Motorboat "Cupid": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, incazelo

Aviation Plant. Gagarin, etholakala e Komsomolsk-on-Amur, sekufikile kibo bonke nesithakazelo ezindabeni zempi civil aviation ezaziwayo. Nge neminyaka engu-50 leminyaka elidlule, Kulapha "landizela" zonke izindiza Sukhoi. Ngaphandle wezempi, lapha ngaphandle, futhi abaningi Soviet kwendiza yabantu abangekho. Namuhla, le nkampani wahlanganyela ukuhlangana "Superjet" - umgibeli imikhumbi-design efanayo bureau.

Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi motor isikebhe "Amur" akhiqizwa omunye amagatsha zalesi sihlahla uqobo. Ekuqaleni kwaba nje omunye izindawo ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi, kodwa ngo-1999, inkampani ahlukaniswe. Ngo-2006, kunqanyulwe ukukhiqizwa izikebhe, futhi ngo-2009 - kanye izingxenye ezisele. Ngemva kwalokho inkampani ivalwe.

umehluko

Ngo imithombo eminingi igama elithi "isikebhe" noma "isikebhe" asetshenziswa njengoba omqondofana. Kodwa uma ubheka, amagama kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene. Bobabili zihlobene izikebhe, kodwa umehluko sisekhona. Ngakho, liyini ezahlukene isikebhe "Amur" ngumuntu esikebheni?

Mayelana ukubukeka hhayi Kuhle kokusho - kuyacaca futhi kahle. Ngokungafani kwesinye. Umehluko phakathi motor kanye isikebhe evamile endaweni eyodwa - the injini. I helmsman uhlezi ibhange ukudla uthola bese elawula ijubane nendlela yekuhambisa sandla, turning isibambo okhethekileko injini. Umuntu oqhuba isikhungo isikebhe, usetha, njengoba kule moto ezivamile phambili. Phambi kwakhe remote control encane, futhi motor ithoma inkinobho kule panel. Ohlangothini ukunyakaza ulawulwa kusuka endaweni efanayo.

Uma ungenalo bangene imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, umehluko phakathi nabo ukufakwa motor. Isikebhe kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isuswe. Isikebhe - akukho.

incazelo

Njengoba kwakuyisiko kuyi-Union, iyiphi isitshalo lempi wawuyingxenye amandla okunika ekukhiqizeni izimpahla zomsebenzi. Eyokuqala motor "Amur" isikebhe wadedelwa ngo-1968. Ukucaciswa Standard for "Cupid" injini ishiwoyo "412E". Lokhu ezine-unhlangothi, four cylinder carburetor okufana esetshenziswa ezimotweni "Muscovite-412." Uma uyifake ababehamba ngezikebhe yabonisa kusimo enkulu - ukudlidlizela eqinile ngocansi sikebhe. Ngakho-ke, zonke ukulungiswa okwalandela wathola sterndrive okuyothi screw ingxenye injini bese, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi ngaphandle isitsha. Ngaphezu okwandisa isikhala lesi sisombululo kwandisa kakhulu ukuphila inkonzo chassis futhi kakhulu ziyancipha vibration.

Ekuqaleni isikebhe "Amur" senziwa ngokuphelele duralumin ke Ezansi zazenziwe aluminium-magnesium Alloys. Phansi kwaba 2.5 mm bead obukhulu - 1.5. Kanye nabo babeka amabhlogo Foam for edla izindwani nezingwadule lonke isakhiwo kwaqinisa 10 ozimele. Zonke lezi imininingwane ngokuvamile ahunyushwa esikebheni esigabeni premium. Futhi, naphezu lingakanani encane, lo mkhumbi kwafaniswa e intengo nge imoto, ngakho uyithenga eSoviet Union wayengakezukuqeda hhayi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukukhokhela.

uhlelo

Ngesikhathi esifanayo cishe emlandweni weminyaka engu-30 lapho kukhululwa isikebhe "Amur" Ngiphumele ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa eziningana. Izinguqulo zokuqala zazenziwe duralumin, yingakho bakwazi ukusebenzisa kuphela amanzi asemifuleni. Lena yayihlanganisa:

• "Cupid" futhi "Amur- M". Lawa kwakungamadodana onobuhle eziyisisekelo nge igiya emincane. Yakha kuphela kusuka duralumin.
• "Amur-D" futhi wenza kuphela aluminium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhumbi wawuphakathi inguqulo yokuqala osebenzisa sterndrive.

Ukuze phansi izinguqulo ezilandelayo, baqala ukusebenzisa aluminium-magnesium Alloys, ukuvumela lezi zitsha ukuphuma olwandle oluvulekile.

• Isikebhe "Amur-2" baba inguqulo yokuqala, eyayintula gumbi ezimboziwe nendawo ngoba izihlalo ezimbili. Ezingemuva ingxenye, kanye onobuhle kamuva, isisitho selanga endlini evaliwe.
• "Amur-3" akahambe olwandle, kodwa kwadingeka kwepulani evulekile.

• "East" - ngegama elehlukile, wayeya kwi "Amur", kodwa kwakungekaNkulunkulu uhlobo amanzi jet.
• "East -2" (ngezinye izikhathi ezikhonjiswe ngokuthi "East-2T"). esifanayo gumbi ezimboziwe, njengoba "Amur-2", kodwa sibhekisela ohlotsheni amanzi jet.

