Ibrahim Hannibal: Biography, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, izithombe

Iqiniso ukuthi Tsar uPetru ngase enkantolo, "Negro", wonke umuntu uyazi. Kulotshiwe yizincwadi izincwadi, othi Pushkin esikhulu owalandela izinhlobo waba elayinini yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi immortalized igama ukhokho yayo isimanga ngokubhala inoveli, enesihloko esithi "Arap Petra Elikhulu." Igama lakhe kwakungu-Ibrahim uHannibal.

biography

Lapho ngo 1697 lapho wayeyindodana nesishiyagalolunye, akekho nakukucabanga emkhayeni isikhulu Abyssinian, lokho phetho emangalisayo enawulungiselelwa kuye ukuphila. Ngiseyingane, umfana wathunyelwa eConstantinople, ukuze egcekeni Turkish Sultan njengoba ukwethembeka kalowo esizweni sakhe. Kukhona esizayo Russian unjiniyela lempi Hannibal Abrama Petrovich wayeyinceku ku seraglio. Izazi-mlando ezingamaGreki cabanga version ozwakalayo kakhulu. Nakuba more umsuka esiqondile "Negro" kaPetru, eyaziwa ngokuthi Ibrahim uHannibal namanje ukuqagulisana futhi izazi-mlando nezingqapheli ethnographers. Ngisho umbhali Vladimir Nabokov wayebheke emzini ukhokho ka Pushkin kweqiniso. Nguye wasikisela ukuba Gannibal Abrama Petrovich, biography kabani iDemo - kungcono nje legend kusungulwe kuye, ngengozi wenza eRussia nesikhundla emphakathini. Njengoba sifika endaweni ethile egcekeni, "Negro" yasungulwa yena isihlahla umndeni esihle. Nakuba empeleni, u-Ibrahim Hannibal kwaba umfana ezivamile futhi rootless ubani okuthi ngemva kokuba eyebiwe eCameroon, kuyiqiniso alethwe Turkey, lapho kudayiselwa kombusi ku seraglio.

Russia - ikhaya lesibili

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, yisikhathi eseNkosi uPeter, ngubani, wayejabula kakhulu zonke izinhlobo curiosities, wanquma agcwalisa iqoqo ngendlela original kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, imfashini yaseYurophu ladluliselwa e okugcwele "umfana omnyama". Beautiful black umfana egqoke izinto zokubhukuda ngokucebile efekethisiwe, cishe njalo ibhola noma idili izikhulu kanye ngisho namakhosi babekhonza yezikhulu. Yingakho uPetru phathelana kakhulu lifuna wamthola "arapchonka". Lo msebenzi kuyinto egcekeni wathelisa inxusa Russian eConstantinople. Yena yakhetha zonke izixhumanisi Yiqiniso ukuthi kwaba khona esigodlweni Turkish. Futhi eyathengwa ngu Ibrahim uHannibal kabani biography ishintshile kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuhambisa enkantolo Russian

Waqala kanjalo-ke esinye uhambo black umfana omncane kude futhi abandayo hot ezweni ohlala Petersburg. Petru Skitalets bathandile ikakhulukazi ingqondo yakhe ephapheme, inkosi adunyiswe quickness bakhe, futhi "ukuthambekela wesayensi ahlukahlukene." Kancane esekhulile, Ibrahim Hannibal waqala ukudlala hhayi kuphela indima inceku valet umbusi waseRussia, kodwa ngisho nonobhala wakhe. Kuze 1716 Arap, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba nenkosi zaziya ozithandayo yakhe, futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkantolo Russian kwakukhona ezinye izinceku eziningi black.

impilo entsha

Shono ngazizwa uPeter Omkhulu. Yena wayehlakaniphe cishe yonke into, ngisho zako eccentricities. Lapho iqaphela ku "omnyama umfana" intelligence ngokuzimisela okukhulu, umbusi zanquma ukubathumela uNobhala balo obuvuthiwe Paris, ngakho wafunda isayensi lezempi. Ngaleso sikhathi e-Europe, ngemiyalo yezikhulu uPetru waqondisa eziningi boyars, noma izingane yezikhulu - "greenhorns" ongazange afune ukufunda utho, ngokuvamile ngaphezu "Inhlonipho" noma ukuminza ngenye engakathenjiswa umshado emazweni aphesheya. Ibrahim Hannibal futhi wathunyelwa Europe uPetru sengathi ngobuzenzisi yalezi loafers zasebukhosini. Inkosi yayifuna ukuwabonisa ukuthi umsebenzi onzima nokukhuthala sciences, ngisho kusukela kule enonya Afrika bazokwazi ukwenza abantu abafundile - isikhulu sikahulumeni.

