Cross-ezifanelekayo ukufuya izilwane nabantu. Kungenzeka yini ukuba cross-zizalela webantfu netilwane? Ukuhlolwa ekufikeni webantfu netilwane

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izwe lonke ngokoqobo ibheke phansi. Kwakuyinkathi imibono crazy, ucwaningo nokwatholakala. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho ososayensi isikhathi wacabanga ukuthi kukhona on the esengozini okutholakele okukhulu. Izindaba lokuqala ngalokho okuyokwenzeka beyizalaniselana nezilwane, uvele 1909. Isazi sezinto eziphilayo u-Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov wathi eWorld Congress ukuthi kungenzeka ukudala kwenkawu-indoda. Akabange usosayensi kuphela abathintekayo kulolu daba.

Ubani futhi lapho wahlanganyela ukudalwa kwenkawu

Ngo-1910, odokotela abahlinzayo Amagwababa eSteinach futhi wenza umzamo wokuqala ukufakela umuntu nezindlala inkawu. Ibhizinisi for xenotransplantation kukora labo linemibhikisho ukuthi Voronov kwadingeka ukuvula siqu inkawu nursery yakho e eningizimu yeFrance.

Rozanov uVladimir Nikolaevich, udokotela ohlinzayo abadumile eziqhutshwa ngesikhathi Stalin futhi Lenin, bawenza ucwaningo eziningi kule ndawo. Yena utshalwe chimpanzee indlala futhi abantu, njengoba kwakubonakala, it wathembisa impumelelo enkulu. emaphephandabeni endawo njalo ukushicilela izindaba mayelana nendlela umdlavuza kungaba belaphe igunya komuntu olahlekelwa yingqondo, potency encishisiwe nokushwabana. Kodwa uma lemizamo ethwele impumelelo? Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izwe liye laba esiphethweni sokuthi lokhu kucwaninga yayimane nje i-placebo. Lokho ukuthi, umphumela ukuthi uyalandelwa ngemva xenotransplantation, kwaba limane nje self-isiphakamiso.

Iminonjana izilwane ezingabonwayo

Emibhalweni Bernard Heuvelmans, isazi sezinto eziphilayo futhi owayeyisazi sesayensi yezilwane eyaziwa, kukhona lenqwaba izinkomba okubizwa ngokuthi "Yeti". Ingabe kukhona iqhwa abantu - Namanje asilwazi ncamashi. Inani elikhulu izazi zinombono ukuthi Yeti ngempela wahlala eduze wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu, kodwa abagxeki abaphika ke, hhayi kancane. Uma abelusi bezinkomo ababili bakwazile ukususa zesifazane isiqophi Bigfoot. Indaba abadumile ePatterson - Gimlin, okuyinto ngokucacile umbonile Yeti, ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke, kodwa bekukhona nososayensi abakholelwayo ukuphikisa lesi senzakalo. Bakholelwa ukuthi kusukela akunakwenzeka cross-zizalela abantu nezilwane, izithombe namavidiyo oluthunyelwe kofakazi abaningi, hhayi ningi than ukufakwa.

Kukhona obunye ubufakazi bokuthi ukuba khona okungenani eyodwa indoda yeqhwa. Emahlathini pre-mbuso ka-Abkhazia owesifazane onamandla angalé kwavamile wabanjwa Prince. ekukhuleni kwayo kwaba ngaphezu 2 amamitha, ngaphezu, konke lokho kwase ku- linoboya, futhi ngingazi ukuthi ngingaqhubeka kanjani ukukhuluma. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kokuzalela womuntu isilwane ucwaningo kungaholela ukuzalwa umuntu onjalo. Wayiswa ngenkani kithi ngafike isikhathi eside igcinwe avala ngoba wayekhanga nolaka. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-owesifazane iqhwa beba nobuhlobo bobulili namadoda (abantu kuleyandawo) wabeletha kubo okungenani 4 izingane. Khvitia - omunye wamadodana akhe, ngaleso sikhathi owayengamele umndeni wakhe kanye nezingane.

