Isakhiwo se rocket "uSathane". "USathane" - isisombululo esinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni

Njengomthetho, izinhlelo zethu zezikhali zinamagama angathathi hlangothi, okuthi, lapho kwenzeka ulwazi oluthe xaxa, ngeke lisho okuningi kuma-intelligence agents wezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zangaphandle. Thatha, isibonelo, "iPoplar" efanayo noma "Ash". Izihlahla zifana nezihlahla. Futhi ngisho nhlobo "i-Pinocchio" enye into enhle kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona isikhali esisodwa esicasulayo eNtshonalanga nasezweni lakithi: "USathane" uhlelo lwesimiso sesizukulwane sesithathu, liphinde libe ngu-15P018, futhi liyi-P-36, liyi-SS-18, futhi liyi-RS-20B, futhi " Voevod ". Inani elinjalo lamagama linesizathu salo. Ukusebenzisa amakhodi aseSoviet phakathi kochwepheshe be-NATO ngokwemvelo ayamukelekile, bavela ngamagama abo ngokwezibonelo zabo zobuchwepheshe bethu, ngokuvamile futhi bahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke yini eyesaba kakhulu ngo-15P018 futhi yikuphi ukuduma kwamaMelika - i-rocket "uSathane"?

Ukugijima kwempi njengensiza yokuhlukumezeka

Ukwakhiwa kwemicibisholo ye-ballistic eyinkimbinkimbi kuyindaba ebiza kakhulu, isayensi-enkulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kwezobuchwepheshe. Kwaphoqeleka i-USSR ukuba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wezandla isikhathi eside kwaba umgomo wemibuso yase-US yezikhathi ezehlukene, kusukela eTruman kuya kuReagan. Ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, iMelika ihlale icebile kuneSoviet Union, futhi ukuyiqeda ngokweqile ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko ekugcineni kwaqinisekisa ukunqoba eMpini Yomshoshaphansi. Ngezinga elincane futhi namuhla le nqubomgomo isetshenziswa eRussia entsha.

Ukusabela kwethu kwabaseMelika

Cishe ngo-1965, amandla amakhosi ase-American intercontinental akhula kakhulu, kanye neminye imingcele yezobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganise nokuchithwa kokushaya. Lokhu kwasongela abaqaphi baseSoviet, iningi lalo limile ngaleso sikhathi futhi lisezimayini ezigxile ezindaweni eziqhutshwayo ngesigaba. Ngakho-ke, enye i-ICBM yaseMelika, uma i-hit ephumelelayo, ingahlanganisa amaSoviet amaningi, hhayi okwamanje ukuqala. Kudingeka ngokuphuthumayo ukusabela esongweni. Kwakukhona izimboni ezimbili: ukuhlakaza iziqalisi, ukuqinisa izimayini, noma ukuzenza zibe yiselula, kuyilapho zigcina amandla amakhulu, okusho ukuthi, isisindo nesayizi. Kodwa kuneminyaka yama-satellites kunzima ukufihla ukuhamba kweziqalisi zamaselula. Izinkinga zidinga izixazululo. Ngenxa yalokho, u-R-36 uSathane wabonakala, impi eyisikhali enamandla kunayo yonke emhlabeni.

Great Utkin

I-Academician Vladimir Fedorovich Utkin wayengewona umuntu odumile ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa abangane bakhe, abalingani abafana nabo, nabangaphansi, begubha usuku lokuzalwa lomphathi wabo ngo-Okthoba 17, bambiza ngokuthi uhlakaniphile ngaphandle kwesithunzi sokungabaza. Futhi ngalokhu kunezizathu. Ngaphansi kokuhola kwalososayensi kwakhiwa isakhiwo se-rocket "uSathane", noma kunalokho, 15P018 (isiteketiso sokuthi u-brainchild we-academician unikezwe ngabaseMelika). Konke kwaqala ngomqondo ojwayelekile, ngakho wahlukaniswa waba imisebenzi ehlukene yezobuchwepheshe, ngayinye yaxazululwa ngempumelelo.

Isistimu kaSathane ye-missile uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngayinye yamayunithi ayo kumele asebenze ekhonsathini, futhi noma yikuphi ukungaphumeleli kungaholela emiphumeleni engenakuqhathaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhali esinqabileyo sizosungulwa kokubili emayini yamaminithi kanye nasezikhungweni ezizimele zesitimela eziguqulwe njengezinqola ezivamile.

Indlela yokuqalisa i-rocket esindayo evela emayini

Umzimba we-rocket wenziwe nge-aluminium kanye ne-magnesium-izinsimbi kunalokho zilula. Ubuningi bodonga bungu-3 mm, ngaphandle kwalokho igobolondo lizobe likhulu kakhulu. Isisindo se-rocket singaphezu kwamathani angu-210, futhi sidinga ukusungulwa emayini ejulile. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma into enzima kangaka futhi enesibhakabhaka iqala ukugezwa ngokushisa okushisayo okuphunyuka emacuzini. Ngaphakathi - amathani angu-195 kagesi, hhayi nje amafutha, kodwa aqhuma. Kodwa akusikho konke. Eyingxenyeni yekhanda kunezakhiwo ze nyukliya ezinekhono lamakhulu amane Hiroshima.

