Izincwadi ezivela isikhumba womuntu: izici, izinganekwane namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ngazo zonke izikhathi abantu bekholelwa kulokho esikhumbeni sesilwane zokugqoka nezinto ezihlukahlukene yasendlini. Izazi zolimi abakholelwa ngisho nokuthi igama elithi "isikhumba" ekuqaleni wazwakala njengamazwi "imbuzi". Phela, isikhumba lalesi silwane ngokuphelele wamelana sigqoka, bese ezandleni ngezisebenzi siguqulelwa izicathulo zikanokusho noma ingubo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, izwi lasho ngokuvumelana isikhumba zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo namuhla ukuthi ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa edlule, isikhumba womuntu ubhekwa ukwaziswa okufanayo kakhulu, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ingulube noma inyama yenkonyana. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi lenziwa eziningi izinto ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa nje funa wokugaklazeka kusukela aristocrats kanye nonxiwankulu ocebile. Nesidingo Amazing eFrance, eyethula fashion imikhiqizo efanayo, ubelokhu nesembozo amabhuku isikhumba womuntu. Kuyinto Creepy ngakho futhi kumnandi imisindo abantu yesimanje, sanquma ukukutshela okwengeziwe mayelana imibhalo kanye nemisebenzi eziye immortalized phezu kwesikhumba womuntu kahle ezishukiwe.

Umlando lesikhumba izimpahla abantu abafile

Kubonakala ukwenza savagery eliphelele incwadi zesikhumba womuntu noma yimuphi omunye imikhiqizo efanayo, kodwa okhokho bethu kubhekwe ke ejwayelekile. Kunzima ukusho lapho le nto engavamile iye yasetshenziswa ngokokuqala ngqa, kodwa izazi-mlando kuye kwaba nezenzakalo eziningi kokusebenzisa amathambo womuntu zakwa-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, e-Australia futhi Amazon.

Iqiniso lokuthi laba bantu cabanga ukufa uhlobo angenise kwelinye izwe, futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlonipha imemori sabafileyo ayebhekwa ukukhiqizwa amathambo abo, isikhumba bezinto ezihlukeneko isiko. Ngokuvamile baya imigqomo lendebe ukusingatha imimese. Ngakho, Lo muntu ofile wavuka aqhubeka yingxenye yesizwe futhi owaqondisa e ezweni lemimoya.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isintu siye savela futhi babesuke amasiko ngesihluku lasendulo. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ubuKristu indawo ubuqaba ezazisekela ngempela isimo sengqondo esihlukile oshonile izinsalela zabo. Kwakubonakala sengathi akekho ekhanda akavumanga ukuza ukusebenzisa umzimba womuntu njengoba evamile ikhava impahla womshini, isibonelo, izicathulo. Nokho, empeleni eyamshaqisa okuningi, ngoba ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili futhi nesishiyagalolunye weza izinto imfashini wenza kusukela isikhumba abantu abafile. Kunzima ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi omunye izincwadi zokugcina eboshiwe isikhumba womuntu sidaliwe e ngeminyaka yoma ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Cabanga ngalokhu - iminyaka kuphela amane-lingalingani edlule, ukumboza ezinye umuntu oshonile waya ukukhiqizwa incwadi! Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi okuningi, lokhu ezweni lethu lesimanje ngeke ukuthole. Okusanda leaked ubufakazi bokuthi Europe namanje isebenze ifektri ngomshoshaphansi ukhiqiza izicathulo, amabhande, izikhwama kanye netincwadzi letiphatselene isikhumba womuntu. Futhi mikhiqizo ethengwayo at esiteji yokukhiqiza, kuthiwa zibekwe amaqoqo abayizinjinga futhi abacebile. Nokho, akekho owaziyo ukhathazekile izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo aseqalile ukufunda lesi simanga, kokwenza okutholakele ezishaqisayo - Ngakho kungaba.

