Sinuses we Mater Dura (sinuses emithambo yegazi, sinuses ubuchopho): anatomy, imisebenzi

Ubuchopho nomzimba okuqinisekisa nokulawula zonke imisebenzi yomzimba. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini ukubunjwa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. ubuchopho ukutadisha bethathekile futhi abaqhubeka beziphatha ososayensi ehola futhi odokotela emhlabeni wonke.

Uhlolojikelele

Ubuchopho ihlanganisa izinzwa 25 bhiliyoni, obumba grey ndaba. isisindo umzimba iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubulili. Ngokwesibonelo, amadoda abe mass mayelana 1375 g e abesifazane - e 1245 isilinganiso okubangela 2% esisindo Imininingwane. Ngakho Ososayensi bathola ukuthi ezingeni ekukhuleni ayixhumene nama isisindo ingqondo. amakhono kwengqondo kuthinta inani ukuxhumana kwegunya elimisiwe. amangqamuzana obuchopho kukhona sezinzwa glia. Eyokuqala kwenta ubuye ugcogce okuxhunyanwa pulses, kwesibili - imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Ngaphakathi ubuchopho kukhona umgodi. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricles. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba womuntu kusuka emzimbeni phambi kwethu suka nezinzwa cranial. Basuke abhanqiwe. Ubude isuka ebuchosheni 12 namabhuzu izinzwa. ikhava Brain ezintathu igobolondo: soft, kanzima, futhi arachnoid. zikhona izikhala phakathi kwawo. Them nanso is nokusakazwa cerebrospinal fluid. It uba zangaphandle hydrostatic CNS imvelo futhi inikeza excretion imikhiqizo umzimba. Igobolondo zobuchopho kuhluke isakhiwo sabo futhi inani lemikhumbi odlula kuyo. Nokho, zinikeza isivikelo okuqukethwe kusukela phezulu Yekhanda umonakalo lokukhanda.

arachnoid i-MO

Arachnoidea encephali ahlukaniswe kusuka kumasistimu asebenzayo oqinile ngokuhlelwa capillary inethiwekhi isikhala subdural. It akungeni anemifantu futhi imisele njengoba semithambo. Nokho, ulwelwesi arachnoid futhi bashise ngabo ngesimo amabhuloho. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka isikhala subarachnoid, okuwugcwalisile ketshezi ecacile. Kwezinye izindawo, okungcono ku base zobuchopho, kukhona okuhle ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa subarachnoid izikhala. Bakha iziqukathi ejulile nebanzi - ithangi. Ziqukethe cerebrospinal fluid.

Umhlinzi (esithambile) i-MO

Pia Mater encephali ihlanganisa ngqo ebusweni ingqondo. It uvezwa uhlobo ezimbili-ungqimba ipuleti esobala, ezisabalele esikhaleni futhi imisele. Njengamanje semithambo MO nge chromatophores - sombala amaseli. Ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo ezitholakala base zobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona lymph, insika amaseli, fibroblasts, futhi yezinzwa eziningi futhi receptor yabo. Ingxenye MO nge elithambile ezihambisana izitsha lwemithambo (medium and enkulu), ukufinyelela arteriole. Phakathi kwezindonga zabo kanye igobolondo ahlelwe isikhala Virchow - Robin. Bagcwala cerebrospinal fluid kanye abe ukuxhumana isikhala subarachnoid. Ngabo yayithathe fibrils nokunwebeka kanye kuyi-collagen. Basuke okwesikhashana izitsha, lapho izimo ukufuduka yabo ngesikhathi yezwakala ngaphandle ezithinta medulla.

TMO

It libhekene amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ikakhulukazi kanye kwabantu. Ngo oyiyo kukhona inqwaba imicu enwebekayo yezicubu kuyi-collagen. It yakha igobolondo eliqinile izicubu obukhulu zezinzwa.