Futhi uPetru wayengeyona iphutha: i- "arapchonok" abasebasha bahlangana okulindelwe esiphambanweni. Kusukela manje, ogama lakhe lalingu-Gannibal Abrama Petrovich. Wazalelwa godson ayesanda kuluthola kaKesari kuwo wonke amadokhumenti imakwe evamile - 1697. Patronymic "Petrovich 'wabamukela ngoba uPetru mina, ngubani uqobo ukubhapathizwa kwakhe. Ngesikhathi Court Russian "arapchonok" ukwamukela ukholo lobuKristu, wayengumuntu igama waseBhayibhelini - Abrahama, igama kwesokunxele Hannibal yokudumisa winner kwamaRoma umlawuli abadumile waseCarthage. Kukho konke lokhu, izazi-mlando eziye wazibona omunye kaPetru ngokuhlakanipha: i-emperor wafuna izinto zakhe ezisencane ozithandayo izinto ezinkulu.

ukuqeqeshwa

Evela ERussia Gannibal Abrama Petrovich, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako kusukela manje kwashintsha kakhulu, ngahamba incwadi evela uPetru mina mathupha iNkosana de Menou. Lesi sakamuva wayehlobene ka uLouis XV futhi wayala yonke wezikhali wasebukhosini. Ngo godson yakhe uMbusi wayeqinisile. Nsizwa kanzima wafundiswa Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona ubunjiniyela, wafunda kuqhubeke futhi izinqaba. Wathweswa iziqu ukuyoqeqeshelwa ukulwa ngo-elisezingeni wezikhali induna. "Kwenzeni umkhuba" sasiqhutshelwa empini Spanish, lapho wabonisa isibindi futhi owalimala.

umsebenzi Early

Le ndlela yokufunda kwaba ngokunembile iqiniso lokuthi Tsar Russian wayefuna ukubona kwezilwane. Peter yafuna isilwane sakhe emuva eRussia kodwa Ibrahim uHannibal konke "Wanamathela" okungazelelwe Paris. Idolobha uthando nenduduzo ngokujulile bayengelwa bayifaka inethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-black handsome wayemuhle "uye amehlo" washada Countess abadala. Wabe eseyiyenga Ibrahim, alwa romance ngesivunguvungu, okuyinto kusimangaze kakhulu abantu abaningi emhlabeni waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indaba sezizakuphela e ehlazweni. I Countess, wakhulelwa, wabeletha. Futhi, njengoba kungase kulindeleke, ke wazalwa ... ingane abamnyama. Nehlazo ukuthi obugcwele phezulu, nakuba kunzima. Umyeni samanje - igrafu ukuthi musa usola umbuso unkosikazi, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa wathunyelwa kude, futhi esikhundleni black ukubeka imbeleko ezimhlophe, abathengwé umndeni ezinye abampofu. Lokhu izinyane efanayo wamnikela "ezandleni ezinhle" imfundo.

Riddle abamnyama "arapchonka"

Lavelaphi, engaqondakali Ibrahim Hannibal? Kwakuyini ngempela ukuphila komuntu, ngakho kungalindelekile saphakama umlando Russia? Mangisho ukuthi lena akuyona indlela yayibizwa echazwe yakhe umqondisi wamabhayisikobho Mitt. Indlela empeleni bheka Gannibal Abrama Petrovich? Ake ubone ngeso lengqondo ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, alikho, kodwa Paris National Museum kukhona portrait, okuyinto evame isibaluli abasha godson Velikogo Petra. Ngokuvamile, umuntu osithwe izimfihlakalo eziningi. Okokuqala, umculi owadala portrait, yazalwa eminyakeni eyishumi nesikhombisa ngemva kokufa Ibrahim, ngakho wayengakwazi ukumbona original.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho owaziyo ngalokho okwenzeka kuma-izibulo godson yenkosi, ngubani owazala Countess. Nakuba Pushkin ngolwazi omkhulu ukunakekelwa lokuqoqa ngokhokho babo emangalisayo, wabhala amazwi izihlobo zakhe. Ngakho-ke, ngokuqinisekile ukusho ukuthi umntwana namtjhana umuntu omkhulu kokusungulwa Alexander, akunakwenzeka. Iyodwa into esiqiniseka ngayo, Ibrahim Petrovich kwakungekho imicikilisho futhi akukho iziketi nokufuna. Umsebenzi wakhe ingaphezu enkonzweni ukhathazekile futhi isihlalo sobukhosi.

Ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi

Ukubuyela e-Russia, yena caressed uPetru, insizwa umaluju ngokuphelele enkonzweni yakhe. Waqhubeka ngemva ekufeni kwesiphambano. Ubude Ibrahim Hannibal ngasinda ababusi abayisikhombisa Russian futhi empresses. Fight akasakuthandi kwadingeka. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, godson kaPetru eyakhelwe echwebeni, izinqaba nezikhali, wahola imisebenzi izinqaba ezakhiweni eziningi ezidumile njengoba Petrine nesikhathi postpetrovskoy, kuhlanganise Kronstadt futhi Paul Fortress.
Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, Gannibal Abrama Petrovich, ozalo namanje ukuqoqa izinto ngaye, futhi wabona ihlazo, ngisho ekudingisweni emfushane eSiberia. Kodwa wayenesihe kude egcekeni baqhubeka ukwakha. Lapho ebuya ekuthunjweni, waphinda wakwazi ukuzuza isikhundla nengcebo. Isiqongo kwenkonzo yakhe, godson kaPetru safinyelela iNdlovukazi Elizabeth. Ngo 1759 yena yanikezelwa erenki eliphakeme lempi Jikelele-in-Chief, no-Aleksandru iribhoni esifubeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waba ahole Corps of Engineers ngaphansi kombusi. nokuhlola enjalo eliphezulu impumelelo yayo phezu Empress kwaba Gannibal Abrama Petrovich.

umndeni

ukuphila Siqu kwakusala kude bushelelezi ngisho. ubudlelwane Alien engenangqondo, wafika umshado njengesibopho isidingo esisebenzayo - ngenjongo ukuzala. Lapho Ibrahim Hannibal ngo-1731-m kuhlanganiswe ngomshado wokuqala, uPetru wayengomunye ayisekho eceleni kwakhe. Moor wakhethwa omunye Dioper lokuqala lesiGreki - indodakazi induna imikhumbi abagwedli. UBaba ngokwakhe eyingoduso Evdokia ngaye, nakuba yayineminyaka engu-umkhwenyane nguye abamnyama, kodwa phakathi kwababusi futhi ecebile. Kodwa ngeke kuqhubeke isikhathi eside bajabula umkhaya ujabule Gannibal Abrama Petrovich. Umkakhe walithanda omunye. Wehlela emaphaseji futhi bephikisa intando yakhe, ngo-oda kayise. Chosen omunye inhliziyo yakhe waba uLieutenant Kaysarovich yena ziyahlanya othandweni. Emshadweni, yena ubuhlungu futhi, njengoba ayengakwenza, eziphindiselela engumyeni wakhe omnyama. Ngokushesha uHannibal, esethole "aphakeme 'isiqu, nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela emzini Pernau. Usuku Evdokia futhi Kaysarovicha ngempela wayeka, kodwa yena yashesha umthandi entsha - umqhubi abasha Yakov Shishkov. Futhi ngokushesha umkakhe wakhulelwa. Hannibal lalibheke phambili indodana yakhe, kodwa wazalwa intombazane emhlophe. Futhi nakuba lokhu kwenzeka futhi uma imishado exubile, umyeni Nokho yathukuthela yagana unwabu. Yena ngesihluku eshaya umkakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, edelelwa Ibrahim akazange ayeke: ukuboshwa imbuka wenziwa ekamelweni sokuhlushwa. Waphothula Evdokia ukuphila kwakhe esigodlweni.

Ibrahim ayihlalanga wedwa. Ngokushesha umakoti wakhe omusha eyingoduso. Manje kwase kuyindodana German Christina von Shaberg. Njengoba indodakazi isikhulu ibutho Pernovskogo, yena kubhekwa ukuba ukhokho ka Pushkin - imbongi, eyayibonakala elixutshwe Afrika, igazi Russian nesiJalimane. Ngo 1736-m Ibrahim Hannibal okwesibili washada ngokusemthethweni. Nokho, kusenzima akunakwenzeka ukukhipha isehlukaniso nge Evdokia, ngakho eminyakeni embalwa, Ibrahim Petrovich kwaba bigamist. kwesikhundla sakhe esiphakeme kuphela avunyelwe ukugwema kungamanyala futhi, yebo, inkathazo ephathelene nayo. Ekugcineni, isehlukaniso nge Evdokia wakwazi ukukhipha kuphela emva kweminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa - e 1753.

