Surface ukungezwani: ulwazi olujwayelekile futhi ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo

kukhona elihlangana amabutho ehlukene ukuze ebusweni futhi ijulile (yangaphakathi) phakathi izingqimba zishintshe ketshezi. Molecule e-ungqimba ebusweni yalungiswa Luhambo emaceleni kusukela izingqimba eziyisisekelo futhi izingqimba ezijulile amandla Luhambo phakathi amangqamuzana Okusizayo olinganiselayo. La ma-molecule ye-ungqimba ebusweni bakhangwa emoyeni molecule pair of ezincane, amandla abo nomphumela iqondiswa phansi, futhi ungqimba ebusweni molecule njengoba wadonsa izingqimba ezijulile. Surface ukungezwani, esikhundleni salokho, kuncike uhlobo ketshezi futhi ezindaweni umngcele, kuma lokushisa, khona ukungcola uketshezi, nokunye. D.

Ukuze kwandiswe ebusweni ketshezi kufanele wenze umsebenzi othile nendikimba surface ukungezwani. Kusukela amagugu ebusweni ukungezwani incike ubukhulu droplet, le meniscus, inani igesi Bubbles edabula ketshezi, wettability anti-wettability of surface liquid okuqinile kanye nabanye.

Surface ukungezwani amandla kubuye sincike ingcindezi umusi ngenhla ketshezi: ayanda isitimu ezincane ingcindezi zangaphakathi uketshezi. Uma woketshezi izungezwe lomoya, i-molecule ye ubuso bayo ungqimba cishe hhayi ngaphansi amabutho adonsela phansi esigabeni gaseous. Kulezo zimo lapho ingcindezi umusi ngenhla inyuka ketshezi, ubuso bayo ukungezwani buzoba buncane. Ngakho, i-molecule ye-ungqimba ebusweni akuzona olinganiselayo, ngakhoke uhlelo ekusebenzisaneni njalo kuyinto ethile ngokweqile amandla khulula. Nge zonke ezinye izimo okufanayo, ngalesi sibalo mkhulu endaweni enkulu ebusweni. Ngokwe umthetho wesibili wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka, uhlelo ivame ukwehlisa amandla yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokunciphisa isibononisi inqubo ezimele. Yingakho uketshezi engasekelwa basebenziwe yimaphi amandla, yakha ukuma ibhola, ngoba umumo okunjalo ebusweni okungenani ethile.

Ubukhulu umphumela surface ukungezwani kanye nenani hydrocarbon izidakamizwa olukhulu. Ngakho, uma sithatha ngaphezulu acid carboxylic yochungechunge efanayo homologous (HCOOH, CH3COOH, S2N5SOON, S3N7SOON), amaphaphu ebusweni incipha njengoba carboxylic yabo uchungechunge ukunwebeka - izikhathi 3.2 seqembu ngalinye CH2.

Ukuba khona ukungcola izinto ezahlukene uketshezi lomzimba kuthinta ubukhulu bale ukungezwani surface. izinto eziningi, ikakhulukazi eziphilayo, wehlise amaphaphu ebusweni. compounds maKristu abizwa surfactants (amaprotheni, Bile acid, insipho, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, tannins, njll). Izinto kabani khona akusho kakhulu ezithinta ebusweni ukungezwani abizwa ngokuthi ebusweni-angasebenzi (fructose, glucose, isitashi, njll). Ukuncishiswa amaphaphu ebusweni kubaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo ye ukumuncwa okusamanzi izakhi epithelium ka mucosa emathunjini. Ngakho, amafutha kanye nezinye lipids esiteshini ukudla wathola ifomu amaconsi. Lezi amaconsi emulsified nge Bile emathunjini amancane futhi ngemva kwalokho babe etholakalayo cleavage hydrolytic we lipase nezinye enzyme lipolytic. Ukungeza ukuba uketshezi surfactants kwandisa ikhono lazo ukumanzisa ebusweni. Lapho usebenzisa i-zinambuzane zivame wanezela insipho, ebavumela ukuba contact obuhle isinambuzane surface body futhi ahlinzeke umsebenzi insecticidal.

Surface ukungezwani okusamanzi: Izindlela sokunquma

Kukhona izindlela eziningi sokunquma ebusweni ukungezwani: stalagmometrichesky, ephakamisa ukulungiswa uketshezi capillary, kwawena unesifiso esikhulu kakhulu e Bubbles ring ngokuhlukana.

Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu indlela stalagmometrichesky esekelwe ukusetshenziswa idivayisi ekhethekile - stalagmometry. Kuyinto tube capillary kokuba izimpawu engenhla nengezansi nokwelulwa. Ngo stalagmometry ushaye amanzi ukuze uphawu whereupon it kukhishelwa futhi ubala amaconsi. Ngemva kwalokho, into efanayo kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ketshezi. Isenzo surface ukungezwani amabutho okuholela liquid amanzi athathe isimo amathonsi globular.

Surface amaphaphu e-ukuphila eziphilayo

Surface ukungezwani ingenye zezici ezinquma ukuma kwengqamuzana futhi izingxenye zalo. Cage - i kuyizinhlayiyana zokucathula eziphilayo ndaba ukuthi yakha umzimba womuntu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo. Ukuze amaseli abe ngaphezulu eqinile futhi kube lukhuni (izitshalo, nezilwanyana ezincane), ebusweni ukungezwani Inani liphansi. Iningi isilwane kumaseli emzimbeni has simise eduze eyindilinga. Okuphansi ebusweni ukungezwani ivumela amaseli kalula bodwa omunye komunye. Ifomu amaseli enamathiselwe kwamanye amangqamuzana noma substrate, kuncike nezinye izinto - we cytoskeleton kwakhiwa ulwelwesi eziyinkimbinkimbi, contact izakhiwo, njll Imihlobo ehlukeneko amaseli (isib leukocyte neqanda) ukukhishwa kusukela isinyathelo surface ukungezwani abe ukuma eyindilinga futhi ulahlekelwe umsebenzi. . izinguquko Kwendawo ukungezwani surface linendima ebalulekile kulo mbono futhi ukudluliswa kwe-nerve amaza e phagocytosis, pinocytosis, gastrulation amoeboid ukunyakaza, futhi ikakhulukazi permeability of cell ulwelwesi.