Izinhlobo ezinkulu amagesi

Nature uyazi uthi emithathu eyinhloko iyiphi ndaba: okuqinile, uketshezi futhi gaseous. Cishe noma yiluphi uketshezi ungathola ngamunye ezimbili ezisele. ukudla okuqinile Abaningi ngu ukuncibilika, ukuhwamuka noma amandla omlilo moya ubuyise okuqukethwe. Kodwa akuzona zonke igesi kungaba ingxenye izinto eziqinile noma uketshezi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene amagesi, okuyinto zingafani izakhiwo zabo, imvelaphi kanye nezici isicelo.

Incazelo kanye izakhiwo

Negesi - into libhekene ukungabi noma inani eliphansi izibopho aphakathi, kanye ukuhamba asebenzayo we izinhlayiya. izakhiwo Basic, ezithinta zonke izinhlobo amagesi:

1. Fluidity, deformability, simo esishubile, isifiso wandise ivolumu ye yokusabela-atom amancanyana kanye nama-molecule ukulahla noma yenyuka lokushisa esizibonakalisa izinguquko ukushuba ukunyakaza kwabo.
2. Lapho, ezingeni lokushisa ukwanda ingcindezi akuveli ngaphansi kwazo e inguquko esimweni liquid.
3. onomfutho Kalula, kwehliswa ivolumu. Lokhu lula ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa.
4. Iningi kuncibilike ngu kokucindezelwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile yokucindezelwa nokushisa amagugu ezibucayi.

Ngu ucwaningo inaccessibility echazwe usebenzisa lezi nemingcele eziyisisekelo: lokushisa, ingcindezi, ivolumu kanye mass izinyo lomhlathi.

Ukwahlukanisa idiphozi

Ngo imvelo zonke izinhlobo amagesi emoyeni, phansi namanzi.

1. Compound air:-mpilo, i-nitrogen, isikhutha argon, nitrogen monoxide nge ukungcola neon, Krypton, i-hydrogen, i-methane.
2. Esikhathini nitrogen uqweqwe, i-hydrogen, i-methane nezinye hydrocarbon, isikhutha, i-sulphur oxide futhi nabanye babhekene nesimo gaseous noma uketshezi. Futhi, zikhona igesi kule ingxenyenamba eziqinile admixture enezingxenye amanzi izingcindezi mayelana 250 atm. at okushisa iphansana (20 ° C).
3. I amachibi aqukethe amagesi encibilikayo - hydrogen chloride, i-ammonia ne kabi encibilikayo --mpilo, i-nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide et al.

Izinto ezingokwemvelo lingaphezulu kakhulu isibalo okungenzeka eyayenziwe wadala.

Kusigaba flammability

Zonke izinhlobo amagesi, kuye ngokuthi izici zokuziphatha ukuthungela futhi amandla omlilo izinqubo zihlukaniswe oxidizing, inert, futhi oluvuthayo.

1. Oxidants kanye neqhaza cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi umlilo, kodwa ungayishisi: emoyeni, umoya-mpilo, fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen monoxide futhi dioxide.
2. Nokho, inert awahlanganyeli amandla omlilo, bavame ukuba azixoshe umoya-mpilo kanye nethonya ku umfutho ukunciphisa inqubo:-helium, neon, Xenon, i-nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide.
3. ukukhanya ezivuthayo noma qhumisa kuhlangene nomoya-mpilo: i-methane, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen, acetylene,-propane, i-butane, i-carbon monoxide, ethane ethylene. Iningi lazo zinezikhathi evutha kuphela ezimweni ezithile negesi. Ngenxa yalesi impahla, igesi - uphethiloli lwendzawo, ezivame kakhulu namuhla. Lokhu isetshenziswa njengoba i-methane,-propane, i-butane.

Carbon dioxide futhi indima yayo

Kuyinto omunye igesi ezivamile emkhathini (0.04%). Ngaphansi lokushisa evamile futhi umfutho womoya lunesibalo ka 1.98 kg / m ^3. Kungaba esimweni okuqinile noma uketshezi. isigaba Solid kwenzeka ngamazinga aphansi ngenxa yokushisa nokungcola njalo umfutho womoya, ubizwa ngokuthi "iqhwa". Isigaba ketshezi CO ₂ kungenzeka lapho ingcindezi iyakhula. Le mpahla isetshenziswa yokugcina, ezokuthutha kanye inqubo yesicelo. Sublimation (kwathatha isimo gaseous we okuqinile, ngaphandle isigaba liquid Lesisemkhatsini) Kungenzeka ngezinye -77 - -79˚S. Solubility emanzini esikhungweni isilinganiso 1: 1 yaqaphela ngesikhathi t = 14-16˚S.

