Layisha ithebula nge-cable section: ukukhetha, ukubala

Kusukela ekukhethweni okufanele kwesigaba se-wiring kagesi kuxhomeke ekududuzeni nasekuphepheni endlini. Lapho umthwalo ulayishwa ngokweqile, umqhubi uyashisa, futhi ukugxila kungase kuqubude, okuholela emlilweni noma esifundeni esifushane. Kodwa ingxenye yesiphambano ayinhle kakhulu, ngoba intengo yekhebula iyakhula.

Ngokuvamile, kubalwa kuye ngokuthi inani labathengi, okuqala ukuthola amandla alinganiselwe asetshenziselwa indlu, bese ukwandisa umphumela nge-0.75. Ku-PUE ithebula lemithwalo lisetshenziswa eceleni kwesigaba sekhebula. Ingakwazi kalula ukucacisa ububanzi bezintambo, okuxhomeke kulokhu okubonakalayo nokudlula okwamanje. Njengomthetho, abaqhubi bezethusi basetshenziswa.

I-cross-section yengqikithi yekhebula kufanele ihambisane ngqo nomqhubi obalwa ibanga - ekuqondeni ukwandisa ububanzi besayizi obujwayelekile. Yingozi kakhulu uma ihlehlisiwe. Khona-ke umqhubi uyaqhubeka ephuza, futhi ukugxila okusheshayo kuyaphela. Futhi uma ufaka ikhefu lesifunda elifanele, khona-ke kuzovame ukuvela.

Uma ingxenye yesiphambano yocingo iphezulu kakhulu, iyobiza ngaphezulu. Nakuba isitoreji esithile siyadingeka, njengesikhathi esizayo, njengombuso, kubalulekile ukuxhuma imishini entsha. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isici sokuphepha esingaba ngu-1.5.

Ukubalwa kwamandla aphelele

Amandla agcwele asetshenziswe ngendlu awela ekufakweni okuyinhloko, okungena ebhodini lokusabalalisa, futhi ngemva kokuba lisuka emgqeni:

• Ukukhanyisa;
• Amaqembu ezisekelo;
• Hlukanisa imishini kagesi enamandla.

Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke zekhebula lamandla ku-input. Emigqeni ephumayo iyancipha, kuye ngomthwalo. Okokuqala, amandla okuphelele kwawo wonke imithwalo anqunywa. Lokhu akulona kunzima, ngoba kuboniswe ekukhoneni kwazo zonke izinto ezisendlini nasemapasipoti kubo.

Wonke amandla afakwa. Ngokufanayo, izibalo zenzelwe umjikelezo ngamunye. Ochwepheshe batusa ukwandisa inani ngesici esinciphisa esingu-0.75. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wonke amadivayisi awafakiwe kwinethiwekhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Abanye basikisela ukukhetha ingxenye enkulu. Lokhu kudala ukugcinwa kokuthunyelwa kwemishini kagesi eyengeziwe engathengwa esikhathini esizayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nguqulo yokubala kwekhebula inokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

Indlela yokunquma isigaba se-cross?

Kuzo zonke izibalo, ingxenye yesiphambano yekhebula ivela. Ngomkhawulo wayo, kulula ukubona ukuthi amafomula alandelayo asetshenziswa kanjani:

• S = π D² / 4 ;
• D = √ (4 × S / π).

Lapho i-π = 3.14.

Ngetambo eboshiwe, okokuqala kudingeka ubale inani lezintambo (N). Khona-ke ububanzi (D) komunye wabo bulinganiswa, emva kwalokho indawo ehlukaniswayo imisiwe:

S = N × D² / 1,27.

Izintambo ezinamandla zisetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukuguquguquka. Abaqhubi abahamba ngeshibhile basetshenziselwa ukufakwa okumile.

Indlela yokukhetha ikhebula ngamandla?

