Uthunjana Aleksandra Nevskogo: Biography futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

сын Александра Невского . Daniil Aleksandrovich - uthunjana Aleksandra Nevskogo. Indaba weza sibonga hhayi kuphela ukubusa, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi dalo of St Danilov Monastery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Daniil Aleksandrovich ingenye abangcwele laseMoscow ohlonishwayo. Lamuhla sitawubuka ngesizinda sakhe nokuthi impumelelo.

ebuntwaneni

сделали довольно весомый вклад в благополучие Руси. Prince Alexander saseNevsky namadodana akhe baye benza ngempela neqhaza elikhulu enhlalakahleni yeRussia. Daniel wazalwa ngo 1261. Александр Невский – сын земли русской, умер, Данилу было всего 2 года. Lapho enkulu Alexander saseNevsky - indodana ezweni isiRashiya, wafa, uDaniyeli wayengumfundi iminyaka 2 kuphela. Iminyaka yokuqala le ngane ihlala e Tver, umalume wakhe Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Lesi sakamuva kwaba Prince lokuqala Tver, bese futhi uVladimir. Moscow ke wawuyingxenye ifa kwesikhulu, futhi kwaba ngaphansi kobuholi "tiuns" - kubabusi Tver Prince.

ubukhulu

младший сын Александра Невского получил в свой удел Москву, в точности неизвестно. Ngasiphi isikhathi futhi obani uthunjana Aleksandra Nevskogo kwaba eMoscow waya efeni lakhe, nje engaziwa. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngo kweminyaka engu-70 ngekhulu XIII. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke Daniel siqala 1282. Ngaleso sikhathi esevele engumshumayeli isikhulu agcwele eMoscow. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokhu kwaba kukhulunywa okokuqala eMoscow ngo zemihla e Batu ngemva kokubhubhisa ezimbi ezenzeka 1238. cwaka isikhathi eside enjalo ibilokhu abalulekile kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ngaleso sikhathi ukuphathwa komuzi kuphela uma ubeke iyiphi inhlekelele, izimpi zombango imililo emikhulu, ayehlasela AmaTatar nabanye zalotshwa.

Ngakho, kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi eMoscow sikhathi zinto ucishe ngokuthula. Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, kwaba ukuthula, abalibala iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, kunquma ubukhulu ikusasa eMoscow. Ezikhathini evamile edolobheni kanye County ukuba sithole amandla. Lwamenza eziningi ababaleki abavela ezifundeni ezibhuqiwe Russia, ikakhulukazi eningizimu: Ryazan, Kiev and Chernigov umhlaba. Phakathi nalezi zifiki Kwakukhona wezingcweti, nabalimi, amaqhawe.

Ngokusho "Indaba zachale umuzi omkhulu eMoscow," isikhulu Danilo walithanda ukuphila e Moscow, ngakho wazama ukuba luthathe edolobheni futhi bandise imingcele yayo. Iphinde yathi enobuhle futhi wazama ukusiza abampofu. Ukukhuluma kaDaniyeli A., asikwazi indiva iqiniso lokuthi uye indoda inkolo njalo.

internecine impi

phansi Russian ke ngokuvamile onyakaziswa izimpi zombango. князь, младший сын Александра Невского, он был вынужден принимать в них участие. Naphezu ukuthula, okuyinto idume iSikhulu eMoscow, uthunjana Aleksandra Nevskogo, waphoqwa ukuba iqhaza nabo. Iningi izingxabano lapho waba nengxenye, yaphela ngokuthula futhi akazange afinyelele nokuchitha igazi.

Ngo 1281, kwagqashuka impi phakathi abazalwane asebekhulile Daniel - Dmitry futhi Andrey. Bobabili isikhulu bangathola yesaphothi zidlamlilo. Andrei bacela usizo Buyisela Meng - Khan esisemthethweni futhi Dmitry wazama acele ukusekela Nogai - archrival Buyisela Meng. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, Daniel Alondoloza umzalwane oyedwa noma omunye. UJehova unesithakazelo kuphela kule mpi kwaba ukuphepha esiphezulu eMoscow ukuvimbela omunye ukuhlulwa.