Heathers

Psychology Modern uyakwazi ukubheka shí enganakile, lapho kufihlwe imicabango yakhe yonke imfihlo kanye nokuhuheka nezinkanuko. Futhi isithakazelo, isibonelo, izincwadi eboshiwe isikhumba womuntu, babona mkhuba ethusayo ukwazi komphakathi.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zithi ngaso sonke isikhathi umdlandla ukufa ephelezelwa isintu. Kodwa wonke amasiko sidaliwe anamahlazo ezithile, okuyinto kwaba nomehluko ocacile phakathi kwezimfundiso ezweni fudumele file. Nokho, bebelokhu bekhona abantu abanombono Luhambo ekhethekile abafileyo - necrophilia. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu ekhulwini lesikhombisa kanye okwamanje it is kahle ezaziwayo. Isayensi ikufakazele ukuthi umbono weningi futhi amasiko kudala impela ukuvinjelwa eqinile enganakile uvimba iningi abantu abafana Luhambo.

Kodwa nesithakazelo esikhulayo imikhiqizo yesikhumba womuntu zingase zibe uphawu into eyodwa kuphela - emphakathini wanamuhla uzisusile cishe yonke ukuzithiba, ukuba yilo izifiso imfihlo kakhulu. Phela kumnandi ukuthi ngizoke ngibe ncwadi eboshiwe womuntu isikhumba traction nekrofilskoy lifana ngesidumbu.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi lo mkhuba kwenzeka kuphela uma isakhiwo somphakathi libhujiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi French Revolution ezweni ukusebenza ezimbonini ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo eminingi kusukela isikhumba zabantu ababulawa. Lezi zinto ozibongayo komunye nomunye, ngoba ngokuvamile bavunyelwe ukuthi umuntu, ogama ikhava yayisetshenziswa.

Ungase usacabanga ukuthi kufanele atshele zonke - kuyinto horror indaba yezingane ukuthi yasungulwa izintatheli izwele noma abalobi. Uma namanje ungaqiniseki ukuthi incwadi khona kusukela isikhumba womuntu Eqinisweni, ngemva kokufunda lesi sigaba esilandelayo kwalesi sihloko esicacile ngokoqobo izinto ezinjalo.

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke ncwadi antropodermicheskogo impahla

Ukucabanga izincwadi on kwesikhumba womuntu ngokuvamile, sicabanga lutho, kodwa yini iBhayibheli. Ngiyavuma, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukubhala imiBhalo engcwele kuwo wonke amaKristu phezu yezinto ezibonakalayo okwakubaluleke kakhulu kanye ingxenye umuntu. Nokho, le ncwadi namanje lapho, futhi hhayi kuphela ikhava wako wenziwe isikhumba womuntu, kodwa wonke amakhasi.

Leli Bhayibheli ingenye endala, ngemva ukuhlolisisa ngokucophelela, abacwaningi bathola usuku okucishe indalo yayo - lesithathu AD leminyaka. Ngeshwa, hhayi umlando uye walondoloza yiluphi ulwazi mayelana umbhali we ncwadi futhi umuntu obabenza isikhumba incwadi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abacishe babe ngu-sangomhla nemibhalo eqoshiwe eziye zatholwa abavubukuli Afrika nabomdabu Australia. Futhi sisetshenziswa ezintweni antropodermichesky kanye kanye izincwadi zeBhayibheli iholwa uhlu lwethu isikhumba womuntu.

Ikhulu nesikhombisa: ukuthuthukiswa imithi

Kuze kube manje, cishe izincwadi on kwesikhumba womuntu, wenza ekhulwini lesikhombisa, usosayensi othile owaziwa kahle. Lezi zezinhlobo ezingavamile ngezikhathi ezithile ezitholakala ezazilapho noma ezizimele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lwaya nge izincwadi ezinjalo kuhlobane ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa wezokwelapha.

Ngekhulu lesikhombisa, lo isayensi wenze enye impumelelo ngemva kwenye, futhi phakathi bendawo kunyuke isibalo sabantu ngubani ngokuzithandela ezinikelwe umzimba wakhe ngemva kokufa for ucwaningo lwesayensi. Lemigwamanda zazisetshenziselwa cwaningo eningiliziwe mayelana komzimba womuntu, kodwa lesikhumba, engenamsebenzi lodokotela, ngokungazelelwe zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengendlela cover noma ubophezela azibhala wezokwelapha.

