Njengoba osomkhathi bangaya endlini lencane emkhathini? Engaphandle apharathasi zangasese

Isihloko lisitshela ngendlela osomkhathi ukuya ethoyilethi emkhathini futhi ushawa, kanye kungasiphi isisekelo ahlelwe isikhala indle namanzi egijima.

isikhala

iminyaka engu-55 edlule Sekwenzekile ukuthi, njengoba iphupho ososayensi abaningi - indoda wenza ebaleka lokuqala isikhala, babalekela angaphezu iplanethi yethu.

Kamuva, lapho sekumcacela ukuthi orbit eMhlabeni Kungenzeka futhi ezidingekayo ukuze sandise iziteshi ucwaningo, zonke izizwe isikhala-ababengaphathekile usuqalile design yabo kanye nentuthuko. Nokho, ngenxa yezindleko okusezingeni eliphezulu nezinhlelo ezifana ukuqedela kubo ukuze uthole kuphela e-US nase-USSR. Kamuva sidalwe futhi ISS - International Space Station. ngokushesha liyoba ukugubha engamashumi amabili zokuphila inkonzo.

Kodwa-ISS - akuyona eyokuqala into cosmic, eyenzelwe eside abantu bahlale kuwo, ngakho-ke has into edingekayo ukuphila ntofontofo zezinkanyezi kanye nokugcina imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile, kuhlanganise iyunithi sanitary. Futhi umbuzo olubucayi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi wezwa abantu abangenalwazi: indlela osomkhathi bangaya endlini lencane emkhathini? Yilokhu sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko.

inhlanzeko

Lesi sihloko alivamile ukuzwakala phezulu nangokubheka imibiko osomkhathi, amafilimu yesayensi nezincwadi, ngisho kumnandi. Esikhathini imisebenzi yobuciko in jikelele bavame ukulishaya indiva imininingwane esingesihle. Izikhathi eziningi ungayithola amabhuku sendlela bamazwe abanesibindi ngendawo yonke kusukela esizayo amasudi lempi noma sesayensi inqwaba amahora. Naphezu uju isihloko, isikhala yangasese - idivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchwepheshe, isimiso kanye nesakhiwo esakheka izingqondo best zobunjiniyela. Futhi - hhayi ngaphandle isizathu.

Into wukuthi iziteshi esemkhathini nemikhumbi-mkhathi kodwa abakwazi ukwakha amandla adonsela phansi yokufakelwa, futhi inkinga isikhala yangasese sibi ezinsukwini zakuqala we ukuhlola umkhathi. Ngempela, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi amabutho ezikhangayo indle ketshezi nje asakaze linezingxenye futhi kungabangela short circuit noma isikolo air kwegazi ohlelweni.

Njengoba osomkhathi bangaya endlini lencane emkhathini? Eqinisweni, yonke into ilula. Izindlu zangasese ahlelwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso we vacuum cleaner - imfucuza ukusivumela ngumuntu umfutho womoya omubi futhi eminye fed ohlelweni recirculation. Kodwa ukubheka kudivayisi yabo kabanzi.

ISS zangasese Iinsetjenziswa

Indlu yangasese ku sasemkhathini - it is a idivayisi kubaluleke kakhulu, kanye emoyeni noma thermoregulatory izinhlelo. Uma engakwenzi, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo esiteshini kuzokhutshazwa. Nokho, lezo zimo ungazange okwenzeka, futhi izazi zezinkanyezi abe esikhululekile yangasese kudivayisi ezihlangene. Kodwa ingozi ekhona yokuthi isikhala ayikwazi ukuvula iwindi, ukuxosha yonke imfucumfucu futhi pholisa igumbi kusukela iphunga ezingemnandi. Ngakho masicabangele umbuzo kanjani osomkhathi ukuya ethoyilethi emkhathini kabanzi.