bangabasebenzi Namandla

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 siswele Manpower. Iosif Stalin osezwile ukuthi eJalimane eyenziwa ezinye ukulinga abantu nezilwane, futhi banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i alibale. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, senza ucwaningo eziningi zidalwa ezingabantu. Beyizalaniselana nezilwane kwakuwukusiza ekuhleleni ukudala i emangalisayo eziqinile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngempela kwenkawu sizithobe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana izibalo ososayensi, silwane kufanele abe ukufinyelela ukhule ngokugcwele eminyakeni 4 nje. Stalin kuhlelwe ukuthi entsha angisebenzi ngeke kuphela akhiqiza amalahle, ukwakha ojantshi, kodwa futhi ukulwa, uma kunesidingo.

Imizamo yokuqala

I ucwaningo lokuqala Sergeya voronova usosayensi French igxile rejuvenation abantu. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda eGibhithe, yena yabhekisela abathenwa. Babheka emdala amanye amadoda. Kuleli qophelo, usosayensi wacabanga mayelana ithonya gonads ngesimo emzimbeni. Ngo-1910 Voronov aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ngempumelelo kabusha a yenkawu Iqanda abadala Aristocrat ngesiNgisi. amaphephandaba endawo abika ukuthi umphumela xenotransplantation Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside ukulinda, futhi emva kwesikhashana eyiNgisi wabheka ngeminyaka embalwa. Kulokhu, nawu umbuzo: kungani le ndlela rejuvenation alisetshenziswa ukufakelwa zanamuhla? Ngokusobala, lokhu empeleni kwakuwukugcwaliseka Ithonya le-placebo.

ucwaningo Imfihlo UProfesa Ivanov e Guinea

Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ezibiyele seliqala ukuzibuza ukuthi beyizalaniselana ngempela kungenzeka abantu nezilwane? Zonke imisebenzi yesayensi kule ndawo siye saphathiswa ososayensi ababili - Ile Ivanovu futhi uVladimir Rozanov. Ngaleso sikhathi, baye bekwi-insemination yokufakelwa kwezilwane ngempumelelo. UVladimir Rozanov, efana uzakwabo French Amagwababa, olwenziwa imisebenzi ukufakela yenkawu ubulili nezindlala. Ubunzima walala yokuthi isidingo ukufakelwa yayinkulu ukuze ososayensi akudingeki izinkawu ngokwanele.

Ngo-1926, uDkt Ivanov futhi indodana yakhe baya ku uhambo eGuinea. Kwakudingeka ukubamba chimpanzee kwabesifazane nabesilisa for ucwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phambi kwabo kube nenkinga - ukukholisa okungenani abanye abesifazane Afrika ukuba babe yingxenye isilingo. Ivan wafuna ukuzama impregnate sperm owesifazane yenkawu, kanye yenkawu zesifazane - imbewu yomuntu. Nokho, ukuthola ohlala eGuinea, ukuze uvumelane ucwaningo, ngisho imali eningi, kwakungenakwenzeka. Khona-ke usosayensi ne ezibiyele anquma ukukwenza ngasese. Ngaphansi luhlolo ukubukwa eziningana Afrika owethulwa isidoda chimpanzee. Yini yaphela lokhu beyizalaniselana bezilwane nabantu abavela - alaziwa. Ngokushesha usosayensi Ivanov kwesokunxele Afrika waya ukuhlola edolobheni Isi-Abkhazian ka Sukhumi.

Sukhumi inkawu engcwele

Ngo-1927, e Abkhazia, in the amancane kancane-eyaziwa ngesikhathi edolobheni Sukhumi ukuze afeze cross-ezifanelekayo ukufuya izilwane nabantu, inkawu reserve yasungulwa.

Guinea Ivanov waletha chimpanzee lokuqala nama-gorilla, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abesifazane ababili ezinkulu futhi unempilo. Uprofesa wazama zalisa kubo nesidoda umuntu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lezi zinkawu wafa nabesifazane. Ngezinye ukuhlola isidumbu wafakazela ukuthi umuntu ekhulelwa livelile cha. Ngaleso sikhathi, Ivanov abazange baqonde ukuthi kungani ucwaningo ngeke kutholakale. ososayensi Modern zofuzo ukukuchaza impela nje.

