Iyini i-CMYK? I-autotypy enemibala emine (i-Magenta, i-Magenta, i-Yellow, i-Color Key). I-CMYK ne-RGB

Abaningi baye bazwa isichazamazwi CMYK, esetshenziselwa imboni yokunyathelisa, kodwa abazi ukuthi imele kanjani. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi imibala emine ichaza lezi zincwadi nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezizitholayo, lesi sihloko sizosiza.

Emhlabeni wezingqondo zokukhanya

Ngaphambi kokuba uhlole ukuthi yi-CMYK, udinga ukuqonda uhlobo lommangaliso onjengokukhanya kwemvelo. Abantu bambalwa bacabanga ukuthi imibala ikhona kuphela ohlelweni, izingxenye ezidingekayo zazo ababukeli, ukukhanyisa kanye nesihloko. Kulezi zimangaliso zokukhanya azipheli. Isibonelo, nakuba ukukhanya okumsulwa okuhlanzekile kubonakala kungenakubalabala, kuqukethe yonke imibala yembonakude ebonakala iso lombuso. I-multiticomponent yayo enika umbala ezintweni. Lapho ukukhanya okumhlophe kufinyelela into, ubuso bayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi buphi, bufaka imibala ethile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye ziboniswa futhi zakha umbono womfanekiso kumbukeli, ozophela noma okhanyayo.

Ukukhiqizwa kombhalo nezithombe emithonjeni yemvelo kusukela ekubukeni kombono womuntu

Iphepha, elivame ukunyatheliswa, lingumhlophe futhi likwazi ukukhombisa umbala ogcwele wemibala yelanga ewela kuyo. Kungcono ikhwalithi yayo, iphakethe izindawo ezibonakalayo zomhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idayi yinto efaka umbala othile. Uma egcina imisebe yazo yonke ubude, ngaphandle kwaleyo ehambisana nenxenye ebomvu ye-spectrum, lapho ilanga ilanga umuntu ubona idayi elinjalo kuphela. Uma sibheka i-pigment efanayo emisebeni evela esibani esibomvu, kuzobonakala ngathi mnyama.

Uma idayi ehlukile isetshenziswa emaphepheni amhlophe, inani lembala elibonisiwe linciphile. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa i-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephepheni, sakha isimo lapho singasitholi kuphela.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zembala, uma uxuba, ungathola upende onamandla okubamba yonke imisebe eboniswa iphepha, okungukuthi, okwenza kube mnyama. Ikakhulukazi, kwanele ukusebenzisa inani elifanayo lamagenta, ama-cyan no-yellow.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mdwebo wombala awudingi upende olumhlophe, ngoba umbala wephepha ngokwayo. Kulezo zindawo lapho kudingwa khona, akuyona i-pigments eyenzayo, ishiya indawo ihlanzekile.

Imodeli yokuxosha

Iphepha kanye nezinye izinto ezinyathelisiwe kukhona izindawo ezingabonisa ukukhanya kwemvelo noma okufakelwayo. Ngokusobala, kulula kakhulu ukubala ukuthi inomboro yayo efomini yemisebe yashintsha kanjani isiqondiso sayo kuya ekuphambene, kunokuba ingene kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, uma ususa imibala emithathu eyisisekelo kusuka emhlophe, okungukuthi, izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-RGB, uzothola imibala emithathu ye-CMY.

Kungani "K" hhayi "B"

Ngokuvamile, labo abangazi ukuthi yi-CMYK, lesi sifingqo siyamangalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, lo modeli wombala usebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo ezingu-4 ezahlukene. Abathathu babo babizwa ngegama labo lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala omnyama usetshenzisiwe. Enye inguqulo ethi K isifingqo segama lesiNgisi elimnyama. Yasetshenziselwa esikhundleni se- "B" ukuchaza ifilimu yombala omnyama embonini yokunyathelisa, ukuze ingavumelani nenye incwadi evela kumodeli we-RGB (i-English blue). Iqiniso liwukuthi abaqondisi bombala abaqeqeshiwe baphatha ngeziteshi ezingu-10 RGB_CMYK_Lab bese basebenzisa zonke izikhala zombala ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa isifingqo se-autotypy embala omine, inkulumo ethi "isenzo nge-channel B" ingadinga ukucaciswa ukuthi yiyiphi imodeli embuzo engaba yinto engathandeki.

Kukhona omunye umbono. Ngokwale nguqulo, "K" yisifinyezo esivela egameni elithi "ukhiye", okusho, ipuleti eyisihluthulelo. Bakhetha ifomu lokunyathelisa lenkinobho emnyama esetshenziswa ngaphezulu kwezingulube ezintathu zangaphambili ezisebenzisekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye ochwepheshe bathambekele eqinisweni lokuthi "K" inegama lesiJalimane futhi lisho igama elithi kontur. Ngenxa yenguqulo yakamuva ithi ifilimu emnyama ngokunyathelisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-contour.

Indlela yokubiza ngesiRashiya

Nakuba imodeli yombala ye-CMYK isetshenziswe isikhathi eside, abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuthi lesi sitfombe sisho kahle kanjani. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukukusho ngokuzwakalayo, njengokuthi "SM-M-Wye-Kay." Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezincomo zokubiza u-4-color avatipy "si-mak", futhi usebenzise igama elithi "umbala ogcwele" noma "ukudweba kathathu."