Ukuze ukhethe i-wiring, ithebula lemithwalo ngesigaba sekhebula lisetshenziswa:

• Uma umugqa ovulekile ungaphansi kwe-voltage 220 V, futhi amandla angama-4 kW, umqhubi wethusi we-1.5 mm² wesigaba esiphambene uthathwa. Lesi sayizi ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa i-wiring.
• Emandleni angama-6 kW, imithanjeni ene-cross cross section 2.5 mm² iyadingeka. Intambo isetshenziselwa izindawo zokuthenga lapho izinto ezisendlini zixhunyiwe khona.
• Amandla angu-10 kW adinga ukusebenzisa i-wiring ka-6 mm². Ngokuvamile kuhloswe ekhishini, lapho isitofu sikagesi sixhunyiwe khona. Indlela eya kumthwalo onjalo yenziwa emgqeni ohlukile.

Yiziphi izintambo ezingcono?

Ama-electricians ayaziwa ikhefu lamaJalimane lama-NUM ehhovisi nasezindaweni zokuhlala. E-Russia, ama-cable brand akhiqizwa aphansi ekusebenzeni, nakuba angase abe negama elifanayo. Zingahlukaniswa ukufakwa kwe-compound esikhaleni phakathi kwemithanjeni noma ukungabi khona kwayo.

Intambo ikhiqizwa nge-monolithic ne-multiwire. I-vein ngayinye, kanye ne-twist yonke yangaphandle, ifakwe i-PVC, ukugcwalisa okuphakathi kwawo okungenakuqhathaniswa:

• Ngakho-ke, ikhebula le-NUM lisetshenziselwa endlini, ngoba ukuguqulwa emgwaqweni kubhujiswa yimisebe yelanga.
• Futhi njengoba i-wiring yangaphakathi neyaphandle kagesi isebenzisa kakhulu i-cable brand BBG. Kuyinto eshibhile futhi enokwethenjelwa ngokwanele. Ngokuba ukulala emhlabathini akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa.
• I-Wire VVG brand yenziwe flat futhi nxazonke. Phakathi kwe-veins, ukugcwaliswa akusetshenzisiwe.
• Ikhebula le-VVGng-P-LS lenziwa ngengubo yangaphandle engasisekeli ukushisa. Izindwangu zenziwe zijikeleze esigabeni esiphambene nesi-16 mm², nangaphezulu - umkhakha.
• Imikhiqizo yezintambo ze-PVS ne-SHVVP zenziwe nge-multiwire futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinto zokusebenza zasendlini. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa njenge-wiring yendawo kagesi. Emgwaqweni, ama-cores aqoshiwe akufanele asetshenziswe ngenxa yokubola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoqa ukugoqa ukugoqa ekushiseni okuphansi.
• Emgwaqweni ngaphansi komhlaba kutholakale izintambo ezivimbekile nezomswakama АВБШв and ВБШв. Isikhali senziwe ngamagatsha amabili ensimbi, okwandisa ukuthembeka kwekhebula futhi okwenza ukuthi ihambisane nokucindezeleka komshini.

Ukunqunywa komthwalo wamanje

Umphumela onembile kakhulu ukubalwa kwe-cable cross-section yamandla namanje, lapho imingcele yejometri ihlobene nokugesi.

I-wiring ekhaya, hhayi kuphela umthwalo osebenzayo, kodwa futhi umthwalo osebenzayo kufanele ucatshangelwe. Amanje itholakala ngefomula:

I = P / (U ∙ cosφ).

Umthwalo osebenzayo wenza izibani ze-luminescent nezinjini zemishini kagesi (isiqandisisi, i-vacuum cleaner, ithuluzi lamandla, njll).

Isibonelo sokubala isigaba esinqunyiwe sekhebula lamanje

Ake sithole ukuthi yini okufanele yenze uma udinga ukucacisa i-cross-section yekhebula lesethusi lokuxhuma kwemishini yasendlini ngamandla angama-25 kW nemishini yesigaba esine-10 kW. Lokhu kuxhumano kwenziwa ngekhebula eliyisihlanu eliyisisekelo elihlelwe phansi. Ukudla kwendlu kwenziwa enethiwekhi yesigaba ezintathu.

Ukucabangela into esebenzayo, amandla emishini yasendlini kanye nemishini izoba:

• P _{impilo yansuku zonke.} = 25 / 0.7 = 35.7 kW;
• P _обор. = 10 / 0.7 = 14.3 kW.