Izici

igobolondo Hard abami ngalo ingaphakathi ngaphakathi ugebhezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke uba periosteum zayo zangaphakathi. Endaweni emgodini esikhulu ngemuva TMO iqine igobolondo emgogodleni. Iphinde yakha emgodleni perineural we izinzwa cranial. Engena phakathi emgodini, igobolondo ikhula kanye imiphetho zabo. Uxhumano iqoqo amathambo ethambile. Igobolondo liyakwazi ahlukaniswe kalula kuzo. Loku kubangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka hematoma epidural. Ngo esifundeni cranial base igobolondo fuses nge ithambo. Ikakhulukazi, i-fusion eqinile obaphawuleka amasayithi compounds izici nomunye nezinzwa cranial uphinde uphume kusukela ingaphakathi. Ebusweni engaphakathi igobolondo uphahlwe endothelium. Lokhu kuholela olubushelelezi futhi pearlescent yayo umthunzi. Kwezinye izindawo, uthi eqhekeza ulwelwesi. Lapha kwakhiwa izinqubo zayo. Bona aphume ashone shí Slots, ahlukaniswa izingxenye zobuchopho. Ezindaweni kwehlukana izinqubo, kanye emkhakheni ukunamathela amathambo yangaphakathi base cranial iziteshi esingunxantathu akhiwa. Babuye embozwe endothelium. Lezi ziteshi - ke sinuses we Mater laseDura.

isikela

Kuthathwa uyihlumela elikhulu igobolondo. Isikela lingena slot longitudinal phakathi ama- kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, ngaphandle kokufinyelela callosum Corpus. Kuyinto mncane lwalugobile isikela ipuleti 2 ngesimo amashidi. Ngo inqubo yokuhlukanisa ezisekelwe amanga aphakeme itheku sagittal. Unqenqema okuphambene ucwezana is uqweqwe futhi amacembe ezimbili. Kuzo kukhona aphansi itheku sagittal.

Compound oluxube cerebellar

Eme phambi kwaleso inyanga ucwezana coalesces nge cockscomb ku ithambo ethmoid. Isifunda ezingemuva ngesikhathi occipital yokhalo protrusion ixhunywe yangaphakathi snaring cerebellum. Yena, kuthé phezu fossa cranial wagxumeka itende. Kuyo itholakala cerebellum. gallop wakhe engena slot transverse ebuchosheni ezinkulu. Lapha, lapho ehlukanisa ama- cerebellar we iyizingxenye occipital. Phambili agabadvula semfene samanje. Kube notch esenzelwa lapho phambi brainstem. izingxenye Lateral agabadvula tho nge emaphethelweni inkatho e ngemuva itheku transverse ku ithambo occipital futhi emaphethelweni engenhla imibhoshongo phezu ithambo yesikhashana. Compound sihamba ukuze posterior izinqubo yelunga nhlonhlo ezingxenyeni phambi yohlangothi ngalunye. Le ndiza sagittal kuyinto falcula. phambi usiko imahhala. Uhlukanisa laba ama- cerebellar. Ngemuva isikela esemgwaqweni yangaphakathi Crest occipital. Uya onqenqemeni omkhulu we imbobo alisibekele ezimbili izinyawo nhlangothi zombili. Kumila likhona isikela occipital itheku.

nezinye izakhi

iris yisithiyo sehhashi Turkish. Kuyinto ipuleti ahlelwe nendawo. Ngezinye isikhungo salo umgodi. I ipuleti sisalokhu phezu fossa pituitary futhi yakha ngokhakhayi. Ngaphansi diaphragm iyona indlala pituitary. Yena ngembobo ixhunywe hypothalamus ngokusebenzisa uphondo nasemilenzeni. Endaweni ye ayimigodi trigeminal eduze phezulu yesikhashana ithambo Dura ihlukane 2 ishidi. Bakha umgodi lapho engeyokuqala emsipheni (trigeminal).