I-RGB, i-CMYK: ngabe umehluko

Uma uhlelo lwe-CMYK lisetshenziselwa ibhizinisi lokuphrinta, imodeli ebomvu-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isetshenziswe uma iboniswa kuma-TV, izibukeli nezinye izibonisi. Uyazi kanjani? Ziqukethe amaphikseli amachashazi amancane, ngalinye lawo linamaphuzu avelele amathathu futhi, kuye ngokukhanya komunye, kuvumela umthunzi ofanele wombala owanikwa.

Uma ushicilela isithombe kusuka kukhompyutha, iphrinta noma umshini wokukhipha lokhu kusebenzisa lokhu usebenzisa imibala ye-CMYK (i-cyan, i-magenta, i-yellow, umbala oyinhloko). Kule ndaba, ukubuka isithombe kuhlelo lwe-RGB kungahluka kakhulu kulokho okuthola ephepheni noma kwenye i-medium medium.

Isizathu siyindlela yokudlulisa isithombe kusuka kumklamo owodwa wombala kuya komunye, ongenakukwazi ukunikeza u-100% hit. Phela, ama-shades amaningi we-RGB akakho nje futhi akakwazi ukusetjenziswa nge-palette ye-CMYK (yimiphi imibala eyinhloko kulesi simiso, usuvele uyayazi). Bashintshwa yi-shades eseduzane, kodwa umehluko namanje uyabonakala ngisho nangaso iso.

Kungani kunemibala engu-4 kumodeli we-CMYK, futhi imibala engu-3 kuphela isetshenziswe ku-RGB

Njengoba wazi, upende omnyama lungatholakala ngokuxuba obomvu, ophuzi nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenziwe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu eziningana kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-pigment eyengeziwe. Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-autotyping emine imibala ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwepende emnyama, embalwa. Phakathi kwabo:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingulube eziphuzi, zamagenta neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekusebenzeni kudala upende obunobuncu ;
• Imibala ye-Triadic ayinikezi ukugcwalisa nokuqina komthunzi wezindawo ezimpunga zesithombe;
• Uma uthola imininingwane encane kakhulu emnyama yombhalo noma umdwebo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-pigment enjalo, ingozi yokungalingani ngokwanele kwamaphuzu okusetshenziswa kwe-cyan, magenta ne-toni aphuzi;
• I-pigment emnyama (ngokuvamile i-soot evamile) ishibhile kunamanye amapende;
• Ukuhlanganisa i-100% ye-pigment ephuzi, i-magenta noma i-blue ngesikhathi esisodwa uma kwenzeka ukunyatheliswa kwe-inkjet kunamanzi okwesikhashana, kuwuguqula futhi ukwandise isikhathi esidingekayo sokomisa.

Izinkinga zohlobo lokugcina ziphakama ngenqubo yokunyathelisa. Futhi, kuye ngokuthi idivayisi? Kunomkhawulo othize ngenani lamapende. Kwamanye amaphrinta, angaba mkhulu kakhulu futhi afinyelele ku-260-280%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbala omnyama "wangempela" kulawo madivayisi wokunyathelisa awutholakali ngokuxuba izingulube nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, upende owodwa obumnyama usetshenzisiwe.

Iyini ukunyatheliswa kwe-CMYK?

Uma ushicilela kumshini wokucutshungulwa noma we-silkscreen, umshini wokushicilela umbala we-laser, njll, kungenzeka endaweni ngayinye ukuba usebenzise ungqimba lwepende lobukhulu obuthile, noma ushiye i-substrate ehlanzekile futhi ingasetshenziswanga. Ngakho-ke, ngokudluliselwa kwama-halftones, isithombe senziwe ngcono. Ngamanye amazwi, limelelwa njengeqoqo lamaphuzu emibala emine. Ubukhulu bokubekwa kwabo bubeka iphesenti yokusetshenziswa kwe-inks ngayinye. Ngesikhathi esivela ekuthwaleni ngokomzimba (iphepha, ifilimu, njll), amaphuzu asondelene komunye nomunye, futhi iso lomuntu libona umthunzi oyifunayo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa:

• Ukulinganisa, lapho inani lamaphoyinti liqhubeka, kodwa usayizi wabo uhlukile;
• Stochastic uma kungekho sakhiwo esivamile samaphuzu;
• Ukuvama, okuyinto egcina ukulondolozwa usayizi ngenani elihlukile lamaphuzu.

Yeka ukuthi ungadumala kanjani lapho ushicilela izithombe kuphrinta

Namuhla amaphrinta asezindlini eziningi. Zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela umsebenzi wesikole, izincwadi zokubhala, izifundo, njll. Ngokuvamile iphrinta iphinda izame ukuphrinta izithombe. Nokho, njengomthetho, imizamo enjalo iphela ngokudumazeka, njengoba isithombe esikhanyayo esikrinini siphenduka ikhophi ephelile ephepheni. Konke ngokuhumusha isithombe kusuka kumodeli we-RGB kuya kumodeli we-CMYK.

Ukuze ubone ukuthi isithombe sizobukeka kanjani ephepheni, ungasebenzisa i-Adobe Photoshop. Kulokhu, ungahlela isithombe ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Manje uyazi ukuthi yini i-CMYK, ukuthi lesi sibhalo sisho kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingenayo. Cishe, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuzothathwa indawo yesikimu sombala ophelele, okuzokwenza ngcono izinga lokunyathelisa izithombe.