Ekuqaleni ishicilelwe kule fomu amabhuku kuphela ngezihloko yezokwelapha, kodwa ke ayelapho amaqoqo zomthetho ngisho umthetho esontweni lamaKatolika.

umcwaningi Incwadi lesikhumba

It hhayi kudala kwatholakala ikhophi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi engavamile yencwadi zesikhumba womuntu. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga leli qoqo zingezona ezibonakalayo lwezihloko ngumthetho iSpanishi, kodwa izisebenzi bakhangwa kancane engavamile umbala esibophezelayo Umbhalo ekhaveni, esishoyo ukuthi lolu hlobo eyenziwe a antropodermicheskogo impahla. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kaningana eyenziwa waqinisekisa le nguqulo nazo cacisa kwakuhileleke izimo ezingavamile okwaholela ukubukeka yale ncwadi.

Iqiniso lokuthi e-namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu lesikhombisa othile Dzhonas Rayt waqhubeka uhambo lwabo oluyingozi ukuze Afrika. Wahlela uhlole amanye ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala, kodwa wabanjwa, lidliwe ngamazinyane amazimuzimu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile induna yesizwe wanquma ukuphindela abanye abacwaningi izimpahla zakhe zomuntu siqu, efakwe kuyo kanye isikhumba, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe abomdabu wenqaba ukudla. Phakathi kwezinto kwaba incwadi endala futhi bakhathale kancane umthetho Spanish, okuyinto ingenye Jonas Wright wanquma ukusonta lonke isikhumba umphenyi.

Revolution French: An Introduction to fashion imikhiqizo isikhumba womuntu

Ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili kwaphawulwa uchungechunge lwezenzakalo enobudlova eYurophu. Nsuku zonke e-Paris wabulawa ambalwa abantu abangenayo nethuba lokumngcwaba emzimbeni. Leli qiniso kuye kwaholela ukuvulwa nineties kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili eFrance, inhloko-dolobha imboni encane ku womshini isikhumba womuntu. Kusukela yathela imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene okuyinto aristocrats wathenga up in kweso. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ehlonishwa kakhulu futhi imfashini phakathi abangane bakhe aziqhayise a Bagatelle ezingavamile futhi kuyabiza kakhulu enjalo.

Lokhu ezinkulukazi, ngezindinganiso yomuntu yesimanje, futhi lo mkhuba waqhubeka yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kuphela manje lokuthi isikhumba uba umbulali, wabulawelwa ubugebengu eziningi, futhi labo sizibangela wakhetha ukunika ingxenye yena ngemva kokufa kwezinye abantu. Indaba owaziwa ngensizwa ezivela eRussia, okuyinto emva ukulimala bahlupheka ukunqunywa esandleni. Wabuza odokotela ukususa isikhumba kusukela ngezitho zakhe, futhi ngemva ukugqoka kwaba impahla ngoba ngibopha futhi ihlanganisa iqoqo izinkondlo ingoma yakhe siqu. Le ncwadi engavamile, wanika intombazane, owawungumnyaka uthando unrequited iminyaka embalwa.

Incwadi lesikhumba Piper

Ngo namathathu banesifo esibi sokukhohlwa nesishiyagalolunye piper ekhulwini kusukela waseNgilandi okuthiwa George Cudmore wabulawa ngenxa lokubulala unkosikazi wakhe. Awu bandla ukuthi wadliswa ushevu nge-arsenic ne-prikopalis engadini. Skin Cudmore wathenga omunye abathengisi abacebe izincwadi futhi walenza ubophezela iqoqo izinkondlo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi incwadi ukuhlonza owayenguyise impahla donor antropodermicheskogo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ubugebengu kwaholela nasekufeni kwakhe emigodini ejele.

sezinkanyezi isipho

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, aphila futhi wasebenza sezinkanyezi ethandwa isikhathi sakhe esiningi eFrance. Camille Flammarion - ukuthi igama lakhe - ishicilele eziningi amaphepha kocwaningo lwakhe zafundwa amadoda hhayi kuphela, kodwa izintokazi futhi abafundile.