ISS has zangasese ezintathu, futhi bobabili - womshini Russian. Izindlu zangasese efanelekayo amalungu abo nezisebenzi zabo bobubili ubulili. Njengoba sekushiwo, basebenzela isimiso vacuum cleaner, abancela ekuhlanzeni wonke udoti futhi singavumeli ukuba ahlakaze ngokusebenzisa linezingxenye esiteshini. Khona-ke imfucumfucu faka umjikelezo ukucutshungulwa uhlelo, lapho ithola ukuphuza amanzi lobuchwepheshe nomoya-mpilo.

Yiqiniso, iyunithi yokuhlanzeka ku-ISS futhi ethoyilethi zihluke kakhulu eMhlabeni. Okokuqala khona Ukubophezeleka ngokuba izinyawo (kuya-astronaut hhayi ngimuke maduzane) kanye abanikazi okukhethekile okhalweni. Kunalokho basebenzisa cleaner amanzi, okuyinto sucks yonke imfucumfucu. Ngemva umjikelezo yokuhlanza, imfucuza ezisele eqoqwe izigubhu akhethekile njengoba behamba ukugcwalisa esinye imikhumbi yezimpahla kabusha. Ngakho manje siyazi ukuthi osomkhathi ukuya ethoyilethi emkhathini. Kodwa kuthiwani uma astronaut ufuna ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese lapho umkhumbi-mkhathi, kodwa hhayi esiteshini?

Izindlu zangasese mkhathi

Running emkhunjini isikhala kanye docking ne-ISS - kuba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi osomkhathi kufanele uhlale ukulungele-to-kwethulwa rocket impela isikhathi eside, futhi wenza futhi ikhuluma inqubo udonsa on for inqwaba amahora. Yiqiniso, akekho umuntu Sane abakwazi sikhuthazele kangaka ngaphandle kokuya ethoyilethi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-osomkhathi ukugqoka isikhala amasudi ngaphansi namanabukeni ekhethekile. ilungiselelo mkhathi kangangokuthi kudle isikhala ukudalwa ehlukile, ngisho ethoyilethi kakhulu elula, ukuthi akulungile.

Uma uhlela ukuba khona isikhathi eside emkhunjini, njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni yokuqala, lapho sasemkhathini engazange abe khona, bese usebenzisa ekhethekile yokugezela zalapho - amapayipi amanzi nezimo nge Imibhobho esemzimbeni ngesimo asemigodini. Ingcindezi negative emoyeni ozosungula wagxila, kukadoti eqoqwe ku udoti amathini kanye khipha luketshezi ngaphandle umkhumbi.

Kanjani ukuze kuhlanzwe osomkhathi?

Ekuqaleni, nabahloli bamazwe isikhala benza ngaphandle izinqubo amanzi. Babesebenzisa usula ezimanzi. Kodwa lapho ezakhiwa bafakwa orbit isikhala esiteshini lokuqala, base eline-eshaweni. Uhlelo air kwegazi njengoba evaliwe, futhi kusukela iphunga nezingahlobene nendaba ukuqeda nzima, ngakho osomkhathi kudingeka unake inhlanzeko. Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa kanye nenduduzo kwengqondo - eqinisweni ube zingcolile akekho umuntu othanda. Njengoba osomkhathi ugeza?

Iziteshi eshaweni Hlukanisa, nokuningi ukuze on shumbi khona. Futhi okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa wabo ngeke usebenze. ekhethekile lula egeza imoto esetshenziselwa wokuwasha, usula ezimanzi futhi amashubhu yamanzi. Ngenxa surface ukungezwani it is impela siqine imizimba yabantu, bese-ke nje ithawula. Yiqiniso, nale eshaweni akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa, kodwa namanje umqondo omuhle futhi ngendlela kokusisiza ukuba sibhekane nesimo zokungcoliswa zemvelo zomzimba womuntu.

"Skylab"

Lesi sikhungo sasemkhathini uye waqhubeka ehlala orbit mayelana iminyaka 6, bese wathunyelwa opharetha emkhathini woMhlaba, lapho wokushiswa ngokuphepha. Nakuba hhayi ngokuphelele, kanti ezinye izakhi zalo okwamanje safinyelela ebusweni. A esiphawulekayo kulesi siteshi ngo semali yesikhala samahhala kanye eshaweni.