Ngo 1282 isikhulu eMoscow wangenela ukuze ohlangothini Andrew. Ngokwe-Chronicle, yena kanye Novgorod, eMoscow tverichi walwa Duke Dmitri ukuze Pereyaslavl. Lapho bezwa ngalokhu, Dmitry wayahlangabeza kubo. Wayeka ngesikhathi Dmitrov nabaphikisi akazange ukufinyelela idolobha eliqhele ngamakhilomitha amahlanu. Lapho, amabutho zombili wema izinsuku ezinhlanu, ukhuluma ngezithunywa. Ekugcineni, banquma ukwenza kube phezulu. сыновья Александра Невского. Ngokushesha kwenziwa walinikela njengomnikelo amadodana endala Aleksandra Nevskogo. Даниила Московского в дальнейшем будет тесно связан с одним из них – Дмитрием. Biography uDaniyeli eMoscow esikhathini esizayo ngeke ihlobene eduze omunye wabo - Dmitry.

Ubungane Tver

Ngo-1287, laba bazalwane abathathu ndawonye Alexandrovich walwa Mikhail Alexandrovich - Prince okudalwe ka Tver. Ukuya Kashin, bahlala khona izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye. Army ucekela phansi umuzi neSikhulu sezikhulu, washisa Ksnyatin eseduze futhi kukhona isinqumo zidlale Tver. Prince Mihaylo Abakwazi Abakwenzayo wathumela ukuzihlangabeza ngezithunywa zakhe, abazalwane basabela. Ngemva ezinye izingxoxo, amaqembu abantu bavuma ukuthi ngempela impi akudingeki. сын Александра Невского Даниил будет то дружить с Тверью, то вновь соперничать. Esikhathini esizayo, indodana Aleksandra Nevskogo Daniel tando NGALESOSIKHATHI fuduka abangane nge Tver ke ukuncintisana futhi. Nobani ubuhlobo bakhe ngokuqina, ngakho-ke kuba ne nomfowabo omdala, Prince Dmitriem Aleksandrovichem. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi sibonga ubungane bakhe Dimitri, futhi kamuva indodana yakhe u-Ivan Danil Moskovsky uzothola inzuzo ezinkulu zezombangazwe.

Ukuphela kuthula

Ngo 1293 lokho kuthula ngingakhululeki phakathi Prince Andreya Dmitry iphazamiseke. Nalapha futhi, u-Andreya waya zidlamlilo esanda kwenziwa Khan Dokdo, ecela usizo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Russia usephendukele bayibutho elikhulu AmaTatar, okwakubekelwa eliholwa umfowabo Khan khona. Ehamba amaTatar ayengodeveli eziningi izikhulu Russian. Njengoba yayazi ayehlasela AmaTatar, Dmitry wanquma ukuba abaleke. Babaleka njengoba izakhamizi Pereyaslavl. Ngaleso sikhathi, AmaTatar enqobe wahlulwa uVladimir, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsky namanye amadolobha. enkingeni eMoscow futhi azizange zisinde. Abadukisayo Daniel AmaTatar bangena emzini futhi walishushisa kabuhlungu ngokwedlulele umonakalo ongalungiseki. Ngenxa yalokho, bathatha eMoscow ngokuphelele, kanye emakhaya kanye nasemalokishini.

Dmitry ukufa

Ngo 1294, Prince Dmitry wafa. Pereyaslavl wadlulela indodana yakhe u-Ivan, naye uDaniyeli Mihail Abakwazi Abakwenzayo walondoloza ubuhlobo obuhle. Ngo 1296, ngesikhathi kubanjwe ingqungquthela yezikhulu, owawusedolobheni uVladimir, kanye ukungqubuzana Kuvezwe phakathi kwabazalwane. Iqiniso lokuthi Andrei Gorodetsky, manje owayenezinyanga Grand Duke isinqumo, namanye izikhulu zizodla Pereyaslavl. Daniel Mikhail wamvimbela.

сын Александра Невского смог укрепить свое княжество и расширить его пределы. Ukwenza kanjalo, siqiniseka ukuthi ukuphoqa futhi inkanuko kholwa udaba lwabo, uthunjana Aleksandra Nevskogo wakwazi ukuqinisa ubukhulu bayo kanye ukwandisa ilinganiselwe. Isikhathi esifushane, waze wakwazi izakhe e Veliky Novgorod. Kube isikhulu kwaba nendodana yakhe esencane Ivan, ngubani esikhathini esizayo prozovut Ivanom Kalitoy.

