Isiko elidala Russian, umsuka ivelaphi kanye nokuthuthukiswa

AmaSlav - kuba neqembu elikhulu labantu, okuyinto usesikhundleni nsimu enkulu eYurophu nase-Asia. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa nabasePoland, amaCzech namaRomany, baseBulgaria, amaSerbia, eCroatia, isiRashiya, Ukraine, Belarusians nabanye. Ngayinye yalezi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga has umlando walo namasiko ayo. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila isiko empumalanga lwamaSlav, isiRashiya, Belarusians nase-Ukraine.

Old isimo Russian waqala ukuthatha ukuma engxenyeni wangekhulu lesi-9 yesibili. Lawa kwakungamadodana iminyaka kokuvamile nzima. LwamaSlav, eyazuza njengefa inkolo, ukuphila namasiko waboyisemkhulu wayephila ngokuvumelana nemvelo, bakhuleka onkulunkulu ngemvelo kanye izenzakalo, ezifana unkulunkulu welanga njengomvikeli ungiphase-, unkulunkulu wokuduma kwezulu nombani Perun, unkulunkulu umoya Stribog nabanye. Abantu wayephila ukuphila okulula, ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela kwezolimo, nemfuyo, nezindawo ehlathini ukuzingela ukuhlangana. Ukuze ivikelwe ezitheni, futhi ukuphathwa ngempumelelo ngaphezulu imisebenzi yabo, wadala imiphakathi kulo lonke izindaba ezibalulekile yokubhekana isigungu samadoda amadala noma Chamber.

Ukuze ukudala izakhiwo abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abaphila ibhande ihlathi, sasivame izinkuni. Mangisho ukuthi abantu unamakhono futhi abanamakhono Russian ukudala umklamo kwezobuciko esiyingqayizivele imininingwane izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni, ezibaziweyo ozimele, efana lace obucayi, ehlotshiswe amaphethini eyinkimbinkimbi skates bophahla, amafasitela. Scenes ethathwe epics Russian noma eduze kwahlanganiswa ne imibono yabantu mayelana nemvelo kanye nezimo zemvelo. Isiko Slavic kuhlanganisiwe ukulandisa ngomlomo, tinganekwane legends wadluliselwa ngomlomo. Babejwayele ukucula ekhethekile Guslar singers noma ukuxoxa etha singsong. Ukubhala, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, lwamaSlav kwakungafanele, kwakukhona kuphela incwadi ifindo. Kodwa eminye imithombo bathi iskripthi wayesekhona. Kusekelwe zamagama ngesiGreki, futhi kuba encwadini edume Veles yabhalwa kuso. Umbango mayelana ubuqiniso lokhu lesikhumbuzo kwamasiko akusho abohle kuze kube manje, kodwa ukuthi isimo sinjani, incwadi ayekhona. Futhi intshisekelo imicikilisho yenkolo lwamaSlav, futhi kubandakanya amaculo kanye umdanso nemihlatshelo ehlukahlukene konkulunkulu babo, phansi amadoda. Lokho uyisisekelo waba ngaphansi isiko elidala Russian.

Engxenyeni wangekhulu lesi-9 empilweni lwamaSlav kwesibili kwaqala nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ukufa Prince Svyatoslav kwakuyisiqalo ukulwela ukuphatha phakathi kwamadodana akhe. Oleg abulawa izandla yomfowabo Jaropolk, okuyinto yena, ukubulala bastard uVladimir. Ukuba umbusi ngokuphelele, efuna ukunqoba uthando abantu ukumisa sokulwa okukhona ngaphakathi eqenjini, ngaleyo ndlela kwaqiniswa isimo Russian lasendulo. Kuphakanyisiwe ku naletintfo zobuqaba, uVladimir lokuqala inkolo ulandela lokhu inkolo lakhela phezu Kiev ethempelini kela ajwayelekile futhi ohlonishwa kusukela ebuntwaneni wonkulunkulu, ngisho legitimizes imihlatshelo ngabantu.

Le nqubomgomo engenzi ivumelane eqinile ngesikhathi eMbusweni WaseByzantium, okuyinto Sekuyisikhathi eside uzibophezele onkulunkulu izibulo baphendukela ubuKristu. UVladimir, ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uhulumeni wakhe achuma emoyeni isidingo sokuba sibambisane umakhelwane yaso engaphambili enamandla. Ngaphansi ingcindezi yezimo, isikhulu sazilahla ukholo wawoyise futhi ebuKristwini. Lesi sinyathelo kwakushintsha. Isiko isimo Russian lasendulo, esethole ukuphefumula fresh amasha, kuze kube manje isiko engaziwa iqala ukushintsha futhi uguqule.