Izinhlobo carbon dioxide iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umsuka:

1. Imikhiqizo yezitshalo nezilwane imfucuza, ekushayweni mlilo, igesi osenyameni evela phansi, machibi ukuhwamuka ebusweni.
2. Imiphumela yezenzo zesintu, kuhlanganise komoya ngenxa amandla omlilo of zokubasa.

Njengoba into ewusizo isetshenziswa:

1. I isicisha-mlilo-carbon dioxide umlilo.
2. I amasilinda ngoba arc Welding e i osebenzelana ofaneleko CO _2.
3. Esikhathini umkhakha ukudla njengoba uyakulondoloza futhi aerating amanzi.
4. Njengoba refrigerant ngoba indlu yesikhashana.
5. Esikhathini umkhakha zamakhemikhali.
6. Ngo yokusansimbi.

Ukuba ingxenye ezibalulekile impilo yale planethi, umuntu imishini futhi izitshalo wonke ukusebenza, lo dioxide carbon aqoqana izingqimba engezansi bese engenhla ebangelwa umkhathi, uyephuza ukukhululwa kwe ukushisa nokwakha "Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini".

igesi Liquefied neqhaza layo

Phakathi izinto odabuka yemvelo kanye nenqubo uya khona isehlane yokuthi ngezinga eliphezulu combustibility nokubaluleka calorific. Ukuze isitoreji, ezokuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo igesi kuncibilike: i-methane,-propane, i-butane ne-propane-butane ingxube.

I-butane (C ₄ H _10), ne-propane kukhona izingxenye petroleum amagesi. Eyokuqala kuncibilike at -1 - -0,5˚S. Ukuphathwa kanye nesicelo ku kubanda butane okumsulwa akuyona kwenziwe ngenxa okokuqandisa yayo. Liquefaction lokushisa propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ -41 - -42˚S, ingcindezi ezibucayi - 4,27 MPA.

Methane (CH _4), - ingxenye eyinhloko igesi yemvelo. Izinhlobo umthombo igesi - uwoyela, imikhiqizo izinqubo biogenic. Liquefaction kwenzeka nge kokucindezelwa isigaba futhi ukunciphisa ukushisa kuya -160 - -161˚S. Kuleso naleso sigaba ke onomfutho ngu 5-10 izikhathi.

Liquefaction kwenziwa izitshalo ezikhethekile. Ikhishwe-propane, butane, noma inhlanganisela yawo abendlu futhi angasetshenziswa ezimbonini ngokwehlukile. Methane isetshenziswa umkhakha futhi njengoba yokubasela ezokuthutha. Lesi sakamuva kungabuye kukhiqizwa ifomu onomfutho.

igesi onomfutho futhi indima yayo

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthandwa Bathenga onomfutho igesi yemvelo. Lapho-propane kanye butane isetshenziswa kuphela liquefaction, i-methane kungenziwa akhiqizwa kuncibilike futhi onomfutho. igesi asemabhodleleni kwengcindezi eliphezulu 20 MPA kunezinzuzo eziningana phezu liquified owaziwa.

1. Izinga eliphezulu ukuhwamuka, kuhlanganise ongaphakeme izinga lokushisa komoya, akukho ekuqongeleleni imihlola ezimbi.
2. Izinga engezansi ubuthi.
3. Gcwalisa amandla omlilo, ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu, akukho nomphumela ongemuhle imishini nasemkhathini.

It uya esetshenziswa hhayi kuphela amaloli kodwa nezalo izimoto ezithwala kanye imishini kubhayela.

Negesi - isithako avulekile kodwa zibalulekile ukuze umuntu aphile. High calorific ukubaluleka ezinye zazo olungisisa ukusetshenziswa ububanzi yezingxenye ezahlukene igesi yemvelo njengoba yokubasela ezimbonini kanye zokuthutha.