Ukushintsha izinto eziza kuqala

Ngo 1300, ngesikhathi kubanjwe ingqungquthela esilandelayo Izikhulu Dmitrov, Daniil Moskovsky uqinisekisile isivumelwano Prince Andrew, Ivan. Nokho, inhlangano yakhe Mikhail ka Tver kwadingeka uyeke. Eminyakeni elandelayo, phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-uDaniyeli iSikhulu Tver bungubutha abanolaka. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Daniel walwa Prince Konstantinom Ryazanskim. Khona-ke, inkosi yase-Moscow ibutho wahlulwa AmaTatar eziningi, asebethathe ukuvikelwa Ryazan, futhi baze bakwazi ngisho uthwebule uConstantine. Ngokusho nokucabanga ethandwa mlando, kwaba ngenxa ukushaywa umoya Ryazan eMoscow ubukhulu ephethwe ukunamathisela Kolomna, etholakala eduze confluence eMfuleni Moskva at Oka.

ukunwetshwa ensimini

Ngo 1302, wafa Pereyaslavl Prince Ivan, oza umshana Danila eMoscow. Nkulunkulu-onothando, omnene onokuthula Ivan D. akazange abe nesikhathi nezingane, ngakho washiyela ubukhulu bakhe Daniilu Aleksandrovichu ayemthanda kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi Pereyaslavl elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe amadolobhakazi amakhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia. ukubusa kwalo ngokushesha kwaqinisa eMoscow izikhathi eziningana. IziKronike futhi "Ukuphila" Prince uDaniyeli ukunakwa ukucindezeleka ekhethekile Pereyaslavl ukuthi lebhalwe eMoscow ngokuphelele ngokomthetho.

Ukubusa Pereyaslavl wazama bephazamisa futhi Prince Andrew. Даниил, сын Александра Невского , не стал мешкать и сразу же отправил в Переяславль своего сына Юрия. Ezwa ngesinqumo mayelana nohide yesihlalo sobukhosi Ivan, Daniyeli, indodana ka Aleksandra Nevskogo, akazange ungajahi, futhi ngokushesha wathumela ku Pereyaslavl indodana yakhe George. Lapho efika edolobheni, wabona ukuthi kwakuqale ukusingatha nababusi Prince Andrew. Kubonakala sengathi avele leli dolobha lasungula ngokushesha ngemva kokufa Ivan Dmitrievich. Yuri waxosha izivakashi bengamenyiwe. Ngenhlanhla, konke sase sihlala ngokuthula. Ekwindla ka-1302 Prince Andrew futhi waya zidlamlilo ethembeni ukuze uthole ukwesekwa emkhankasweni imelane nomfowabo. Kodwa uma impi akwenzekanga.

Ukufa Prince Daniel

князь Даниил, сын Александра Невского, умер. Mashi 5, 1303 eMoscow Prince Daniel, indodana Aleksandra Nevskogo, wafa. Wathatha izifungo indela ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Ngokuphathelene esikhundleni yokungcwaba Grand Duke imithombo kuhluke. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, isikhulu wembelwa isonto Arhangela Mihaila, ngaso leso sikhathi lapho manje simi Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Futhi ngakolunye - ku Danilov Monastery, okuyinto isikhulu yena owayakhe.

sezindela

сын Александра Невского основал на юге Москвы монастырь в честь преподобного Даниила Столпника – своего небесного покровителя. Ngisho ngesikhathi kubusa uthunjana Aleksandra Nevskogo eyasungulwa ngo eningizimu sezindela eMoscow behlonipha St. uDaniyeli Stylite - nomvikeli wabo saint. Lokhu sezindela baba umlando yokuqala eyaziwayo eMoscow zezindela. Ngo "Ukuphila" Saint uthi kwaba kuhle emehlweni ebusa esifundeni Moscow, Prince Daniel waphakamisa weSigungu emfuleni sezindela wawuqamba emva ingelosi yakhe Daniila Stolpnika.

Okukhulu kakhulu ukudalelwa bekuyindlela owamangaza abantu: iminyaka engu-27 ngemva kokushona kwendodana yakhe u, Prince Ivan Kalita wathutha Isigodlo kanye Archimandrite ku enkantolo isikhulu walo esikhathini ezibiyele, walibeka Church of the isimo ngokubonakala koMsindisi wethu. Ngakho Spassky Monastery yasungulwa. Likhuluma 'Life "Daniyeli eMoscow, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi ukunganaki Spassky archimandrites Danilov Monastery yaba mpofu ukuze nomkhondo wawo esehlelembe. Kube isonto elilodwa kuphela - esontweni Daniila Stolpnika. A indawo lapho yena wema, ngokuthi Selco Danilovskoe. Mayelana sezindela njengoba ziyashesha ukulibaleka. Phakathi nokubusa Grand Prince Ivan III Spassky Monastery waphinde ngaphesheya ezibiyele ngaphesheya koMfula Moskva, le Krutitsy entabeni. Lokhu sezindela imele khona namanje, futhi ngokuthi Novospassky.

izimangaliso

Kusayithi yasendulo Danilov Monastery ngokuphindaphindiwe iphutha izimangaliso uqinisekise ubungcwele umsunguli wayo. Jwayelana incazelo abanye babo.