Sinuses we Mater Dura

Zimelela itheku kwakhiwa ngenxa cleavage ku amashidi TMO ezimbili. sinuses cerebral isinyathelo njengohlobo oluthile izitsha. ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo akhiwa amapuleti. Itheku kanye emithanjeni cerebral ukwabelana umkhuba ovamile. ezindaweni zawo kwangaphakathi uphahlwe endothelium. Phakathi naleso sikhathi sinuses cerebral nezitsha ezahlukene odongeni isakhiwo ngqo. Lesi sakamuva ikhululekile futhi zihlanganisa izingqimba ezintathu. Lapho mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi emithanjeni ehlala kwesigamu. Izindonga sinuses yena, kuyinto iqine. Bakha obukhulu fibrous ezicutshini, equkethe imicu enwebekayo yezicubu. Uma othile ovulekile Sectional itheku inesikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-valve izitsha emithambo yegazi abakhona. Ngo izimbotshana itheku kukhona eziningana imishayo ngokwengxenye nemigoqo lukathayela. Basuke embozwe endothelium futhi ngisuka udonga ukuze odongeni. Kwezinye sinuses, lezi zinto kuhluke ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu. Izindonga sinuses akuyona izakhi kwemisipha. Sinuses we Mater Dura babe isakhiwo ngokuvumela igazi ukuze ngokukhululeka ageleze kude ngaphansi umphumela amandla adonsela phansi yayo ngaphandle kokubheka intracranial ingcindezi oscillations.

izinhlobo

Kukhona le dural sinuses elandelayo emithambo yegazi:

1. sagittalis itheku aphakeme. I engenhla itheku sagittal udlulisela kanye onqenqemeni eliphezulu ucwezana ezinkulu kusukela cockscomb ukuba projection occipital kwangaphakathi.
2. Itheku sagittalis bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Lower itheku sagittal itholakala emaqaqasini onqenqemeni mahhala isikela elikhulu. Yena agelezela rectus itheku emuva. Egcekeni kuyinto engxenyeni lapho onqenqemeni engezansi a ucwezana ezinkulu okuhlanganisiwe ne phambi onqenqemeni cerebellar gallop.
3. rectus itheku. itheku Straight Itholakala cleavage eliphuma umugqa yokuxhuma isikela lakhe elikhulu.
4. transversus itheku. I itheku transverse itholakala endaweni azalelwa gallop cerebellum kusuka ulwelwesi ingqondo.
5. occipitalis itheku. itheku occipital overlies base isikela cerebellar.
6. Itheku sigmoideus. itheku Sigmoid itholakala inkatho homonymous phezu kwangaphakathi Yekhanda. Ubheka indlela uhlamvu S. Esikhathini jugular foramen esifundeni itheku ludlulele vein yangaphakathi.
7. Itheku cavernosus. Kabili itheku cavernous itholakala nhlangothi zombili we sella.
8. sphenoparietalis itheku. itheku Sphenoparietal eseduze posterior amasayithi khulula lundiza encane ithambo sphenoid.
9. Itheku petrosus aphakeme. sinuses Upper sise onqenqemeni engenhla wethambo yesikhashana.
10. Itheku petrosus bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Rocky sine emthambekeni ephansi phakathi occipital nezesikhasana ithambo iphiramidi.

sagittalis itheku aphakeme

I engenhla phambi izingxenye anastomose sine (ixhunyiwe) nge ngemithambo ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. Ngemuva notshwala zibe itheku transverse. I kwesokunxele kanye ilungelo ke kukhona uhlangothi izikhala ukuxhumana naye. Zimelela umgodi encane elise phakathi yangaphandle futhi amashidi kwangaphakathi TMO. Inombolo yabo kanye nosayizi zihluke kakhulu. Kushiya tikhala ukuxhumana ingaphakathi itheku sagittalis aphakeme. Ziyakwazi ulwelwesi okuqinile futhi imithambo yegazi zobuchopho, kanye vein diploic.

itheku rectus

Straight itheku izenzo njengendlela uhlobo phambili kwencwadi ezingemuva itheku sagittalis bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. It uxhuma engxenyeni ezingemuva sinuses esiphakeme futhi ngingelutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho itheku engenhla, front end kufaka enkulu itheku rectus Vienna. Ngemuva itheku uthululela ku engxenyeni phakathi transversus itheku. Le sayithi ngokuthi izindinyana itheku.