Izinguquko abathintekayo ngokuphelele yonke imikhakha. Ukukhulekelwa ezivulekile ubuKristu ingekho, lokhu ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo. Ngo emathempelini art lubonakala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuze baqhube imihlangano yenkolo kudingeka izincwadi zenkolo ezahlukene. Konke lokhu kwakudinga ulwazi ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha. Old isiko Russian eyaqala ukuvela izinkomba eziningi. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe saqala ukwakhiwa amathempeli. Ezinye zazo ngeminyaka yawo ubudala, ezenziwe ngokhuni, kodwa ngaphansi kobuholi amakhosi yesiGreki abaklami Russian ufunde izakhiwo art uqonde zamatshe. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lokhu kuyizinto Tithe Isonto futhi St Sophia Cathedral Kiev, St Sophia Cathedral Novgorod, Pskov zintathu nabanye abaningi. Kahle ubuciko isithonjana imidwebo, yamatshe kanye nemidwebo. Iziza ngokuyinhloko athathwe ezincwadini zesonto. Futhi ukuboniswa izikhulu kanye nemicimbi ebalulekile narodaa ukuphila. Kanyekanye ukwakhiwa amathempeli itshe basungula ukwakhiwa izindonga zawo zamatshe, izigodlo nezindlu zasebukhosini. Manje amaphethini eliyingqayizivele futhi mifanekiso zamatshe, kodwa nje njengoba abanamakhono futhi enhle kokuvamile njengakuqala zibe yizinkuni.

Ukuze akhonze mayelana nethempeli Elisha kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu wokufundisa, okuyinto lwenziwe phakathi kwabantu iminyaka eminingi ezayo ngigeza wahlala yabantu abangamaqaba, isibhamu yayidingeka. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo zezindela waqala. Old isiko Russian ukuthuthukiswa yayo ukweleta kakhulu izindela, ngicabanga ku Ngalezo zinsuku stratum amaningi afundile emphakathini. Izindela abokuqala zonke kusukela lesiGreki elifanayo. Kodwa izazi zemfundiso yenkolo sendawo ngokushesha zamukele ulwazi futhi ngokushesha ngokwabo ayethwele iZwi likaNkulunkulu kubantu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke zazo yilezi Kievskiy Illarion, Novgorod Luka Zhidiata, Pecherskiy Feodosy, kanye monk Nestor wabhala yakhe "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", Nikon nabanye.

Kanye izakhiwo kanye nemfundiso yenkolo athuthukile zibhalwe futhi zokunyathelisa. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubhala eRussia sekukhona ne ukusungulwa ubuKristu, lapho abazalwane ababili, uCyril Mifody wafika evela Thessaloniki, wadala zamagama lapho ukuba babhale izincwadi ibandla lokuqala. Abanye abacwaningi banomuzwa wokuthi Cyrillic zabo - kungcono nje Glagolitic ngcono, okuyinto yayikhona ngaphambi kokufika kobuKristu. Ubufakazi balokhu butholakala e Preslav kwi umbhalo oqoshiwe Glagolitic eyaqala 893 ngonyaka, kanti uVladimir ukubhapathizwa okwenzeka kuphela ngonyaka 988. Nokho, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-9 e isiRashiya lihunyushwe izincwadi eziningi ngesiGreki, imibhalo yamaJuda naseSiriya, njengokuthi "Alexandria" U-Alexander Omkhulu, futhi ilandisa Hamartolos Sinkella, "u-Esteri:", nabanye abaningi. Old isiko isiRashiya okudaliwe abacebile yasekhaya esiyingqayizivele etemibhalo. Omunye elidume kunawo wonke "Lay" futhi "The Life of Boris futhi Gleb", "Kiev-Pechersk patericon", "Ukuhamba" wesigodlo Daniel nabanye. Ngakho, kanye izincwadi esontweni, kukhona Umlandvomphilo wezikhulu nezinduna, izindaba mikhankaso ezidumile elidumile, epics ebhaliwe nezinganekwane.

Ngaphezu izincwadi, izakhiwo kanye art zenkolo, ohlangothini olusha ekuthuthukiseni esebuthele yonke yezandla. Jewellers ukudala omuhle ngendlela engavamile nokuba yinkimbinkimbi imihlobiso, izitsha yababumbi, okuyinto lihlotshiswe imihlobiso ezithakazelisayo, ukuthuthukisa temdzabu Russian.

Isici esiphawulekayo isiko Russia wukuthi pocherpnuv nelwati lolusha amafomu amasha e art, Russian abantu bafulathele amasiko abo, ngaleyo ndlela enze bokwakha futhi imidwebo, nomculo, futhi zonke izikebhe ukunambitheka yayo ehlukileko.