangempela zenziwa ngokusiza amapende, imizwa emisha yazalwa ngomsindo womculo.

Iyini ubuciko (incazelo yayo), uma kungenjalo umthwalo kulokhu? Uma ungazi ukuthi ungumdali? Ngokwazi ukuthi igama elithi "ubuciko" lisho ukuthi yi-etymologically futhi ngokuziphatha ngendlela efana nezwi elithi "isilingo". Imibhalo ye-Apocrypha ivame ukubhekisela emcimbini wokuncintisana phakathi kukaNkulunkulu noDeveli ekudalweni, lapho uNkulunkulu edala owesifazane, nomphikisi wakhe - inyoka. Ngisho noma kunjalo, indalo ibonisa ukuzibophezela ngokwayo, ngoba ayikho amandla aphelele kunezobuciko zomculo, futhi i-rostrum inamandla kakhulu kunezincwadi. Ubuntu ngokwayo buhloswe yendalo, lukhona kuwo, lukhula futhi lufezeka.