itheku transversus

Lokhu itheku iyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi yakhula kakhulu. On the ngaphakathi wethambo entanyeni izikali siyafana nalokho furrow ububanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho itheku transversus ludlulele sigmoid itheku. Wabe okungena emlonyeni bomkhumbi jugular yangaphakathi. Itheku transversus futhi itheku sigmoideus, ngaleyo ndlela benze njengoba amadamu main emithambo yegazi. Kulokhu, lo wokuqala ehlelwe wonke amanye sinuses. Ezinye sinuses emithambo yegazi uyifake ngqo, abanye - ngokungaqondile. Sokunene nesobunxele itheku lateral uyaqhubeka itheku sigmoideus elihambisana ohlangothini. Le ndawo lapho iyangena emithambo yegazi sinuses sagittalis, rectus kanye occipitalis, ibizwa ngokuthi ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo.

itheku cavernosus

elinye igama layo - itheku cavernous. Leli gama wathola ngokuqondene nokuba khona ngodonga amaningi. Bona ukunikeza itheku isakhiwo efanele. Ngemva cavernous itheku ihlolwe ocucuzayo, ocular, trochlear, oculomotor nerve futhi carotid Umthambo (yangaphakathi) nge plexus nozwela. Phakathi ohlangothini sokunene nesobunxele of the sinuses samanje umlayezo. Umelelwa ngesimo front futhi bakhulise mezhpescheristogo itheku. Ngenxa yalokho, esifundeni i-turcica sella kwakhiwa indandatho semithambo. Esikhathini itheku cavernous (e anterior yakhe) ewela itheku sphenoparietalis.

Itheku petrosus phansi kunabaphostoli

Ungena phezulu isibani jugular (ngaphakathi) emthanjeni. Ngu itheku petrosus phansi kunabaphostoli izitsha futhi ofanele uxhaxha. Sinuses Dura exhunywe iziteshi eziningi semithambo. On surface basilar wethambo occipital, akha okufanayo negama plexus. Lakhiwa nokuhlanganiswa kwamahhovisi amagatsha emithambo yegazi itheku sokunene nesobunxele petrosus bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Ixhunyiwe ngokusebenzisa Magnum foramen futhi yangaphakathi basilar yezilwane ezinomgogodla plexus semithambo.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Kwezinye izindawo, sinuses igobolondo ifomu anastomoses ne sangaphandle ngemithambo ekhanda ukuba abathweswe iziqu beze - emithanjeni emissarnyh. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana amagatsha itheku diploic. Lezi emithanjeni asezindaweni ithambo cancellous e egumbini cranial futhi ukugeleza ku izitsha olukha phezulu ekhanda. ngaleyo ndlela Igazi ageleza away amagatsha semithambo sinuses TMT. Khona-ke ugelezela jugular kwesokunxele nakwesokudla (yangaphakathi) emthanjeni. Ngenxa itheku anastomoses ngezitsha diploic, alumni kanye plexus, negazi akunakulidla ageleze ekuthunjelweni inhlangano ebusweni inethiwekhi.

imikhumbi

Ukuze Dura ngokusebenzisa kwesokunxele futhi izimbobo kwesokudla spinous meningeal efanelekayo (isilinganiso) Umthambo (legatsha maxillary). I temporo-parietal endaweni TMO ke amagatsha. Emgodleni anterior fossa cranial enikeziwe kusukela anterior Umthambo wegazi (trellis legatsha ocular isimiso semithambo yegazi). Ngo TMO posterior fossa posterior skull amagatsha meningeal, amagatsha vertebral futhi occipital mastoid Umthambo legatsha.

izinzwa

Igobolondo onzima innervated amagatsha ezahlukene. Ikakhulu, kuhambisana legatsha izinzwa vagus kanye trigeminal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, innervation nozwela ukunikeza fibre. Eza endaweni igobolondo kanzima ukushuba we udonga lwangaphandle imithambo yegazi. Emkhakheni ngaphambili cranial fossa Dura uthola amahlumela kusukela emsipheni optic. legatsha lakhe - tentorial - inikeza innervation gallop cerebellar nobuchopho isikela. Ukuthenga phakathi fossa cranial kwenziwe ngenxa meningeal inqubo maxillary futhi mandibular emsipheni ingxenye. Iningi lamagatsha egobhoza igobolondo isitsha. Nokho, snaring we cerebellum, isimo Kuthi ezahlukene. Kukhona izitsha kancane futhi amagatsha ezinzwa ahlelwe therein ngokuzimela.