inzalo

Ibrahim somshado uChristina wayenguFakazi okuhlala ngokwedlulele futhi kwande. Bona-ke wayenamadodakazi amane namadodana amahlanu. Gannibal Abrama Petrovich, abanezingane uyabanda omnyama noma amnyama kakhulu, futhi ngajabula emshadweni wakhe wesibili. Kodwa esizukulwaneni yesibili - abazukulu - kancane kancane bangenwa European ngebala lesikhumba izici zobuso German. Ngokuvamile, ingxube Afrika amakhaza esintinyelayo wegazi German ayithelanga imiphumela emangalisa. Phakathi inzalo ka Hannibal babe ezimhlophe futhi okwesibhakabhaka uneso, noma, noma emnyama uneso elilodwa futhi abanebala elinsundu. Enye yamadodana akhe - Osip - wakhonza Navy. Washada indodakazi Tambov umbusi. Kule umshado wazalwa indodakazi ebukekayo - Ngethemba ukuthi ekukhanyeni isidlaliso "Creole amahle." Yena kwakufanele izinwele ezimnyama namehlo yellow entendeni - uphawu zezakhi zofuzo Afrika. Ngo 1796 "Creole enhle" washada uLieutenant othobekile Izmailovskii Sergeya Lvovicha Pushkina ibutho, futhi 1799 bathola indodana - Alexander, imbongi omkhulu esikhathini esizayo, ogama Umkhulu kwaba Gannibal Abrama Petrovich.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kuyaziwa ngomnikelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni godson yakhe uPetru amazambane ezweni lethu. Okokuqala imibhede namazambane, njengoba yaziwa, uvele eRussia uMbusi kuqala. Petr Veliky lokhu isiko ezikhulayo Strelna, enethemba ukuyisebenzisa njengoba isitshalo okwelapha. UCatherine II okufanayo, becabanga ukuthi "apula engowenhlabathi" ingasetshenziswa eminyakeni mafutha, esiphathiswe uHannibal abajwayele lesi sitshalo, zama ukwenza zizalela amazambane Manor. Farmstead "Suyda", enomnikazi Ibrahim, yayiyindawo kuqala emhlabathini Russian, okuyinto uqala ukuvela ekuqaleni encane bese emasimini enkulu itshalwe nge yaleli kwezitshalo. Ibrahim Hannibal wabhala Umlando wakhe, futhi isiFulentshi, kodwa ekupheleni ukuphila kwakhe abachithile.

Yini eyayingavamile isimo sakhe enqabeni. Ngo-1743, lapho wakunikela ingxenye emzaneni wabo okuthiwa Ragoli Ukuqashwa kwamaviki isizinda Tirenu, akufaka encwadini yesivumelwano ezinye amazing amaphuzu isikhathi, ezifana evimbela kuhlawuliswa maqondana abalimi, ukwanda efakwe ngaphambi imithetho serfdom, nokunye. D. A lapho lo profesa wazihlephula, uHannibal unqamule sivumelwano enkantolo. Inqubo kuye kwabangela izinxushunxushu phakathi abalimi, ngubani Ngokombono wabo, kufanele ziye zatholakala isizinda icala Tyrena ukuthi ngaphansi komthetho wendawo awacatshangwa. Abrama Hannibal wakwazi ukunqoba inqubo, kodwa empeleni wenza abalimi Estonia. Ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni serfdom eRussia umninindlu futi lokho wawajezisa futhi babhaxabulwa abalimi, ayelidelela kwezinkambiso ezimisiwe serfdom.

Kuze kube manje, biography of Hannibal eziningi ezingaziwa. Le nguqulo yendabuko yomsuka nendawo umuntu azalelwa exhumene UPitrosi Moor ne-Abyssinia - enyakatho waseTopiya. Kodwa ucwaningo lwamuva ukuthi kwadingeka Sorbonne iziqu Beninese Slavic Dieudonné Gnammank, nombhali "Abrama Hannibal", kungaziwa ukuthi kwakuyisifo sini njengoba emzini umngcele yesimanje of Chad no Cameroon. Kukhona yake kwaba sultanate Logon ubuzwe Kotoko. Futhi lokho uyinzalo ukuthi impucuko, ngokuvumelana umbhali, futhi kwaba uHannibal.

Ukuphela ukuphila

Iningi inzalo godson sikaPeter izizukulwane lokuqala nelesibili - eside livers. Ngokwakhe umsunguli leli gama elikhulu wafa eneminyaka engu-ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili lapho efelwa umkakhe bakhe abaqotho, uChristine. Waphuma e 1761 esathatha umhlalaphansi, wacitsa ukuphila kwelinye izigodi eziningi ubumfihlo ngokuphelele.