Imfundo US njengoba isimo: incekukazi abanikazi lwela amalungelo

imfundo US njengoba isimo kwaba kuphela ekhulwini XVIII. IsiNqumo lesi of Independence - idokhumenti main, okuyinto Ubala. Yayisayinwe 4 Julayi 1776. Ngo-Russia, kusekhona inganekwane ukuthi uCatherine II ithengiswe Alaska e-United States. Nokho, nakuba US kuphela nje sekwakhiwe kwisimo esisodwa. Akukho lapho izandiso ngaleso sikhathi akekho owacabanga. Julayi 4 kwaba Day Independence e-United States. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela States ekufunisisa uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

sphere American kwethonya

imfundo US njengoba isimo waya kwelinye izwe isikhathi eside. Ekhulwini XVI, endaweni esizayo lalihlala amaNdiya endawo. Kamuva baqala ukuthutha lapha baseYurophu, eziningi zazo okwakungeze izigcwelegcwele ababebalekela ushushiso emazweni akubo. Futhi kwabantu bokuqala abaningi angakhuluma-Old-Europe. Ezwekazini entsha, base befuna injabulo nengcebo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, baseYurophu kahle cishe sonke zwekazi. Yonke indawo wase-United States esizayo, ngaphandle Alaska, lahlukaniswa laba ayezozibusa mazwe amathathu ukuze isize ekunqandeni izingxabano yezempi. Britain baya Atlantic coast waseFrance - esifundeni Lakes, Spain - lwasePacific, Florida, Texas.

Nokho, akubona bonke amakoloni kungaba kuncike kwemibuso yamakoloni. UK States kuqhathaniswa London. Kodwa kulula ngakho ukubavumela akekho wayehamba. waqala Impi.

Olusheshayo (1775-1783): izimbangela

Enye yezimpi zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho endaweni eNyakatho neMelika iyimpi sokuzibusa. Kwakunezizathu ezizwakalayo abaningi ngoba:

• Metropolis ingeyamakhosi States kuphela njengoba ezindaweni kukhishwe ingcebo.
• ENgilandi akhishelwe khona izinto zokusetshenziswa: uboya ukotini kanye yezimpahla ezithengwa esiphelele. Amakoloni ayenqatshelwe ukudala manufactory ukukhiqiza izindwangu, izinto zensimbi, ukuhweba namanye amazwe.
• Abakhi bamakoloni ayenqatshelwe ukuthuthela entshonalanga Allegheny ezintabeni, njengoba ekuphathweni ayikwazanga ukunweba usithonye.
• Ilokhu okwandisa izintela ezahlukene, izimali. Ngakho, ngo-1765 kwaba khona omunye duty isitembu. Ngokusho kwakhe ngoba wonke amadokhumenti izitembu bakhokhele.

Iphuzu lokugcina ikakhulukazi babazi ziqondakala baseMelika. Uma babewaqondile ukuthi izintela ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni, duty isitembu wavula amehlo abo. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa okuphanga eziqondile bamakoloni. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo muzi omkhulukazi wayeya silondoloze ibutho 10 ayizinkulungwane. Man e Melika.

Umhlangano wokuqala we "samaDodana Freedom"

Leyo "nkululeko" kwaba credo eyinhloko bamakoloni. imfundo US njengoba isimo kwaba ngaphansi kwale iziqubulo. Ngo-1765, uya "Congress ngokumelene ukubuthwa isitembu" e-New York. It athuthukile idokhumenti - Simemetelo amalungelo amakoloni. Lesi sibonelo wezinsimbi zomculo ikusasa ukuzimela. Hhayi ngaphandle amasiko. "SamaDodana Liberty" ashisiwe ashisa imifanekiso wakubonakalisa izikhulu British. Omunye wabaholi kwaba Dzhon Adams - Ngokuzayo lesibili likamengameli-United States, elinye obaba owasungula isimo.

"Amadodana" wangena esikhundleni. England ngangesaba yesula ngo-1766 duty isitembu.

"Boston Tea Party", ekuqaleni le ngxabano

Nokho, izingcindezi zomnotho England emakoloni lalikhulela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngo-1770 kwafika Ukungqubuzana kuqala Boston phakathi kwamasosha nezakhamuzi. abantu 5 abulawa.

Lapha, 1773, umcimbi emlandweni liye labizwa ngokuthi "Boston Tea Party". Izakhamuzi, ezicashe amaNdiya, langena imikhumbi British ukuthi ayemkhulule batch enkulu itiye emakoloni, futhi ngiyilahle yonke umthwalo olwandle. Lonke coast ukuthi ababethi umbala omnyama lesi siphuzo.