Ingabe unjengomuntu nama-chimpanzee

It kuvela ukuthi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ndoda futhi inkawu kukhona mass efanayo, kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Man has 23 ngazimbili wama-chromosomes, for ingqikithi 46. yenkawu Ubuye ngazimbili 24, ie-chromosomes angu-48. Uma abantu abanjalo sizale, kuyodingeka inombolo obungavamile Ama-chromosomes e - 47. Lo oyedwa ngeke bakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo, njengoba isethi wama-chromosomes kuyoba 46 + 1 - omunye chromosome engashadile.

Isibonelo izilwane ezinjalo ziyathandeka umnyuzi nenzalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abazali bayo - imbongolo (kokuba 31 ngazimbili wama-chromosomes) kanye nehhashi (32 ngazimbili wama-chromosomes). Esikhathini isayensi yokuthola inzalo ka abazali abangabakhe zinhlobo ezahlukene, ngokuthi interspecific hybridization. Abantu nezilwane akwazi ukuwela kuphela uma i-DNA esifanayo, karyotype efanayo kanye nezici yokwakheka.

Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi owela bezilwane nabantu abavela ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile akunakwenzeka ngenxa umehluko okuphawulekayo karyotypes yabo. It is wafakazela ukuthi ngazimbili 18 wama-chromosomes womuntu, nezinkawu basuke kucishe, kodwa lonke abe umehluko isisindo. Ngokuphongoza ubulili-chromosomes futhi unesibopho wobulili ikusasa inzalo.

I kungenzeki isibe kungenzeka namuhla izolo

Ukuhlolwa ekufikeni kubantu nasezilwaneni, cishe, akazange ayeke futhi ngeke ayeke nanini. Ososayensi baye izakhi wathola ukuthi namanje into UProfesa Ivanov wayeqinisile. Beyizalaniselana nezilwane ngempela kungaletha kwabazuzisa kakhulu ngayiphi indlela isintu. Nokho, akuyona mayelana izidalwa ezisesimweni sokuguquka kanye Snowmen. Lapha sikhuluma stem cells, okuyinto lungatholakala imibungu hybrid.

ezokwelapha zesimanje abadinga stem cells ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo eziningi. Stem cells ungakwazi self-vuselela futhi ihlukanise, ekudaleni zonke amaseli wabo bonke kwezitho nezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo genetic engineering ukufakazela ukuthi amaseli stem emzimbeni obhekene intsha nokuphila kade. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-kumaseli emzimbeni womuntu kuba izicubu ingasaphathwa bangalahlekelwa ukukwazi kwabo ukuzithiba ukuvuselela, iziphathimandla babuthakathaka kakhulu.

Mystery futhi obuyimfihlo nakho

Naphezu kobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda, izimfihlakalo kule ndawo akubanga ucwaningo ngaphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokufa Ivanov wonke amadokhumenti nezimpahla, owela bekufihlekile futhi kugcinwa kuyimfihlo imfihlo. Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: uma ucwaningo ungazange ayithelanga yimuphi umphumela omuhle, kungani ezibiyele uhlu imfihlo zonke izinto? Cross-ezifanelekayo ukufuya izilwane nabantu bezilokhu oyimfihlakalo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngesikhathi isipiliyoni abesifazane abaningi bahlanganyela Abkhazia. Ngokuzithandela avundiswe ngesidoda senye chimpanzee. Kodwa ukuthola owesifazane onjalo futhi umbuze mayelana ucwaningo kwaba engenakwenzeka. Yini eyenzeka kubo bonke labo bantu ababamba iqhaza ukuhlolwa, futhi indawo yaso ukuthi iphi?

Njengamanje emazweni amaningi ekufikeni ucwaningo ezilwaneni nakubantu zivinjelwe. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi kungukuthi kwenziwe? Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe esikhathini isayensi Ngekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo usabona Chimera?