Lona umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe. Futhi onjiniyela bakhe baseSoviet banquma. I-rocket ikhishwa ngokucophelela futhi ngokucophelela phezulu ngamacala amathathu akhethekile e-powder, okuthiwa ama-accumulators, aphakanyiswe ngamashumi ama-metres, futhi kuphela-ke izinjini zangaphambili ezilungiselelwe ("ezibhebhethekile") zokuqala ziqalisiwe.

Lesi sinkinga futhi sandisa kakhulu indawo yokulwa yesistimu. Ekuqothulweni kwamandla okuvuthwa kokuqala , inani elikhulu lamapetroli lalidliwe, kulokhu ukulondolozwa kwalo kungamathani ayi-9.

Lesi yisibonelo esisodwa nje sokuphakama kwezixazululo, umdwebo we-genius we-Utkin omkhulu. Kuningi labo, incwadi yonke ingabe ihambe ukuchaza abanye. Mhlawumbe i-multivolume eyodwa.

Isithuthuthu se-Atomic Train

ISoviet Union yayingeyona into ebizwa ngokuthi amandla amakhulu esitimela. Ukuhamba kwemikhumbi ende kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezitimela ngendlela engakaze ibe khona okwamanje iRussia yaseTsarist, ngenkathi eseSoviet eminyakeni emisha yayisakazwa yonke indawo yezwe lethu ngenethiwekhi yezindlela. Usuku nobusuku kuzo ziyizitimela, phakathi kwazo ongaze azihlukanise nalabo abangaphansi kwamapulangwe lapho izimoto eziningi zikhona. Isakhiwo esihambahambayo "uSathane" singase sisekelwe esiteshini sesitimela esifihlekile njengesitimela esingajwayelekile, esingenakuhlukaniswa nendawo evamile yi-satellite ephelele kunazo zonke. Yiqiniso, isisindo somsunguli wamathani angu-130 akavumelanga ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji esilula , ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, kwakudingekile ukuxazulula ezokuthutha, nakwesilinganiso sonke se-Union. Ababheki bezinkuni bashintshwe ukuze baqinisekiswe ukhonkolo, ikhwalithi namandla e-tovas zalethwa ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ngoba noma yimuphi umonakalo ungashintsha ngokushesha. Isiqhumane se-rocket "uSathane" sinamamitha angu-23 ubude, ngaphansi kobukhulu bemoto esiqandisini, kodwa inhloko yekhanda kwakufanele ihlakulele isakhiwo esikhethekile - isakhiwo sokubumba. Kube nezinye izinkinga, kodwa umphumela walungisa izindleko. Impumuzo yokuziphindiselela ingabangelwa iphuzu elingalindelekile, ngakho-ke, liqinisekisiwe futhi aligwemeki.

I-rocket

Izindlela zokulethwa kwengxenye yekhanda, lapho amacala enyukliya atholakala khona, yi-missile ephakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili, indawo efinyelela kuyo engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-300,000. Iyakwazi ukunqoba imingcele yezinhlelo zokuzivikela eziphumelelayo futhi ezithembisayo zokuzivikela futhi zithinte izinhloso eziyishumi ezihlukene ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezinamanani angalingana nama-megatons ayisishiyagalolunye we-TNT. Nciphisa isenzo sayo emva kokuqaliswa kungenakwenzeka, okwamukela igama elinjalo elihle - "uSathane". I-complex missile ifakwe ezinkulungwaneni zezakhiwo ezifanisa izimpi zenuzi. Eziyishumi zazo zinomshini oseduze nokukhokhwa kwangempela, zonke ezinye zenziwa nge-plastiki ensimbi futhi zithatha izinhlobo zokuvimbela ukulwa, ukuvuvukala ku-vacatum e-stratospheric. Ayikho uhlelo lokulwa ne-anti-missile elingabhekana nezinhloso eziningi.

I-Electronic Brain

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuphatha kwenziwa yiSekela likaMengameli Jikelele weVladimir Sergeev. Yakhelwe esimisweni sokungavumeli, sinamashaneli amathathu kanye ne-majorization yezinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo luzihlola, ngokwenza ukuzihlola. Uma kukhona ukungafani phakathi kwemiphumela, ukulawulwa kucatshangwa yisiteshi esedlule ukuhlolwa ngempumelelo. I-interface yekhebula, futhi kubhekwe njengokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele, ukwehluleka kwemigqa yokuxhumana akubhaliswanga kanyekanye phakathi nesikhathi sonke lapho i-R-36M "uSathane" eyinkimbinkimbi yinkimbinkimbi ihlomile.