Modern Space Station - yindawo lapho esetshenziswa wonke amagumbi ezisele isikhala. Kodwa "Skylab" is zihlukaniswa Ubukhulu bayo yangaphakathi. Kwakumelwe yokuthi osomkhathi ngesikhathi ishaja Easy ngendiza odongeni kwenye futhi ngokuvamile kuqashelwe ukuthi le khulula ivolumu yangaphakathi kakhulu. Kuyinto kulesi siteshi waba eshaweni, yebo, olwesimanje izimo yokuntuleka adonsela phansi.

"Umhlaba"

Shower kwadingeka futhi esiteshini "Mir". Kodwa isikhala esiteshini yesimanje ISS abanayo, ngoba ukuthatha eshaweni emzileni - akusiwona into efanayo, ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwelashwa amanzi emhlabeni. Inqubo kakhulu imisiwe ngenxa ubunkimbinkimbi ezahlukene kanye osomkhathi thukela wajabulela kudivayisi zikhetha ezimanzi ukusulwa amathawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulona enenhlabathi esiteshini, ngoba isikhumba ichithekile kancane kakhulu kunalokho Emhlabeni.

izinkinga Mahhala United States ne-Soviet Union

Igama-astronaut kuqala emlandweni wesintu, mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu uyazi. Kodwa nakhu igama wesibili ukuba wonke umuntu ezaziwayo. Kubo khona American Alan Shepard. Futhi izinkinga lokuqala yangasese izimbangi zethu ezindala emncintiswaneni isikhala waqala 5 Meyi 1961 ngaphambi kwethulwa rocket ne Shepard.

Alan, ngaleso sikhathi sasibhekene suit for angaphezulu kwangu-8, watshela u-opharetha ukuthi empeleni okwakumelwe zithathwe yithi uvakashele yangasese. Kodwa uphazamisa ukuqeqeshwa ukuqala, ukusuthisa umkhumbi inkonzo umbhoshongo, bese ukuhlanganyela ukulungiselela kwakungenakwenzeka. Esimeni esinjalo kuyophumela ukudluliselwa indiza. Ngenxa yalokho, Shepard kwadingeka ukugubha isidingo elincane khona kanye suit. Onjiniyela wesaba ukuthi lokhu kuzoholela short circuit futhi ukwehluleka iningi telemetry izinzwa, kodwa okuhle ukuthi akwenzekanga lutho.

Kodwa indiza Gagarin sika Kwakuhlelwe kangcono. Nakuba okwathatha imizuzu 108 kuphela, umkhumbi wakhe kwaba ifakwe sigqoka idivayisi ekhethekile ngesimo hoses nezimo nge uphondo, okuyinto sucks imfucuza. Nokho, kuyinto engaziwa ukuthi bathatha Gagarin.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, isikhala yangasese - lena kudivayisi kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle okuyinto ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola osomkhathi eside e Umhlaba orbit. Naphezu inkimbinkimbi okwakubonakala kuwukuphikisana, ukuba bazikhiphe esikhulu kakhulu ziye wachitha okuklama kanye nokuqaliswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ethoyilethi owawuyala amaMelika ngoba ingxenye yayo ISS eRussia, alahlekelwe $ 19 million. Kodwa ngesikhathi spacewalks abantu bephoqeleka ukuba usebenzise namanabukeni ekhethekile, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi usebenze ngaphandle imikhumbi ISS noma yokwelula ku amahora amaningi.

Futhi bakhumbule imininingwane aba noketshezi olunganambitheki ukuthi uthanda ukubamangaza izwele kakhulu izintatheli osomkhathi: zonke imfucumfucu faka uhlelo kabusha, lapho benza amanzi kanye nowe-oxygen ukuze zitholwe olwengeziwe. Kodwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi sina kudinga ukuzidela, kanye osomkhathi bazimisele ayezikhandla kangaka ngenxa amaphupho abo.