Rzhevskaya impi phakathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Lapho sizwa izwi "impi", sinalo kuphakama imicabango impi ku noma iyiphi inkundla, lapho emini isinqunyiwe okuyinto kwabazabalazayo kuyoba wokunqoba. La magama ejwayelene futhi kuyaqondakala. Kodwa Rzhevskaya impi wayehlukile. It lwalumboze esiningi nge kwakugcwele izimpi kuleminyaka emibili edlule.

ukusebenza Rzhev- Vyazemskaya

Uzimele isikhathi Ezivamile, okuyinto wathatha Battles of Rzhev (8 Januwari 1942-31 March 1943). Phakathi nalezo zinsuku kwaba nezikhathi eziningi ezolile noma impi positional, lapho amabutho angawenzanga ukuhlaselwa.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1942, amabutho aseSoviet wakwazi ukwenqaba amabutho Wehrmacht kusuka eMoscow. Kodwa esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo, okuyinto eyaba omunye izenzakalo ezibalulekile ngemva nje kwempi, baqhubeka. Ukukala yafuna kunakho konke ayengabenzela yi. Lisendaweni German ibutho "Isikhungo" iqembu.

amabutho aseSoviet e-West Kalinin Front kwakufanele ehlukana, ukuba azungeze futhi ababhubhise ukuthi amandla. Ezinsukwini lokuqala luka-January esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo, eziqala inombolo 8, konke wayehamba ngokohlelo. Unkosikazi wakwazi ukuziqaqa Vereya, Kirov, Mozhaisk, Medyn, Sukhinichi futhi Lyudinovo. I izimfanelo ukuze usike "Isikhungo" ku amaqembu amaningana angawodwa.

ezizungeze

Nokho, inani 19 idluliselwe izici zomdlavuza ngemiyalo yezikhulu Iosifa Stalina we amabutho ahlaselayo. Ikakhulu, i-1st Shock Army Kuznetsova wathunyelwa Novgorod Region ngaphansi Demyansk futhi 16 Army Rokossovsky wathuthela eningizimu. Lokhu kakhulu ziyancipha lolu daka we amasosha aseSoviet. I izingxenye ezisele nje akazange abe imithombo ukuqedela ukusebenza. lulahlekile isinyathelo.

Ekupheleni kuka-January, wathunyelwa ngaphansi Rzhev 33rd Army iphansi kwesandla sika-Efrayimi. Lezi zingcezu futhi bazama ukuphulukundlela khona izivikelo isitha, kodwa ekugcineni bazithola ezungezwe. Ngo-April 33rd lachithwa futhi Mikhail Efremov ukuzibulala.

ukusebenza Soviet kuhlulekile. Ngokusho izibalo ezisemthethweni, ukulahlekelwa zaba abantu 776 000, iningi labo 272 000 bashone. Kusukela 33rd Army Kwagqashuka we encirclement ezimbalwa, amasosha t. E. 889.

Ukulwa for Rzhev

Summer of 1942 Izinga umise umsebenzi umuzi e-Kalinin esifundeni. Okokuqala kwaba Rzhev. Ukuze ibhizinisi futhi wathatha ibutho nezimpi ezimbili - Kalinin (General Konev) kanye West (General Zhukov).

Julayi 30 baqala ecasula Soviet esilandelayo. Engafani kancane kakhulu. Ngamunye wadlula futhi aqhephukile isiqephu sezwe lezinkulungwane zabantu. Kakade ezinsukwini lokuqala ukusebenza ukuze Rzhev kwaba amakhilomitha 6 kuphela. Nokho, kwathatha cishe inyanga ukulwa zibayise.

Umuzi ephethwe ukuza kuphela ekupheleni Agasti. Kwakubonakala sengathi Rzhevskaya mpi babekade iwine. Kube wavunyelwa ngisho ukuvuma ngaphambili abameleli ezisemthethweni umongameli American, okwadingeka ukuba sibheke ukunqoba Soviet. Rzhev sathathwa ngomhlaka 27 Septhemba. Nokho, iRed Army sahlala khona izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kwakukhona some azowalekelela isiJalimane, okuyinto sahlala komuzi mhlaka-1 Okthoba.

Enye okuhlaselayo Soviet yaphela ngo lutho. Ukulahleka impi ye Rzhev kule nkathi zaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-300, okusho ukuthi. E. 60% of the izisebenzi iRed Army kule phambi.

Operation "Mars"

Kakade ekupheleni ekwindla-ekuqaleni ebusika ke ehlelelwe omunye umzamo ukuze ifohle ekumeleleni "Isikhungo". Lesi sikhathi, kwanqunywa ukuthi ukuhlasela kuzokwenzeka kulezo zindawo lapho ingakamiswa athathwe. Lawa kwakungamadodana izindawo ephakathi kwemifula Gzhat futhi Osugi, kanye eduze nedolobhana Young Tud. Kube kwabantu kulencane yezigaba German.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo myalo washintshwa ababezama ukudukisa isitha ukuphambukisa Wehrmacht kusukela kwaseStalingrad, lapho kulezi zinsuku kuza izinsuku okubucayi izimpi.