Ukuthukutheliswa kwamaMelika

Lolu hlelo olwethulwa e-United States futhi lwaqanjwa ngokuthi yiluhlelo lokuzivikela lwamasu, lwaluhlose ukudala "isambulela" somhlaba wonke esizovikela amazwe 'ezwe elikhululekile', ngokuyinhloko i-United States, emiphumeleni yesiteleka sokuziphindisela esiphezulu lapho kwenzeka ingxabano yomhlaba. I-complex missile complex 15P018 ("uSathane") yanciphisa ngokuphelele lo mbono womqondo. Ayikho ukuvikela imishini, ngisho nezakhi ezibizayo ezisekelwe emkhathini, kungaqinisekisa ukubhujiswa okuphephile kwezinto ensimini ye-USSR yi-American "Pershingami". Okungadingeki ukuthi, lokhu kwabangela ukucasula phakathi kwabakhileyo eNdlu nasePapitol. Ubuholi baseSoviet abuzange busheshe ukususa lezi zinkimbinkimbi ezivela ezigodini, ngokufanele bakholelwa ukuthi zinikeza isihlangu senuzi esithembekile. Kodwa lolu daba lwaphuma phansi ngemuva kokuba iGorbi ifike embusweni kanye nokuqala kwe-perestroika.

Yeka indlela abachoboza ngayo uSathane

I-rocket ngayinye yesibili "uSathane" yabhujiswa ngaphansi kwemibandela yesivumelwano START-1, esayinwe yiNobhala Jikelele weCPS Central Central, uMikhail S. Gorbachev. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-USSR, icala laqhubeka nguMongameli waseRussia Federation Boris N. Yeltsin. Ngenxa yezobulungiswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhishwa esitokisini kanye nokulahlwa okulandelwayo kwemicibisholo ephindaphindiwe okwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwakungenziwanga ngenxa yecindezelo lohlangothi lwaseMelika noma ukukhwabanisa kwezwe (okugxilwe yizakhamuzi ezithandwayo zokuthanda izwe). Izizathu zaziyizicabangela eziningi nangokwezomnotho. Isabelomali sezwe asizange simelane nezinga eliphakeme lemali yokusetshenziswa kwempi, okungafakwa futhi kusetshenziselwe ukugcina lezi zingoma zomzila wesitimela. Futhi ngaphandle kwabo, kungaba khona enye i-Chernobyl, kuphela eyesabekayo kakhulu. Isakhiwo se-rocket "uSathane" sasiyisisulu somonakalo jikelele, owawuhambisana nokuwa kweSoviet Union.

Ngezinhloso zokuthula

Ngemva kokuvela kwezintsha ezisensimini ye-USSR eyayingenakulinganiswa, kwavela ngokungazelelwe ukuthi yonke imishini yokukhiqiza, yesayensi kanye nokuhlola eyakha i-complex yi-Ukraine kuphela. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokukhiqizwa kwesistimu yokuzivikela enamandla kungeke kwenzeke, okungenani esikhathini esifushane.

Ukuhoxiswa kwe-rocket eyingozi kumaMelika akusho ukuthi kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinye izinhloso kunokuba abanikazi bezimpawu zokugcina bengangabazi ukuzisebenzisa. Njengasendabeni ye "EMpumalanga" ekhazinyulisiwe, lo mphakathi wawuguqulwe, wawusetshenziselwa ukubeka izimpahla zezohwebo nezesayense, kubandakanya amazwe angaphandle, zibe yi-orbit. Yini okufanele ngiyenze? Lapho izwe lidinga imali, "uSathane" uzosetshenziswa futhi. I-intercontinental ballistic missile phakathi nenkathi kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2010 ngaphansi kwesimiso esithi "Dnepr" senzeke ngama-satellite amane asebenzayo. Kukhona iziqalo ezingu-14, enye yazo ayiphumelelanga.

"Voevoda"

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, i-missile engu-R-36M yathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwayo nemiphumela yesiteleka esingase senyuke futhi kuthuthukiswe izici zokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukuhlanza, kucatshangelwa amakhono amasha amasistimu okuvikela amasha aseMelika. I-KB "Yuzhnoye" (iDnepropetrovsk) iphumelele ngokuphumelelayo nomsebenzi, umphumela womsebenzi wawuwumkhiqizo we-15A18M, obizwa nge- "Voevode." Lapho ubhala umbhalo we-START-1 isivumelwano, wawunikelwe ikhodi "РС-20Б", futhi ngokuyinhloko kwakuyihlelo elifanayo le-missile "uSathane", kuphela yamuva.

Ushintsho esimweni samazwe ngamazwe, oluvezwe ngesifiso sobuholi bamazwe ase-NATO, ikakhulukazi i-United States, ukubeka izisekelo zabo ngokuseduze kunokwenzeka kumingcele yaseRussia, kwaholela ekubuyekezweni kwemigomo yesivumelwano se-START II, esingakaze senziwe ngokuvumelana, ngokuphathelene nokuthengiswa okuningi Ama-ICBM. Imicibisholo engu-15A18M (ehlomile ngezikhwepha), njengamanje ngokuqaphile, ihlelwe ukuthi ithathelwe indawo yinkimbinkimbi entsha yaseRashiya iSarmat ekwazi ukuhlukanisa izimpi. Kodwa ngabo indaba ihlukile ...