Adipic acid. Izakhiwo kanye Izicelo

Adipic acid (kukhona elinye igama izidakamizwa - 1.4-butandikarbonovaya acid, igama ehlelekile - geksandiovaya acid) - is nokukhawulela dicarboxylic acid. It has le ndlela elandelayo chemical: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON kanye ifomula okwedlulele C6O4H10. It has okufanayo chemical izakhiwo njengoba carboxylic acid. amafomu Salt, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi oncibilikayo emanzini (H2O). Esterified ku likaNkulunkulu futhi mono. Nge glycols geksandiovaya amafomu acid polyesters.

Properties of adipic acid

1. mass izinyo lomhlathi kuyinto 146,1 igremu / Mol.

2. Wugqinsi ka 1,36 amagremu / imvukuzane.

3. solubility limited Ethanol, diethyl utshwala acetone.

4. solubility emanzini (H2O) imi kanje: at degrees 15 - 1,44 g ngalinye 100 g amanzi; 40 degrees - 5.12 g; ngesikhathi degrees 70 - 34.1 g

izakhiwo Thermal geksadiovoy acid

1. lokuncibilika kuyinto 153 ° C.

2. lokushisa noqhekeko kuyinto 210 - 240 ° C.

3. I abilayo (at 100mm HG) kuyinto 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation lokushisa 300-320 ° C.

5. enthalpy amandla omlilo kuyinto -2800 kJ / Mol.

6. ukuncibilika enthalpy ka 16.7 kJ / Mol.

7. ukuhwamuka enthalpy kuyinto 18,7 kJ / Mol.

Ingatholakala kanjani adipic acid?

Ngo umkhakha yalolu ketshezi yalungiswa ngokuyisisekelo by the-step ezimbili namachibi of cyclohexane. Okokuqala, ingxube cyclohexanol futhi cyclohexanone, okuyinto ke ahlukaniswe ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Ngemva kwalokho cyclohexanone isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza caprolactam, futhi cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% amandla HNO3 (nitric acid). Nale ndlela, adipic acid isivuno imayelana asithoba anamihlanu amaphesenti.

Eyodwa yezindlela ethembisa ukulungiswa adipic acid hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

Yiziphi ezinye izindlela kwenziwe ukuthola acid carboxylic, ezifana adipic? It ingatholakala nangokuzama oxidizing cyclohexane nge nitric acid (HNO3) ezingeni lokushisa + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) ezingeni lokushisa +50 ° C noma i-ozone (O3).

Adipic acid futhi lilungiselwe ngu carbonylation ka THF (tetrahydrofuran) njengoba adipic acid anhydride, okuyinto ke ukunikeza injongo izidakamizwa contact.

Ukusetshenziswa adipic acid:

- ketshezi kuyinto impahla eluhlaza (esetshenziswa mayelana ayisishiyagalolunye amaphesenti acid ekhiqizwa) e womshini polyhexamethyleneadipamide, futhi polyurethanes futhi esters yayo;

- esetshenziswa njengoba okufakiwe ukudla (E 355 ezibhaliswe ngaphansi inombolo) ukunikeza imikhiqizo ukunambitheka omuncu (kuhlanganise ukukhiqizwa iziphuzo ezibandayo);

- Adipic acid esiyinhloko izindlela senzelwe descaling;

- isetshenziselwa ukukhipha impahla eyayisele ngemva kokugcwalisa emalungeni phakathi amathayili eyenziwe zobumba;

- ukusetshenziswa acid carboxylic ezifana adipic acid, kubalulekile ukulungiswa zokwenziwa ushintsho.

Kunoma yikuphi ukusabela chemical kuthatha adipic acid?

1. Le ngxube phezu ukuphendula ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, hydroxides yabo futhi oxides eziyisisekelo kuyabathelela nosawoti elihambisana.

2. Kungaba azixoshe buthaka acid esuka usawoti yayo.

3. Esikhathini khona i-esidi kulethe adipic acid ihlangana alcohols. Kuleli fomu esters.

4. Lapho Ukushisa ammonium nosawoti of adipic acid amides akhiwa.

5. Ngaphansi isenzo SOCl2 adipic acid is ibe lunikeza acid chloride.

Esters ka Adipic acid  

1. Metiladipinat esetshenziselwa electrochemical zamagama dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener kuyinto polyester resin.

3. Etiladipinat isetshenziswa njengenhlangano okufakiwe e uphethiloli leaded ukwandisa isibalo saso octane.

4. diethyl adipate isetshenziswa njengophawu plasticizer enkulu ekwakhekeni amafilimu ukudla, izicathulo, PVC, zokwenziwa lesikhumba, amathoyizi, linoleum, Uphahla lwangaphakathi okwesikhashana.

5. diisopropyl adipate isetshenziswa njengendlela wengxenye izimonyo isikhumba.