Umnotho isithunzi futhi umthamo yayo kufanele kulawulwa isimo

Kukhona izincazelo eziningi igama elithi "isithunzi umnotho" emnothweni yesimanje.

Shadow umnotho - kuba umsebenzi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho, okuyinto ephambene nomthetho ofanele.

Futhi, emnothweni isithunzi kungenziwa emelelwa izibalo isimo nalo futhi kulawulwa iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ekukhiqizeni, exchange, ukusetshenziswa kanye ukwabiwa komnotho. imisebenzi enjalo commercial emazweni athuthukile bakha 20% of the okwedlulele umkhiqizo kazwelonke ekuthuthukiseni - 50% futhi emazweni ushintsho - kuya ku-30%.

Lezi zincazelo lapho kubhekwa ndawonye ukunikeza kwebalingisi ephelele eside ihlaziye.

Isakhiwo umnotho isithunzi kungenzeka emelelwa imikhakha ezintathu ezingasuthi qualitatively sihluke nomunye.

Mpunga isithunzi umnotho (nalengakahleleki) kuvunyelwa umthetho, ezomnotho esikhiqiza izimpahla noma ukuhlinzeka amasevisi. Kukhona umbuzo isivinini encane amabhizinisi amancane. Osomabhizinisi lokhu wemboni komnotho bachezuke yokubhalisa olusemthethweni ukuze ugweme izindleko ezengeziwe kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe ngokuthola izimvume ahlukahlukene (amalayisense kanye nezimvume).

Oyidami isithunzi umnotho ubukeka njengoba postscripts, ukuthengiselana zokucabangela, ukukhwabanisa, ukufumbathisa, okusho izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba imisebenzi ehlobene ukuthola imali-yokudlulisa.

Kakhulu "ezinzima" futhi ngokuqinile elinesijeziso black isithunzi umnotho (nangaphansi komhlaba), okuyinto kunqatshelwe ngokomthetho emisebenzini kwezomnotho ezihlobene ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa kwezimpahla uvinjelwe noma ayindlala. Leyo misebenzi zibekwa: imisebenzi eziholela ubudlova (ngokuphanga noma ukweba impango nokuhuheka); ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, lapho kube nethonya elilimaza isimo ezingokwengqondo umphakathi (izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izidakamizwa noma kwebantfu).

Nyusa ivolumu komnotho isithunzi kunomthelela:

- kwezomnotho, eyethulwe izintela ezimba eqolo, inhlekelele uhlelo lwezimali kanye imisebenzi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho non-obhalisiwe;

- social - iholo elincane, okwaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwemisebenzi ezifihliwe, kanye ngamazinga aphezulu okusweleka kwemisebenzi;

- zomthetho, okubonisa ukungapheleli umtsetfo lokhona, futhi abumane e igiya okugcwele isu inhlangano ka abomthetho yokulwa nobugebengu kwezomnotho.

Isici sokugcina ibonisa kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale uhlobo umnotho. Kuyinto institutionalization komnotho isithunzi ngenxa ejenti kahulumeni. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza ngefanelo ejensi kahulumeni e counter isiqondiso ukwanda elibukhali emnothweni shadow a ezimisiwe kanye ezimisiwe emsebenzini ukubambisana ngaphakathi izakhiwo zikahulumeni zanoma yiliphi izwe, ekusebenzelaneni kwabo abaseduze, ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo ngokuhlanganyela nemisebenzi.

Ukuze kuvinjwe le isici kwezomnotho kuyadingeka, ngaphezu kwentela ukusikeka, ukwenza lula inqubo sithole izimvume. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isabelomali ukugwema ukulahleka enkulu ngamanani aphansi entela kuphela ekuqhubeni le misebenzi kancane kancane futhi ehlelekile, kunokuba kusuka izintela eziningana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakusetshenziswa kube laxative abezentela, ugweme ukuhlawuliswa nokwehlisa nokuncipha necala lobugebengu kanye nezokuphatha. Kungenjalo, kuzothathwa ngokuthi ukukhula amavolumu komkhakha lobugebengu, okuyoholela ukwanda black isithunzi umnotho.