Ngolunye usuku Prince Ivan (aka Ivan III), ise lasendulo Danilov Monastery, ezadlula endaweni lapho izinsalela Prince kaDaniyeli. Ngalesi sikhathi, enhle amajaha kwesikhulu ihhashi ibutho zashelela. Le nsizwa ngemuva abanye sahlala kuleyo ndawo kuphela. Ungalindele, nangu ekubheka bengangazi. Prince kuya satellite akesabi, le ndoda yathi kuye: "Ungesabi kimi, mina ngingumKristu, nkosi kule sayithi, igama lami Daniil Moskovsky. UNkulunkulu uzimisele, ngafaka lapha. " UDaniyeli wacela le nsizwa, ngakho wanika umlayezo ukuba isikhulu ngala mazwi: "? Wena waduduza yena ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi kungani kufanele mina ebengagweba ukuba lokulibala" Khona-ke ukubukeka isikhulu wanyamalala. ngokushesha Le nsizwa imtholile Grand Duke wamtshela konke nemininingwane emincane. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Ivan ngaphambilini ukucula requiem nokuziphatha zenkonzo, futhi abela abantu abampofu izipho ukuze imiphefumulo efile okuthile okulimazayo ezihlotsheni zawo.

Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, indodana Ivan III, Prince uVasili, ukushayela esedlule endaweni efanayo ne eziningi nethimba phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Prince Ivan Shuisky. Lapho yokugcina wafika itshe, sangcwatshwa izinsalela Daniil eMoscow, ukuze ahlale phezu ihhashi lakhe ngaphansi kwazo, okuyinto eyenzeka lapha umlimi imvimba. Wamcela ukuba angazingcolisi ngesabelo itshe, ulala ngaphansi komuthi lapho Prince kaDaniyeli. Prince Ivan waphendula dismissively: "Ngeke wazi ukuthi izikhulu lapha?", Futhi kuphelile izinhlelo. Ngokungazelelwe wabona sekuthule ihhashi waqala ezingemuva up, wawa phansi, wafa. Prince ngobukhulu ubunzima, wakhipha kusukela ngaphansi ihhashi. Waphenduka futhi yayala ukukhonza umthandazo mayelana neziphambeko zabo. Ngokushesha Ivan walulama.

Phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo yomthengisi Sasuka Kolomna eMoscow isikebhe efanayo nendodana yakhe esencane futhi AmaTatar. Emgwaqweni, umfana wagula kakhulu, ngakho ukuthi uyise babengakholelwa ekululameni kwakhe. Njengoba isikebhe wasondela esontweni, lapho izinsalela Prince Daniel, umthengisi indodana yakhe beza engcwabeni saint. Ukutshela umpristi ukucula umthandazo, umthengisi owaqala ngokuvukela ukholo olukhulu ukuba bathandaze kuNkulunkulu, ukushaya isikhulu ukusiza kaDaniyeli. Kungazelelwe, indodana yakhe, sengathi ukuvusa kusuka iphupho, walulama futhi ngaqina emzimbeni. Njengoba umthengisi ngenhliziyo yakhe yonke bakholwa St uDaniyeli ngonyaka ukuza ithuna lakhe ukwenza imithandazo khona.

Alexander saseNevsky - ka waqamba indodana ka Batu

Enye ezithakazelisayo Eqinisweni, okuyinto Yiqiniso, sakuthinta ngayo ukuphila kwezingane Aleksandr Nevskogo, ingabe ngokuthi yobuzalwane nesikhulu Sartak. Александр Невский - сын Батыя , воспринимается историками противоречиво. Ulwazi mayelana Alexander saseNevsky - indodana Batu, ibonwa mlando eziphikisa. Iyodwa into esiqiniseka ngayo - isinqumo kwenkonzo Golden zidlamlilo kanye nabazalwane okuthiwa nesikhulu Alexander saseNevsky Sartak yokutholwa luyingxenye zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo isimo. Nakuba nokuzwelana baziswa ngokwanele: izikhulu encintisana nomunye ifa kanye akazange bangafuni sokukhaphela. Kodwa ubuhlobo is ngokuqinile okuthiwa ohlonishwa njengomholi usanta. Александр Невский, сын хана Батыя Сартак и сам хан действовали сугубо в политических интересах. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo esinjalo, u-Alexander saseNevsky, indodana Batu Khan uKhan Sartak isinyathelo ngenxa nje ngetinhloso tetepolitiki.