Amathangathi ekufakweni achazwa:

• Ngiyaphila _. = 35.7 × 1000/220 = 162 A;
• I _obor. = 14.3 × 1000/380 = 38 A.

Uma sisabalalisa imithwalo yesigaba esisodwa ngokulinganayo ngezigaba ezintathu, eyodwa izoba neyamanje:

I _φ = 162/3 = 54 A.

Isigaba ngasinye sinomthwalo wamanje:

I _ф = 54 + 38 = 92 A.

Yonke imishini ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke isebenze. Ukucabangela umkhawulo wesigaba ngasinye, kunamanje:

I _φ = 92 × 0.75 × 1.5 = 103.5 A.

Kwikhebula eliyisihlanu eliyisisekelo, kuphela abaqhubi bezinhlelo ezicatshangelwayo. Ukuze ikhebula libekwe emhlabathini, kungenzeka ukuthi inqume ukuthi ingxenye engama-16 mm² ayi-cross-section ye-current of 103.5 A (Ithebula lemithwalo eduze kwesigaba sekhebula).

Ukubalwa okucwengile kwamandla wamanje kwenza kube lula ukugcina izindleko, ngoba ingxenye encane yesiphambano iyadingeka. Ngombala wokubala wekhebula wamandla, isigaba esinqunyiwe somgogodla uzoba ngu-25 mm2, okuzobiza ngaphezulu.

I-voltage iwisa phezu kwekhebula

Abaqhubi banokumelana, okumelwe kuthathwe ngokubheka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekude ubude bekhebula noma ngezigaba ezincane ezihamba phambili. Imithetho ye-PES yasungulwa, ngokusho ukuthi i-voltage yehla kwekhebula akufanele idlulele ku-5%. Ukubala kwenziwa kanje.

1. Ukuphikiswa komqhubi kunqunywa: R = 2 × (ρ × L) / S.
2. Kukhona ukwehla kwamandla kagesi: U _pad. = I × R. Ngokuphathelene ne-linear ngamaphesenti, kuzoba: U _% = (U _{pad./U lin.} ) × 100.

Lezi fomula ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa amafomula:

• Ukumelana okuqondile kwe-Ρ, Ohm × mm² / m;
• S iyindawo engezansi, mm².

I-coefficient 2 ibonisa ukuthi okwamanje igeleza ngezinhlamvu ezimbili.

Isibonelo sokubala kwekhebula ngokudonsa kwe-voltage

Isibonelo, kubalulekile ukubala i-voltage drop on the carry with the cross section of the conductor 2.5 mm², ubude obungamamitha angama-20. Kubalulekile ukuxhuma i-welding transformer ngamandla angu-7 kW.

• Ukumelana kwesikhala kuyinto: R = 2 (0.0175 × 20) / 2.5 = 0.28 Ω .
• Amandla wamanje kumqhubi: I = 7000/220 = 31.8 A.
• I-voltage idonsa ekuthwaleni: U _pad. = 31.8 × 0.28 = 8.9 V.
• Amaphesenti wehla yamandla: U _% = (8,9 / 220) × 100 = 4,1 %.

Ukuhamba kufanelekile kumshini wokushisa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zemithetho yokusebenza yokufakelwa kagesi, ngoba iphesenti yamandla kagesi awela phezu kwalo kungaphakathi kobubanzi obuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ukubaluleka kwayo ku-wire supply kuyasala okukhulu, okungahle kuphazamise inqubo yokwelusa. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukuhlola umkhawulo ophansi ongavumelekile wamandla womshini wokushisa.

Isiphetho

Ukuze uvikele ngokuqinile ukuxhuma kwe-wiring kusuka kokushisa okwesikhathi eside kudlulile wamanje okhethiwe, izingxenye ezihamba phambili zekhebula zibalwe emigomeni ehlala isikhathi eside. Ukubala kulula uma itafula lemithwalo lisetshenziselwa isigaba sekhebula. Umphumela onembile uthola uma kubalwa ukulayisha okwamanje. Futhi ngokusebenza okuzinzile nesikhathi eside esigabeni sokubamba, kufakwe ikhefu lesifunda.