Izincwadi zakhe babé wenduduzo kubantu Countess esifayo sofuba. Yena ngokuvamile ukuphazanyiswa ekuguleni kwakhe ngokufunda imisebenzi Flammarion, ngakho umbhali washiyela isikhumba sakhe ngemva kokufa.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, isazi sezinkanyezi ongakaze umbone ngisho intombazane, kodwa yamukelekile ukuthi isipho sakhe. Incwadi yakhe esilandelayo senziwa ibe ikhava lesikhumba we Countess French. Ngemuva kwaba oqoshiwe othi lesi senzakalo wenziwe lesikhumba abesifazane.

Umlando ka nomphangi

Emhlabeni Maphakathi nekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kwakukhona indaba ongaziwa, ngenxa okuyinto kunenye incwadi esuka isikhumba womuntu. gangster American Dzheyms Allen wahlala ngezithukuthuku abantu abanalo. Kodwa ngolunye usuku, omunye isisulu wakwazi amnike ukumelana namandla futhi, naphezu inxeba lomuntu odutshuliwe, isigebengu kwaholela esiteshini samaphoyisa.

Uma ejele, James waqala ukuloba Umlando wakhe futhi washiyela ngemva kokufa ukusebenzisa isikhumba sakhe ngoba ngibopha yabo. Ngisho ezingalindelekile esengeziwe zonke kwaba iqiniso lokuthi lokhu Ngokwesibonelo engavamile, isephulamthetho ngeke, kwadingeka ukuba uthole abantu ebambekile Allen.

izinkondlo esikisela ucansi

Omunye izimo edume kakhulu izincwadi kusukela isikhumba womuntu okulotshwe yoma ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. It lunikezelwe Spanish izinkondlo ovusa inkanuko futhi okwamanje elondolozwe ku Bailey Library.

On incwadi ngokwayo ithi basisebenzisa njengeHholo ikhava impahla ilungu isikhumba omunye izizwe zabomdabu asebethathe ukuligcina ngemva kokufa izihlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhaya ngamunye zanqwabelana isamba elanele isikhumba, ngezinye izikhathi falling ngomgunyathi. Ukusuka lapho ithunyelwa workshop ahlukahlukene kulo lonke iplanethi.

Baphi amabhuku zesikhumba womuntu

Ngokumangalisayo, lezi zinto ingatholakala imitapo eminingi ezinkulu zomhlaba. Cabanga nje ukuthi incwadi kungathatha ezandleni yimuphi umfundi noma uchwepheshe emkhakheni othize ofuna bathuthukise amakhono abo.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-Harvard ezintathu izincwadi ezinjalo atholakele. Nokho, izisebenzi umtapo enyuvesi musa ngakususi ukuthi ngokoqobo kunabaningi. Yiqiniso, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngaphandle ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, okuyinto engenakwenzeka lokufeza nazo zonke izincwadi abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu ku-Harvard University. Ngokuthakazelisayo, zezinhlobo kusuka isikhumba womuntu umtapo abasebenzi abaqondile ukuwakhipha kusuka izimali zabo. Bayaqhubeka ikhishwe ebulawa abafundi.

It is eyaziwa ukuthi izincwadi ezifana agcinwa ku Observatory e Zhuvizii, Exeter Library kanye Boston Isikhwama etemibhalo. Sicabanga ukuthi lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele izindawo lapho ungathola zezinhlobo ezingavamile antropodermicheskogo impahla. abaqoqi Abaningi yangasese neze ukukhuluma ngengcebo yakhe, ngakho kufihlakele emhlabeni.

Ukusuka kunoma iliphi sendatshana kuyacaca ukuthi incwadi zesikhumba womuntu - engokoqobo, hhayi inganekwane noma izinganekwane. Kungakhathaliseki indlela esiphatha ngayo lesi simo, kwaba khona ukuphila wawobaba amakhulu eminyaka futhi iyaqhubeka nokuba khona kuze kube yilolu suku. Nakuba abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinto kakhulu ukubeka eminyuziyamu unganaki umtapo emashalofini kude bonke abantu abayizinjinga.