Into isikhala. Isimo ngokomthetho isikhala izinto

Siyazi ukuthi impucuko womuntu izinhlobo ezahlukene izimpahla nezisetshenziswa. Bonke basuke ngaphambilini, futhi izinguquko kubona ngokwabo noma isimo sabo zomthetho angaphansi nemithetho ethile kuphela. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngokuthile, singakhonzi esisogwini iplanethi enguMhlaba? Imiphi imithetho eshaywe belethwa amandla futhi zehluke emhlabeni? Kungenzeka yini ukuba umuntu ukuthenga umhlaba mkhathi kwenye iplanethi, noma ngisho liyinkanyezi wonke? Yekuchumana nangokuzimisela, uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini into isikhala

Uma ubheka isibhakabhaka ebusuku ngokusebenzisa isibonakude noma nje nqunu iso, ungabona eziningi zasezulwini. Izinkanyezi, mafu, amaplanethi iziphuphutheki zabo, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, asteroyidi, njll - .. Konke Kumiswa futhi uyaqhubeka ukwakha ngokwemvelo. Kukhona izinto eziningi eziye adalwe indoda, futhi umkhankaso ku isikhala nezobuchwepheshe. Lesi sikhala iziteshi, imikhumbi, izitshalo, isikhala shuttles, iziphuphutheki, iphenya, namarokhethi kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

Zonke lezi zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa zasemkhathini kukhona emkhathini ngaphandle ozungeze umhlaba. Ngakho-ke, yilowo nalowo kubo ungafaka isicelo welithi "isikhala into". Futhi zonke izindaba ezihlobene izifundo zabo, kulawulwa umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

ingqalasizinda isikhala

Ngaphansi ingqalasizinda kuleli cala kusho iqoqo lezinto ezihlobene ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngempumelelo ukuhlola umkhathi izinhlelo.

Njengoba singabona kusukela RF uMthetho "On umsebenzi isikhala", izinto kwengqalasizinda isikhala phansi ezisekelwe iqoqo izakhiwo kanye namadivayisi ukuthi enze ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi.

Phakathi kwazo yilezo ezisetshenziswa esigabeni wokulungiselela:

• egciniwe ubuchwepheshe isitoreji isikhala;
• izimoto ezikhethekile, izinto, izingxenye, izimpahla siphelile, nokunye nokunye..;
• ifakwe Cosmonaut Training Centre;
• izindawo zokuhlola ngokuhlola run indiza ubuciko, indiza kweminye imisebenzi.

Ezinye izinto kwengqalasizinda isikhala isibe kwakudingekile ukuba izindiza ngqo yenqubo lenhlangano:

• spaceports;
• iziqhumane, kwethulwa izindawo nokunye kokusiza;
• ngemapholigoni kokwehla zezindiza lesikhala izinto;
• Mission Control Centres;
• izindawo ewa jettisoned izingxenye isikhala izinto.

Eceleni labelwe izinto ezisetshenziswa ukuba iqoqe, igcine futhi sihlaziye ukwaziswa okubalulekile:

• reception amaphuzu, izinqubo zokulondoloza ulwazi mayelana izindiza;
• umyalo futhi yokulinganisa izinhlelo.

umthetho Space

Kunezindlela eziningana amakhodi omhlaba kanye kazwelonke yokwenza elawula ukusetshenziswa emkhathini. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• I Outer Space Treaty (1967).
• Yesivumelwano Rescue ka Astronauts kanye Ukubuya Izinto (noma izingxenye yalo), Yethulwe ku Outer Space (1968).
• Isikhala Ugibe Convention (1972).
• INgqungquthela Ukubhaliswa Izinto Yethulwe emkhathini (1975).

Ubani ophethe imishini futhi izindikimba zasezulwini?

Ngaphezu imithetho ngamazwe yendawo ezungezile, ezifundeni eziningi yokutholwa bebodwa. ukubhaliswa State isikhala izinto ezweni lethu wenziwa ngendlela enqunywe nguhulumeni. Ngenxa yale njongo, kukhona Enobunye State Register, equkethe lonke ulwazi mayelana amalungelo endawo nempahla ukuze zonke izinhlobo imishini futhi izingxenye zalo. Ebhukwini liqukethe ulwazi mayelana nendlela egijima kwi-space, kanti mayelana ungasebenzisi imishini.

Kusukela umbono yomthetho ngumuntu into Isikhala yini okukhona ngaphandle emkhathini iplanethi yethu, futhi zonke wethulwa eMhlabeni emkhathini interstellar. izinto zemvelo (amaplanethi, asteroyidi nokunye. D.) Ngokomthetho basonta sonke isintu, kanye eyenziwe (iziphuphutheki, izindiza) ziwumsebenzi lokhu noma lokhuya lizwe. Umuntu onecala indlela inkinobho noma enye into isikhala ewela isimo, engabanikazi bephephandaba ke.

Ngubani inkosi endaweni yonke?

Beyond kumkhawulo 110 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle sokuqala wokuhambela amagatsha, okwakuhlanganisa ubhekwa emkhathini ezakho yimuphi uhulumeni emhlabeni. It umthetho ukuthi izwe ngalinye linelungelo elilingana iqhaza ocwaningweni walesi sikhala.