Ingxenye engezansi kokubili "East 'nayo eyenziwe ingxubevange, kangangokuthi isikebhe ayengenakusetshenziswa nje phezu kwemifula.

izici

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo inombolo yohlobo, bese uya. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, naphezu kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 ekuphileni daba, "Amur" - esikebheni, izici okusalayo njalo. Ukuvikela screw nokwelula isikhala ewusizo butholakala sterndrive ke omunye ingxubevange ngoba engxenyeni engezansi, okuvumela ukuya olwandle, kodwa idatha ecashile aliguquki. Zonke onobuhle ephakanyiswe injini kusuka "Moskvich", bonke babe cishe "ukugxusha" efanayo, ngisho nemingcele zangaphandle yaphindwa ngezindlela eziningi, ngakho-ke, ukuba bacabangele zonke ukuthuthukiswa thina ngeke - izogxila model of "Amur-D" - Ushintshe nge sterndrive.

• Ubude - 5.5 m.
• Ububanzi - 2 m.
• Speed - 40 km / h.
• Passenger Umthamo - abantu 4 + ayo.
• isisindo Iwusizo - 500 kg lomgwaqo - 660 (ngaphandle fuel).
• Tank - 100 l.
• amandla Motor kuyafana ukuthi we 412 "Moskvich" - 60 l. a.
• Okusalungiswa - 0.5 m, inani ukuphakama jikelele - 1, 4.
• Lokufuduka - 1 t.

Idatha elandelayo kukhona imingcele hhayi lobuchwepheshe, kodwa, nokho, umnikazi isikebhe kufanele bakhumbule kubo:

• nokususa ukusuka ogwini - kufika ku-50 km;
• wave ukuphakama - 0.75 m, ngo izindlela zakamuva - kufika ku-1.2 m.

Ngokungafani nezinye izikebhe ezahambisana ukungcebeleka, motor isikebhe "Amur" got ukuziqalela kagesi, okuyinto wagijima injini main. Ngaphezu ukuziqalela esikebheni abangu amalambu, horn Searchlight. Wonke amadivayisi ukulawula futhi babe kwasemuva. Ugesi ihlinzekwa kusuka generator noma ibhethri elise gumbi injini. Voltage - 12 V, esiphezulu wamanje - 40 A.

isisitho selanga endlini

Kusukela imodeli eziyisisekelo, bonke ukulungiswa etholwe etendeni foldable okuyinto kugcinwa phakathi usofa headrest akha gumbi injini. Ngokuvamile, it senziwa manzi, umoya, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, isidumbu. Ngamanye amazwi, singasebenza hhayi kuphela yokupaka eside.

Ukusebenzisa usuku wakhe bengazizwa khona ukuvikela imvula noma ilanga elishisa bhé, kusihlwa - kusuka omiyane. imishini Factory kuhlanganisa ithende isikebhe "Amur", kodwa uma ufuna ukulishintsha (abasephula, avuzayo, noma ngesizathu esithile), ifektri wanikela esikhundleni nokuphathelene. Njengoba sazi ukuthi izikebhe ubumnandi kanye isikebhe waba ukusabalala omkhulu, umnikazi ayikwazanga ukufaka netende wezamabhizinisi, abhekana ngayo imisebenzi yabo kangcono ukwedlula yasekuqaleni.

amanani

Ngaphambi kokuvala yombuzo izindleko, kuyafaneleka ukuthi inani lokugcina kuzoncika okungenani ezicini ezimbili. Okungukuthi, izimo zokusebenza, kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe ezisesesikhathini kancane ezahlukene onobuhle ezahlukene.

On the inothi lokuqala Sivamile ukwehlelwa ekhaleni ogwini ngokushesha futhi keel bakhathale. Isixazululo ke wayengomunye - ukushisela induku eside kusukela ekhaleni phansi. Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke abanye imoto, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi wema isikhashana motor evamile akudingi uphole amafutha noma amanzi. Uma kungenzeka, kubalulekile ukuba uhlole phansi izindlu, noma okungenani ukukhulisa Slaný - ukuhlola isimo ngaphakathi.

Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu isigaba sesibili ingashiwo injini lwemsebenti: amanzi-jet noma ikholomu. Ngokusho ezibekiweko of ijubane kokubili uyefana. Nokho, ikholomu luyalawuleka ngaphezulu. Kuleli injini kulula ukupaka in reverse. Banikezwe kungenzeka Itshekisela, ungakwazi kudlule ngokuphepha emanzini angajulile. Ngenxa ukushayela emuva kukholamu capacious kakhulu offset isikebhe "Amur". Intengo le nguqulo ngezindinganiso lanamuhla zinkulungwane 200-300. Hlikihla. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi lena akuyona izindleko zokugcina. Kuye ngokuthi izimo yokusebenza ngesikhathi umnikazi owayeyinhloko entsha, mhlawumbe enye into kuyodingeka uqede.

Izibuyekezo

Imodeli eziyisisekelo sitjalo kukholamu isikebhe "Amur". Izimpendulo ngakho ngokuvamile uvumelana entweni eyodwa. Aboshelwe imoto imoto 60 l. a. ngoba lalingelihle ukuba kuhlalwe ngokuphelele, okubangela ukuguga ngokushesha. Esikhundleni sako ulethe namandla kakhulu amanzi-jet carburetor noma nomthelela omuhle kuzo zonke izici izikebhe ubumnandi.

isiphetho

Motor isikebhe "Amur", yaqanjwa emfuleni omkhulu Russian, kwaba isixazululo ezinhle kulabo abasebenza yesikebhe noma ukudoba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhiqizwa sivaliwe manje, "Amour" uhlala kuyindaba kukhulunywe kangaka emibuthanweni ehlukahlukene. Labo abafuna ungathola yokwahluka motor esikhundleni, ukushintshwa abanikeze asebenza nabo ukwelashwa anticorrosion nokunye okunjalo. D.