Besabela kuleso simemo, eBrithani uthethe eziningi izinyathelo ezibucayi, okwaholela empini:

• Boston port kwathiwa avalekile.
• Massachusetts ophucwa Charter, futhi zonke izakhamuzi kuwo - ilungelo inhlangano, iphika.
• Umbusi wathola isimo Governor-Jikelele ngamalungelo umsebenzisi egcwele.
• izindlu zabahlali limenyezelwe mahhala billeting amasosha, ukungalaleli konke esichazwa njengesono ukukhashelwa futhi bajeziswe kanzima.

Ukudalwa Congress ngokuthi iBritish abaphathi izindlela

Ukuze Massachusetts bonke babengaphansi amakoloni waseBrithani. Ngo September no-October 1774 e-Philadelphia, 56 abameleli 12 uthi (konke ngaphandle Georgia) ngidalé lokuqala Continental weCongress. Kwaba khona abangu-oFata Sokuqala: uGeorge Washington, uSamuweli Dzhon Adamsy nabanye, Congress lokuvotelwa isimiso 'umbuso owodwa - ivoti elilodwa. ". It zamukela le "Ukuvezwa namalungelo nezidingo waleli koloni." Ukushintshwa kwalo kwabonisa indlela izimiso ezifana unelungelo lempilo, Nokho, inkululeko yokuzikhethela, futhi impahla, ilungelo nobulungisa fair, imibuthano ukuthula, imihlangano, nokunye. D. usuku olusemthethweni imfundo US kuyadingeka ngesikhathi Mayelana nokwenzeka kamuva, lesi senzakalo saphawula ukuqala ukuzimela.

Amakoloni zilungiselela impi

Congress wavusa umphakathi. Abaningi baye baqala ukulungiselela impi. Ngakho, Virginia nazo zonke izinqola kuvezwe England. Abasebenzi waqala ukwakha abezempi - Minutemen. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikomiti lamiswa - isikhungo ngokuba nokudidiyela zonke uthi empini ngokumelene archdiocese. imfundo US siyisimo elihlobene ne-impi olunegazi esizayo.

division of umphakathi

Umphakathi awuzange united endaweni rush ukuya empini neNgilandi. Kwakukhona abaningi kulabo uphikisa ke. Lonke Izwe lahlukaniswa laba Abasekeli ukuzimela ( "Whigs") kanye nezitha ( "Ya empumelelweni bese uhlala," "Loyalists"). Endaweni nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele iye yanquma ukungabi awukwazi ukungachemi kule ndaba. Kubo, kwaba ingxabano eyodwa kuphela nabantu baseYurophu. Nokho, wagcina ubufakazi we ukuzibandakanya kwezinye izizwe nhlangothi zombili.

Sasizakala izinceku isimo. Bona bakamalalahlengezela waqala ukusebenzisa kusuka emasimini abo, usebenzisa isiphithiphithi ukudideka. Izigqila shoka England esenana inkululeko. Nokho, wayesaba precedent ezingase liyochukuluza kokuvukela okwenzeka kwamanye amakoloni.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo, kodwa eziningi fighters ngokuba ukuzimela wamemezela umsebenzi okahle, inkululeko, ukulingana, futhi eqinisweni babe slaveholders ezinkulu.

YoMnyango Wezemfundo Usuku

Impi sokuzimela eyathatha iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi, kusukela 1775 kuya 1783. izimpi Abaningi baye baba phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu amaMelika kanye British, kwathatha ingxenye isiFulentshi, isiRashiya, iSpanishi. Bonke asekelwe amavukelambuso. Kule mpi siye ithuthukiswe iqhinga elisha - ukuqala okusheshayo uyilahla, lathathwa amaNdiya. Yayiphumelela emyalweni komugqa leBritain. Bamakoloni futhi wasebenzisa abaqamekeli, indawo emazombezombe, ehlaselwa ebusuku, futhi bekholelwa kulokho ezifihlekile. Ukuze lokhu ayikulungele amasosha aseBrithani iyunifomu obomvu, bajwayele ukulwa endaweni evulekile, ngaphansi izigubhu, mashi komugqa.

1776 - usuku imfundo US njengoba geqe, futhi kulolu suku Julayi neyaziwayo Usuku lokuzimela. Abakhi bamakoloni bayinqoba impi, futhi ekugcineni yokutholwa Declaration yalo, isekelwe ezimisweni lanamuhla eziyisisekelo yeningi.