Kodwa kukhona izingxabano, lapho elilodwa noma kwenye into isikhala phakathi ukusuka (kokwehla) uphoqelekile ukuba adabule wezasemoyeni ngomunye uRhulumende. Ngenxa yalokhu has imithetho yayo siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia, umthetho "On umsebenzi isikhala", owawuthi a mkhathi angaphandle inemvume indiza eyodwa ngokusebenzisa wezasemoyeni we Russian Federation uma wayexwayisiwe iziphathimandla zomphakathi.

Isikhala izikebhe zilingana nezinhlobo imikhumbi nezindiza lingathengiswa noma ngithenge ngabanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokuba alotshiwe irejista yezwe, iyunithi kungenziwa okungewakho kuhulumeni wakwelinye izwe, inkampani noma umuntu.

Kungenzeka yini ukunikeza igama umzimba wasezulwini?

Yonke lenqwaba izinkanyezi, futhi lincane wabo sinamagama. Ngakho hhayi akumangalisi ukuvela nezinsizakalo ezinjalo isikhathi nemali, unganikeza umzimba ongashiwongo ngegama yasezulwini oluthandiwe igama bese uthola isitifiketi isiqinisekiso.

Kodwa labo abafuna ukusebenzisa ngayo imali yabo kanjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi akukho lutho kuleli nqubo akawona amandla ngokomthetho. Phela, eqinisweni kuba-International Astronomical Union - inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni yesayensi, ogama imisebenzi zibandakanya ukuphephisa imingcele yonke nemilaza aziwa futhi ukubhaliswa isikhala izinto. ikhathalogi eyenziwe inhlangano kuphela kusengathiwa esemthethweni nezamanje.

Yiqiniso, zikhona abanye: isibonelo, ikhathalogu inkanyezi zokubuka ezisemadolobheni, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye inhlangano noma umuntu yangasese. Ukuletha amagama amasha ezinkanyezi noma asteroyidi unga, kodwa mali ke - wuhlobo lokukhwabanisa. Kuphela abantu abasemkhakheni wezesayensi ngamazwe Ungashintsha amagama isikhala izinto.

Ngingaba ukuthenga umhlaba kwenye iplanethi?

Ngokwesibonelo, Moon, Mars, noma ikuphi ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga? Okwamanje, kukhona ngisho amafemu namahhovisi emhlabeni wonke, ukunikela isamba round for the yokuqala ukuthenga impahla enjalo.

Kodwa kuyinto eqanjiwe, ngoba ukuthengiselana okunjalo ayivumelekile kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono. Ngempela, isimo esingokomthetho isikhala izinto wukuthi basonta lonke labantu Zomhlaba, kodwa akukho ezweni elilodwa kuphela. A izivumelwano ukudayiswa nokuthengwa lingahunyushwa baphetha kuphela ngesisekelo umthetho kazwelonke. Ngakho, akukho emthethweni - akukho ithuba ukuthenga ucezu kwenye iplanethi kuka-Earth.

Yiziphi amalungelo nezibopho osomkhathi?

Ku-mkhathi (iziteshi kanye. N.) IzEnzo umthetho isimo lapho inikezwa apharathasi.

Zonke ukuhlola isikhala kukhona emigomeni esingenakuqhathaniswa sokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nosizo mutual.

Cosmonauts (osomkhathi) kusuka ngaphandle Zomhlaba, zinesibopho ukunikeza nomunye ngayo yonke usizo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma mkhathi iphahlazeka noma wenziwe lokubikezela eziphuthumayo ensimini ka kwelinye izwe, ngesikhathi iziphathimandla zendawo aphoqelelwe ukusiza iqembu ngokuhlanganyela kwethulwa iqembu lakhe. Khona-ke, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bayise osomkhathi nge umkhumbi ensimini ka State, kuba kabani ebhukwini. Kuyefana nasendleleni izingxenye ngabanye indiza - kumele ibuyiselwe ohlangothini ukuqaliswa bona. Iphinde eqala izindleko yokusesha.

Inyanga isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe ngezinjongo zocwaningo elinokuthula. lezisekelo Military futhi iyiphi imisebenzi abangophakimpi (izivivinyo, ukuhlolwa) kuthiwa nhlobo ku satellite eMhlabeni.

Kuzokwenzekani uma impilo yezinye izinto zihambe kahle endaweni yonke?

Njengamanje, kwakungenzeka lokhu akuyona ukulahlwa ososayensi. Kodwa akufakwanga umthetho isikhala. Ngokwesibonelo, uma amafomu entsha yokuphila kuyotholakala kwenye amaplanethi wathola (ukuthi kunengqondo yini noma cha), ukwakhiwa ubudlelwano obusemthethweni phakathi kwabo futhi umhlaba akunakwenzeka. Ngakho, angazi ukuthi benzeni ukuze isintu sengathi kwenye emkhathini azobonisa "omakhelwane." Akekho imithetho efanele, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo, wonke amaplanethi izakhamuzi zakhona kungenzeka yomhlaba impahla emphakathini.

Izinkanyezi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, asteroyidi, izindiza interplanetary, iziphuphutheki, iziteshi isikhala , nokunye okuningi - konke lokhu kuhlanganisiwe welithi "isikhala into". Phakathi izinto zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa ezinjalo kusetshenziswa imithetho ekhethekile yokutholwa ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele futhi kwezinye zithi ezingeni Earth.