Lama-39 Army ephethwe ukuphoqelela Tud abasha kanye 1st ngomshini Corps ehlaselwa isitha amayunithi armored ngasedolobheni White. Kodwa kwaba yimpumelelo yesikhashana. Kakade ekuqaleni ngoDisemba, balwe German imise amasosha aseSoviet futhi wabhidliza Army 20. Zabulawa elindelwe kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili: 2 Guards Cavalry futhi Tank 6th.

Ngo-December 8 ku ngemuva zalezi zenzakalo Georgy Zhukov waphikelela ngokuthi ukusebenza "Mars" (igama lekhodi) uye uqalisiwe ngomfutho ovuselelwe. Kodwa ayikho neyodwa kulezi imizamo ukuze ifohle umugqa isitha okuziphendulela asiphothulwanga ngempumelelo. Amasosha iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Khozina, Yushkevich futhi Zygina kuhlulekile. Abaningi kwaphinde ezungezwe. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, inani amasosha aseSoviet owafa ngesikhathi uyahluka 70 no-100 eziyinkulungwane. Battles of Rzhev ngo-1942 futhi akazange ulethe ukunqoba eside elindelwe.

Operation "Byuffel"

Ngo izimpi odlule edala okuthiwa Rzhevskij kwelivi okuyinto kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa amabutho aseJalimane. Kwakuyisikhathi kwesigaba nangavikelekile phambi - ukuba azungeze kuye kwaba elula. Ikakhulukazi ngokucijile kwaba sobala ngemva amabutho aseSoviet wathatha umuzi likaLuka Omkhulu, ngoJanuwari 1943.

Kurt Tseyttsler futhi lonke umyalo Wehrmacht uba lukhuni ukubuza Hitler ukugunyaza ukuhoxiswa amabutho. Ekugcineni, wavuma. Amabutho kwakufanele kungahoxiswa emigqeni endaweni yedolobha Dorogobuzh. Lubhekele ekufezeni lo msebenzi thi okwakubaluleke ngokufanayo, uLieutenant General Walter Model. Iplani kwakungukuthi ikhodi-okuthiwa "Büffel", okuhunyushwa kusuka German ngokuthi "inyathi".

Ukuthatha Rzhev

Kuncono sokuhoxisa amabutho amaJalimane bavunyelwa nokuba baphume projection cishe lossless. Mashi 30 isosha lokugcina kwamaNazi ngemuka, okuyinto wahlaselwa ngoba ngaphezu konyaka. Wehrmacht agodliwe edolobheni elingenalutho kanye emzaneni: inyamazane, Gzhatsk, Mhlophe, Vyazma. Bonke ezathathwa ibutho laseSoviet ngo-March 1943 ngaphandle kokulwa.

Zabulawa ngabomvu Rzhev. Wadedelwa Mashi 3. Okokuqala bangena emzini 30 Army, okuyinto eyenziwa kule mboni isikhathi eside futhi zinabantu cishe kusuka ekuqaleni ngemva izimpi wezimpi ezalandela. Yaphela kanjalo-ke i-Battles of Rzhev 1942 1943. impumelelo Strategic kuye kwaholela yokuthi eMpini Yezwe II isinyathelo waphinda iyiswe eSoviet Union.

ekujaheni isitha

Ibutho laseSoviet uyasala Rzhev futhi kwaqala ukuqala yashesha izikhundla kwesokunxele amaJalimane. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-March ephethwe ukusunduza front line entshonalanga kuwo kwenye amakhilomitha 150. Nokuxhumana amabutho aseSoviet ngelulwa. Vanguard siqhele ezingemuva futhi eseduze. Ukukhuthaza alibale ukuqala ncibilika kwazo nemigwaqo emibi.

Lapho amaJalimane wemba Dorogobuzh wesifunda, kwaba sobala ukuthi ibutho kwabantu ngeke siphumelele, kanye iRed Army kumisiwe. Ngakusasa intuthuko enkulu kuzokwenzeka ehlobo, lapho kuphelile Battle of eKursk.

Isiphetho Rzhev. Kubonakala isiko

Ngobusuku obandulela neMpi Yezwe II wayehlala emzini abantu abayizinkulungwane 56. City wachitha izinyanga ezingu-17 e-umsebenzi, phakathi ngalo yadilizwa. bendawo noma babalekela ngayizolo, noma zazifile neziphathimandla German. Lapho ibutho laseSoviet yakhululwa edolobheni Mashi 3, 1943, kwasala abantu abangenacala abalinganiselwa ku-150.

Ngokuphathelene nezilinganiso umonakalo isamba iRed Army isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ka ukulwa, Marshal Viktor Kulikov, lesi sibalo uvukile abantu abangaphezu kuka-1 million.

Battles of Rzhev kwesokunxele cishe ngo-300 uyasinda ngamamitha, lapho phambi izimpi avelaphi 5500. Ngemva kwempi kwathiwa futhi wavuselela cishe kusuka ekuqaleni.

izimpi Bloody futhi ukulahlekelwa omkhulu ziyabonakala kumemori zabantu futhi ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi yobuciko. inkondlo Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "Ngabulala ngaphansi Rzhev" ubhekwa edume kunazo. ezikhumbuzo Abaningi has Tver esifundeni. Battles of Rzhev, Museum--panorama lomcimbi - konke namanje edonsela inqwaba izivakashi. Edolobheni elifanayo ngaphezu kukhona Obelisk yesikhumbuzo.